• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2014

Objective : This study aims to provide fundamental data for new directions(the improvement directions) from searching research papers of randomized controlled trials among thesis of Atopic Dermatitis related to oriental medicine in Korea from 2004 to 2014 and identifying the problem and level of a clinical study through an assessment of the quality, CONSORT statement. Methods : Data was collected through the Koreanstudies Information Service System(KISS). Two experts in Oriental Medicine reviewed the title and abstract in thesis, the results of searching the title, "Atopic dermatitis" and topic, "oriental medicine" at KISS, and then they handsearched Randomized Controlled Trials related to oriental medicine in Korea. According to guidelines defined by CONSORT statement, they assessed whether 37 items were followed by guidelines at yes or no answers in order to evaluate the quality as well. They assessed the definition of each item independently. After comparing, they made a decision on the item of different outcomes through an agreement with a third party. Results : Total number of randomized controlled trials in Atopic Dermatitis related to oriental medicine is eleven. A randomized controlled trial was first published in 2007. One or two papers associated it were released every year except 2013. 9 papers of them were approved by Institutional Review Board and were received written consent. The study included between 20 to 40 subjects for 2-arm parallel study design. The effect of treatment was observed for 4 to 8 weeks. On average, the number followed guidelines was 18.64 among those of 37 CONSORT statement and 50.38% of them was followed overall. Conclusion : As an interest about randomized controlled trials was increased, it was needed to care the standard providing information of CONSORT statement on randomized controlled trials related to oriental medicine in Korea. It is suggested to provide more clear information about it, so that it can be a motive for improving quality of the journal in oriental medicine.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2021

Land creeping is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement o f slope-forming soil or rock. Because creep-related failures occur frequently on a large scale without notice, they can be hazardous to both property and human life. Korea Forest Service has operated the prevention and response system from land creeping which has been on the rise since 2018. We categorized and proposed three survey steps (e.g., preliminary, regional, detailed) for investigation of creeping susceptibility site with a focus on geophysical mapping of a selected test site, Yongheung-dong, Pohang, Korea. The combination of geophysical (dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography and reciprocal seismic refraction technique, well-logging), geotechnical studies (standard penetrating test, laboratory tests), field mapping (tension cracks, uplift, fault), and comprehensive interpretation of their results provided the reliable information of the subsurface structures including the failure surface. To further investigate the subsurface structure including the sliding zone, we performed high-resolution geophysical mapping in addition to the regional survey. High-resolution seismic velocity structures are employed for stability analysis because they provided more simplified layers of weathering rock, soft rock, and hard rock. Curved slip plane of the land creeping is effectively delineated with a shape of downslope sliding and upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock in high-resolution electrical resistivity model with clay-mineral contents taken into account. Proposed survey steps and comprehensive interpretation schemes of the results from geological, geophysical, and geotechnical data should be effective for data sets collected in a similar environment to land-creeping susceptibility area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1964-1969
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• 2021

We developed a Dual-PPACs detector for fast neutron measurements that consists of two sets of PPAC: conventional PPAC and fission PPAC. A²³⁸U(U₃O₈) coating is placed in the fission PPAC's anode, which is used as the neutrons conversion layer. An experiment was performed to measure neutron time-of-flight (TOF) in which ²⁵²Cf spontaneous fission source was used. An excellent time resolution of 164ps has been observed at 6 mbar in isobutene gas. With the excellent time resolution of Dual-PPACs detector, exact neutron energy can be extracted from the timing measurement. The experimental detection efficiency was 1.9 × 10^-7, consistent with the efficiency of 2.5 × 10^-7 given by a Geant4 simulation. Ultimately, the results show that the Dual-PPACs detector is a suitable candidate for measuring fast neutrons in the future CiADS system.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.659-663
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• 2021

반도체 제조공정에서 발생하는 미세먼지와 질소산화물 동시처리를 위하여 오존산화, 습식중화 및 습식전기집진 기술들을 직접화한 10 CMM급 복합오염물질 제거시스템을 개발하였으며, NOx 제거효율 증대를 위한 공정변수 제어 및 최적화를 진행하였다. 특히, 전원공급장치를 포함한 습식전기집진장치 핵심부품 안정성 평가를 위해 30일 동안의 장기운전도 병행하였다. 오존산화 기반 DeNOx 공정에서 가장 중요한 운전변수인 O₃/NO 비율은 1.5 부근에서 최적화하였으며, 습식중화 공정의 운전변수를 최적화하여 중화반응에 의한 제거효율 기여도를 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation using a pentafluorophenyl column of parent drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite, desethylhydroxchloroquine (DHCQ) applying to determine bioequivalence of two different formulations administered to patients. A rapid, simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for bioanalysis of HCQ and its metabolite DHCQ in human whole blood using deuterium derivative $hydroxychloroquine-D_4$ as an internal standard (IS). A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated using electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Sample preparation involves a two-step precipitation of protein techniques. The removed protein blood samples were chromatographed on a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column ($50mm{\times}4.6mm$, $2.6{\mu}m$) with a mobile phase (ammonium formate solution containing dilute formic acid) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 2 - 500 ng/mL for HCQ; 2 - 2,000 ng/mL for DHCQ in spite of lacking a highly sensitive MS spectrometry system. Results of intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within acceptable limits. A run time of 2.2 min for HCQ and 2.03 min for DHCQ in blood sample facilitated the analysis of more than 300 human whole blood samples per day. Taken together, we concluded that the assay developed herein represents a highly qualified technology for the quantification of HCQ in human whole blood for a parallel design bioequivalence study in a healthy male.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권5호
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• pp.603-619
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• 2018

In this research, an effective computational technique is carried out for nonlinear and post-buckling analyses of cracked imperfect composite plates. The laminated plates are assumed to be moderately thick so that the analysis can be carried out based on the first-order shear deformation theory. Geometric non-linearity is introduced in the way of von-Karman assumptions for the strain-displacement equations. The Ritz technique is applied using Legendre polynomials for the primary variable approximations. The crack is modeled by partitioning the entire domain of the plates into several sub-plates and therefore the plate decomposition technique is implemented in this research. The penalty technique is used for imposing the interface continuity between the sub-plates. Different out-of-plane essential boundary conditions such as clamp, simply support or free conditions will be assumed in this research by defining the relevant displacement functions. For in-plane boundary conditions, lateral expansions of the unloaded edges are completely free while the loaded edges are assumed to move straight but restricted to move laterally. With the formulation presented here, the plates can be subjected to biaxial compressive loads, therefore a sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the applied load direction, along the parallel or perpendicular to the crack axis. The integrals of potential energy are numerically computed using Gauss-Lobatto quadrature formulas to get adequate accuracy. Then, the obtained non-linear system of equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Finally, the results are presented to show the influence of crack length, various locations of crack, load direction, boundary conditions and different values of initial imperfection on nonlinear and post-buckling behavior of laminates.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of plywood used as a thermal insulating material for LNG CCS (Liquefied Natural Gas, Cargo Containment System). It is created by bonding an odd number of parallel and perpendicular direction for preventing contraction and expansion of wood. Also plywood is widely used as LNG CCS insulating material because of its durability, light weight and high stiffness. Since LNG CCS is loaded with liquid cargo, the impact load by sloshing during operation and the wide temperature range (room temperature, low temperature, cryogenic temperature) exposed during loading, unloading should be considered. The thickness of the plywood which is used for the membrane type MARKIII was selected as the thickness of the test specimen. In this present study, plywood is analyzed by the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of plywood by temperature and grain direction. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the fracture shape and predict the fracture strain by using regression model because the critical load may cause cracks inside the tank, which may affect the leakage of cryogenic liquid.

• 데이타베이스연구회지:데이타베이스연구
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2018

최근, 대칭형 다중 처리 (SMP: Symmetric Multiprocessing) 구조에서 발생하는 메모리 병목 현상을 보완하기 위하여 비균등 메모리 접근 구조 (NUMA: Non-Uniform Memory Access) 구조가 제시되었다. 또한, 집단 연산자는 데이터의 특성 및 요약 정보를 제공하는 주요 연산자로써, 집단 연산자의 효율성은 전체 시스템의 성능에 매우 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 NUMA 구조에서 효율적으로 집단 연산을 처리할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 분할 단계와 합병 단계로 구성되며, 분할 단계에서 그룹 속성에 따라서 대상 릴레이션을 부분 릴레이션들로 분할한다. 따라서, 각 쓰레드가 독립적으로 부분 릴레이션에 대하여 집단 연산을 수행할 수 있으므로 합병 단계에서 원격 메모리 접속이 발생하지 않도록 하였다. 또한, 합병 단계에서는 각 쓰레드가 지역 해시 테이블을 이용하여 집단 연산을 수행하도록 하고 쓰레드들이 생성한 집단 연산 결과들을 하나로 병합하는데 잠금 경쟁이 발생하지 않도록 하여 처리 성능을 향상하였다.

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Collagen organization within tissues has a critical role in wound regeneration. Collagen fibril diameter, arrangements and maturity between connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and mismatch scrambled siRNA-treated wound were compared to evaluate the efficacy of CTGF siRNA as a future implement for scar preventive medicine. METHODS: Nanocomplexes of CTGF small interfering RNA (CTGF siRNA) with cell penetrating peptides (KALA and $MPG^{{\Delta}NLS}$) were formulated and their effects on CTGF downregulation, collagen fibril diameter and arrangement were investigated. Various ratios of CTGF siRNA and peptide complexes were prepared and down-regulation were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Control and CTGF siRNA modified cells-populated collagen lattices were prepared and rates of contraction measured. Collagen organization in rabbit ear 8 mm biopsy punch wound at 1 day to 8 wks post injury time were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and histology was investigated with Olympus System and TS-Auto software. CONCLUSION: CTGF expression was down-regulated to 40% of control by CTGF siRNA/KALA (1:24) complexes (p<0.01) and collagen lattice contraction was inhibited. However, down-regulated of CTGF by CTGF $siRNA/MPG^{{\Delta}NLS}$ complexes was not statistically significant. CTGF KALA-treated wound appeared with well formed-basket weave pattern of collagen fibrils with mean diameter of $128{\pm}22nm$ (n = 821). Mismatch siRNA/KALA-treated wound showed a high frequency of parallel small diameter fibrils (mean $90{\pm}20nm$, n = 563). CONCLUSION: Controlling over-expression of CTGF by peptide-mediated siRNA delivery could improve the collagen orientation and tissue remodeling in full thickness rabbit ear wound.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2013

To enhance the performance of SEWGS system by holding the WGS catalyst in a SEWGS reactor using bed inserts, effects of insert geometry and shape of WGS catalysts on CO conversion were measured and investigated. Small scale fluidized bed reactor was used as experimental apparatus and WGS catalyst (particle and tablet) and sand were used as bed materials. The parallel wall type and cross type bed inserts were used to hold the WGS catalysts. The CO conversion with steam/CO ratio was determined based on the exit gas analysis. The measured CO conversion using the bed inserts showed high value comparable to physical mixing cases. Moreover, gas flow direction was confirmed by bed pressure drop measurement for each case. Most of input gas flowed through the catalyst side when we charged tablet type catalyst into the bed insert and this can cause low $CO_2$ capture efficiency because the possibility of contact between input gas and $CO_2$ absorbent is low in this case. New bed insert geometry was proposed based on the results from this study to enhance contact between input gas and WGS catalyst and $CO_2$ absorbent.