• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6A
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• pp.435-447
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• 2011

This paper discusses the problems in application of a parallel wire strand with high performance steel wires, which have the tensile strength of 1960 MPa grade, as a major component of the main cables in suspension bridges. Construction methods of main cables in suspension bridges are briefly reviewed by comparing the pros and cons of available methods. Required items for performance and quality of parallel wire strands are described based on the established references. Ultimate tensile strength tests are carried out for seven specimens in order to analyze the behavior of high-performance parallel wire strands. The test results demonstrate that the properties of test specimens are satisfied with performance indexes specified in this paper. The high-performance parallel wire strands are acceptable for application in main cables of suspension bridges.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.415-433
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• 2015

Tendon failures in bonded post-tensioned bridges over the last two decades have motivated ongoing investigations on various aspects of unbonded tendons and their monitoring methods. Recent research shows that change of strain distribution in anchor heads can be useful in detecting wire breakage in unbonded construction. Based on this strain variation, this paper develops a damage detection model that enables an automated tendon monitoring system to identify and locate wire breaks. The first part of this paper presents an experimental program conducted to study the strain variation in anchor heads by generating wire breaks using a mechanical device. The program comprised three sets of tests with fully populated 19-strand anchor head and evaluated the levels of strain variation with number of wire breaks in different strands. The sensitivity of strain variation with wire breaks in circumferential and radial directions of anchor head in addition to the axial direction (parallel to the strand) were investigated and the measured axial strains were found to be the most sensitive. The second part of the paper focuses on formulating the wire breakage detection framework. A finite element model of the anchorage assembly was created to demonstrate the algorithm as well as to investigate the asymmetric strain distribution observed in experimental results. In addition, as almost inevitably encountered during tendon stressing, the effects of differential wedge seating on the proposed model have been analyzed. A sensitivity analysis has been performed at the end to assess the robustness of the model with random measurement errors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2013

Ultimate load factors of PPWS(Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strand) sockets in main cables of suspension bridges are studied with respect to the tapered angles of the inner surface of sockets. After briefly reviewing the current design method, 15 numbers of finite element models of sockets are prepared by varying the number of wires in a strand and the tapered angles. The finite element models are updated by comparing experimental and numerical results, so that the models can reflect the real behavior of sockets. The stress distributions at the first yielding and ultimate states are analyzed by performing the incremental load analysis using ABAQUS. It is concluded that the optimized tapered angle of sockets should be determined at the specific angle between the results of verification equations of the required bonding length and stress resistance length.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2015

This study was conducted for the torsional behavior of catwalk system which is a temporary structure on a suspension bridge. The torsional deformation of the catwalk structure has a significant effect on the workability and safety of workers during main cable erection. For this reason, the torsional deformation of catwalk is controlled to be acceptable levels below by adjusting the cross bridge interval in design stage. This study analyzed the effect of separation between cross bridge associated with twist safety of catwalk system. For the analytical approach, a detailed analysis model was created including cross bridge. Both wind load within the wind velocity range that allows the construction and eccentric load of Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strand were analyzed by analysis model. Result of study shows that separation between cross bridges has a significant effect on the torsional behavior of the catwalk.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1281-1293
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• 2013

A sophisticated finite element model is illustrated to analyze the behavior of Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strand(PPWS) sockets for main cables of suspension bridges. An orthotropic model is proposed for the casting material by considering both effects of individual wires and a casting alloy, and the contact between surfaces of a socket and a casting alloy is idealized by using the Coulomb friction and the surface-based contact model. The proposed FE model is verified by comparing the strain distributions obtained from the tensile test and FE analysis. The mechanical behavior of a socket is investigated with respect to the variation of the frictional coefficient. The result shows that the friction between surfaces significantly diminishes the stress concentration of a socket and a casting alloy, and the normal stress from the design equation represents the averaged value of the upper and lower quartiles in the distribution of contact stresses between a socket and a casting alloy.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.20-24
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• 2004

Bi-2223 wire, the first-generation high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire, was successfully commercialized and various electrical machinery and equipment are actively being developed in many countries. Because its critical current is too small to realize the lossless conducting part of electric power system with a HTS wire, multi-HTS paths are used to enlarge the critical current of HTS system. Though the resistance generated in HTS wire by transport current is very small, the difference of it in multi-path is the additional reason which causes the non-uniform current sharing in multi-HTS path except the well known reason, the difference of inductance between each path. In this paper, experimental research on current sharing of multi-strand and multi-stacked HTS wire was implemented. The whole critical current of multi-HTS paths is not equal to sum of critical current of each path because of non-uniform current sharing occurred in this paths. It was verified experimentally that Bi-2223 wires have different resistance generated by same transport current even if they was manufactured in same progress of work. Current sharing phenomenon was affected by difference of resistance and self and mutual inductance.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.44-46
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• 1996

Superconducting cable is using by bundling and twisting with many strands for large current capacity. As a result of the twisting, the magnetic field whose direction is parallel to a sound axis by the transport current of themselves is produced in the cable. Not only the externally exposed longitudinal field but also longitudinal component of self field make a influence on a.c loss and a.c quench current degradation. In this paper, we calculate the saturated region flowing with the critical current density in a strand in case of various twist pitch, transport current and external longitudinal field.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.6-9
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 최소 중량을 갖는 PPWS용 소켓의 기하형상을 결정하기 위하여 소켓의 경사각, 스트랜드의 강도 및 스트랜드의 직경을 주요 설계변수로 결정하고 각 설계 경우에 대한 매개변수해석을 수행하였다. 소켓의 경사각은 5도에서 13도까지를 범위로 하였고 스트랜드의 강도는 1860MPa급, 1960MPa급 및 2100MPa급의 고강도 강선을 적용한 경우를 고려하였으며, 스트랜드의 직경은 91, 127, 169 및 217개의 강선을 적용한 경우를 대상으로 하였다. 또한, 매개변수해석에서 도출된 기하형상을 갖는 소켓의 안정성을 검토하기 위하여 유한요소해석을 이용하여 소켓을 해석하고 스트랜드의 허용인장력 작용시 소켓의 안정성을 검토하였다. 해석 결과, 소켓의 중량을 최소화하는 내부 경사각은 스트랜드의 직경에 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었으며, 매개변수해석으로부터 설계된 소켓은 스트랜드의 허용인장력 작용시 충분한 안정성을 확보하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.585-599
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• 2016

Steel cables serve as the key structural components in long-span bridges, and the force state of the steel cable is deemed to be one of the most important determinant factors representing the safety condition of bridge structures. The disadvantages of traditional cable force measurement methods have been envisaged and development of an effective alternative is still desired. In the last decade, the vision-based sensing technology has been rapidly developed and broadly applied in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). With the aid of vision-based multi-point structural displacement measurement method, monitoring of the tensile force of the steel cable can be realized. In this paper, a novel cable force monitoring system integrated with a multi-point pattern matching algorithm is developed. The feasibility and accuracy of the developed vision-based force monitoring system has been validated by conducting the uniaxial tensile tests of steel bars, steel wire ropes, and parallel strand cables on a universal testing machine (UTM) as well as a series of moving loading experiments on a scale arch bridge model. The comparative study of the experimental outcomes indicates that the results obtained by the vision-based system are consistent with those measured by the traditional method for cable force measurement.