• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2003

This paper reports the fluid flow and heat transfer around a module cooled by forced air flow generated by a piezoelectric(PZT) cooling fan. A flexible PZT fan with distortion in a fluid transport system of comparatively simple structure which was mounted on a PCB in a parallel-plate channel($450{\times}80{\times}700mm^3$) accelerates surrounding fluid locally. Input voltages of 20-100V and a resonance frequency of 23Hz were used to vibrate the cooling fan. Input power to the module was 4W. The cooling effect using a PZT fan was larger than that of free convection. Fluid flow around the module were visualized by using PIV system. The temperature distribution around heated module were visualized by using liquid crystal film(LCF). We found that the flow type was y-shaped and the cooling effect was increased by the wake generated by a piezoelectric cooling fan.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.303-306
• /
• 2001

STFR were fabricated on the floating membrane which was formed by SOI-micromachining process. The floating membranes having a thickness range of $3{\sim}15{\mu}m$ could be simply formed by micromachining the directly-bonded and thinned SOI substrate. The STFR device fabricated on the $15{\mu}m$-thick membrane showed resonance frequency of fr = 1.65 GHz, coupling coefficient of Keff2 = 2.4 %, and series and parallel quality factors of Qs = 91.7 and Qp = 87.7, respectively.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조명전기설비학회 2003년도 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.311-314
• /
• 2003

In this paper, proposed circuit proposes that Active-Clamp-Circuits basis of a current-fed inverter linked type high frequency resonant dc-dc converter of conventional. and the paper the most of characteristics of the reduced high voltage stress main switches with active clamp circuits and output current constant with the resonant part consists of L, C resonant tank circuit. Also, the capacitor (C$_1$, C$_2$) connected in switches are a common using by resonance capacitor and ZVS capacitor. and circuit analysis used state equation of each part modes. Also we conform a rightfulness theoretical analysis by comparing a parameters values and simulation values obtained from simulation using Power MOS-FET as switching devices.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2005

A contactless recharging device for totally implantable middle ear systems has been designed as a pillow type that the user can recharge the implanted battery with taking a rest. The proposed device uses the electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. To supply sufficient power for the implanted circuits, each coil uses LC resonance and the implanted device uses voltage doubler. A power MOSFET is used for switching the DC voltage of LC parallel circuit and the switching frequency demands on a programmable frequency generator which is controlled by microcontroller. In order to improve the electromagnetic coupling efficiency at specific positions of coil which may vary with the displacement of head, the optimal location of receiving coil was studied, and the 5 transmitting coils in a pillow for recharging the implant module was designed. From such a recharging experiment, it was found that the proposed device could provide the sufficient operating voltage within the distance of 4 cm between pillow and the implanted device.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 2005

New classes of LC resonators for micro magnetic sensor device were proposed and fabricated. The first type LC resonator (Type I) consists of a small piece of microwire and two cylindrical electrodes at the end of the microwire without direct contact to its ferromagnetic core. In type I resonator the ferromagnetic core of the microwire and cylindrical electrodes act as an inductor and two capacitors respectively to form a LC circuit. The second type LC resonator (Type II) consists of a solenoidal micro-inductor with a bundle of soft magnetic microwires as a core. The solenoidal micro-inductors fabricated by MEMS technique were $500\sim1,000\;\mu{m}$ in length with $10\sim20$ turns. A capacitor is connected in parallel to the micro-inductor to form a LC circuit. A tiny glass coated $CO_{83.2}B_{3.3}Si_{5.9}Mn_{7.6}$ microwire was fabricated by a glass-coated melt spinning technique. A supergiant magneto-impedance effect was found in a type I resonator as much as 400,000% by precise tuning frequency at around 518.51 MHz. In type II resonator the changes of inductance as a function of external magnetic field in micro-inductors with properly annealed microwire cores were varied as much as 370%. The phase angle between current and voltage was also strongly dependent on the magnetic field. The drastic increments of magnetoimpedance at near the resonance frequency were observed in both types of LC resonators. Accordingly, the sudden change of the phase angle, as large as $180^{\circ}C$, evidenced the occurrence of the resonance at a given external magnetic field.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2008

To investigate the 3-bond connectivity of human brain metabolites by scalar coupling interaction through 2D-correlation spectroscopy (COSY) techniques using high field NMR spectroscopy. All NMR experiments were performed at 298K on Unity Inova 500 or 600 (Varian Inc.) equipped with a triple resonance probe head with z-shield gradient. Human brain metabolites were prepared with 10% $D_2O$. Two dimensional 2D COSY spectra were acquired with 4096 complex data points in $t_2$ and 128 or 256 increments in $t_1$ dimension. The spectral width was 9615.4 Hz and solvent suppression was achieved using presaturation using low power irradiation of the water resonance during 2s of relaxation delay. NMR data were processed using VNMRJ (Varian Instrument) software and all the chemical shifts were referenced to the methyl resonance of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) peak at 2.0 ppm. Total 10 metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), myo-inositol (Ins), lactate (Lac), taurine (Tau), ${\gamma}$-aminobutyricacid (GABA), alanine (Ala) were included for major target metabolites. Symmetrical 2D-COSY spectra were successfully acquired. Total 14 COSY cross peaks were observed even though there were parallel/orthogonal noisy peaks induced by water suppression. Except for Cr, all of human brain metabolites produced COSY cross peaks. The spectra of NAA methyl proton at 2.02 ppm and Glu methylene proton ($CH_2(3)$) at 2.11 ppm and Gln methylene proton ($CH_2(3)$) at 2.14 ppm were overlapped in the similar resonance frequency between 2.00 ppm and 2.15 ppm. The present study demonstrated that in vitro 2D-COSY represented the 3-bond connectivity of human brain metabolites by scalar coupling interaction. This study could aid in better understanding the interactions between human brain metabolites in vivo 2D-COSY study. Also it would be helpful to determine the molecular stereochemistry in vivo by using two-dimensional MR spectroscopy.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 직접결합에 의한 저 위상잡음 유전체 공진기 설계를 위하여, 고유전율의 유전체 공진기와 마이크로스트립선로 사이의 결합계수에 대해 분석하였으며, 고유전율로 인한 Q값의 보완을 위한 병렬궤환 회로 적용한 유전체 공진 발진기의 위상잡음을 분석하였다. 유전체 공진기의 위상잡음 분석과 결합계수의 분석을 통하여 고안정 유전체 공진 발진기를 최적화 설계한 결과 20.25GHz 유전체 공진 발진기의 ${\epsilon}_r$=30인 유전체 공진기를 사용한 경우 결합계수가 약 3.6의 값을 나타낼 때 20.25GHz에서 위상잡음은 -84.3dBc/Hz@1KHz를 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 K-Band 에서도 주파수 체배 방식에 의한 위상잡음 손실을 방지하는 직접결합 설계 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 2008

숏크리트는 터널에서 사용되는 중요한 지보재이다. 숏크리트와 암반의 접착상태는 터널의 안정성 및 사용성에 큰 영향을 끼치는 중요한 평가 요소이다. NATM공법을 이용한 터널 굴착시 굴착면 빛 벤치부에서 발파에 의해 숏크리트가 부착력을 잃고 암반으로부터 탈락되거나 공동이 형성되는 경우 숏크리트 자체의 파괴뿐만 아니라 터널의 전체적인 안정에도 악영향을 미친다. 숏크리트의 접착상태는 완전 접착, 접착력 상실, 그리고 공동으로 분류할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비파괴 시험인 충격반향기법(Impact-Echo)을 이용하여 숏크기트와 암반의 접착상태를 평가하고자 하였다. 범용 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 충격반향시험에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석으로부터 획득된 신호를 시간영역, 주파수 영역 및 시간-주파수 영역에서 각각 해석하여 숏크리트와 암반의 접착상태에 따른 신호특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 능동적 신호 처리 기법인 Short-Time Fourier Transform(STFT)을 이용하여 숏크리트 배면의 접착상태를 효과적으로 예측할 수 있었다. 숏크리트 배면의 접착상태가 불량할수록 시간영역 신호의 최대 진폭 이후 첫 진폭이 커지며, 주파수 영역에서 최대 에너지가 커진다. 또한 뚜렷한 공진 주파수가 나타나므로 숏크리트의 두께의 역산이 가능해진다. 시간-주파수 영역에서 윤곽선은 시간축에 평행한 형상을 나타낸다. 또한 완전 접착조건에서 지반 종류에 따른 신호특성도 분석하였다. 지반조건이 불량할수록 시간-주파수 영역에서 시간축과 평행한 윤곽선의 길이가 길어지며 그 주파수 대역은 10 kHz 이하의 저주파수 영역에서 나타난다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.514-524
• /
• 2016

This work suggests a study on 5 kW plasma power supply design and reactor capacitance estimation algorithm for a wide range of linear output control to operate a plasma reactor. The suggested study is designed to use a two-stage circuit and control the full-bridge circuit of the two-stage circuit using the buck converter output voltage of the single-stage circuit. The switching frequency of the full-bridge circuit is designed to operate through high-frequency switching and obtain maximum output using LC parallel resonance. Soft switching technique(ZVS) is used to reduce the loss caused by high-frequency switching, and duty control of the buck converter is applied to control a wide range of linear output. The internal capacitance of the reactor cannot easily be extracted, and thus, the reactor cannot be operated in an optimized resonant state. To address this issue, this work designs the internal capacitance of the reactor such that estimations can be performed with the developed reactor capacitance estimation algorithm applied to the internal capacitance of the reactor. A 5 kW plasma power supply is designed for a wide range of linear output control, and the validity of the study on the reactor capacitance estimation algorithm is verified.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제9권12호
• /
• pp.1263-1269
• /
• 1999

본 실험에서는 반사층(reflector)을 이용한 FBAR (Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator) 즉, SMR (Solidly Mounted Resonator) 제조에 필요한 재료들의 최적 증착 조건을 설정하여, 이를 바탕으로 제조한 SMR의 특성을 보여주었다. SMR은 상하부 전극층, 압전 박막층, 반사층, 기판으로 구성된다. 상하부 전극으로 알루미늄(Al) 금속 박막을 사용하였고 압전 박막층으로 산화아연(ZnO) 박막을 사용하였다. 실리콘(Si) 기판과 하부 전극 사이에 위치하는 반사층은 5층의 이산화규소 ($Si_2$)와 텅스텐(W) 박막으로 구성되었다. 상하부 전극은 dc 스퍼터링 방법으로 증착아였으며 반사층과 압전 박막층은 rf 스퍼터링 방법으로 증착하였다. 최적 증착 조건에서 증착된 산화아연 (ZnO) 박막은 rocking curve에서 표준편차가 $2.17^{\circ}$의 우수한 c축 우선배향성, 비저항은 $10^4\;{\Omega}cm$이상, 막 표면 거칠기(rms roughness)는 10.6${\AA}$의 특성을 나타내었다. 최적 증착 조건에서 증착된 텅스텐(W)과 이산화규소($Si_2$) 박막의 특성은 박막 거칠기 (rms roughness)가 각각 16 ${\AA}$, 33 ${\AA}$을 나타내었다. 또한 증착된 알루미늄 금속 박막의 비저항은 $5.1{\times}10^{-6}\;{\Omega}cm$이었다. 반도체 기본 공정을 이용하여 면적 $250{\times}250\;{\mu}m^2$의 SMR 소자를 만들고, 네트웍 분석기로 SMR 소자의 공진 특성을 분석하였다. 공진특성은 1.244 GHz에서 직렬공진, 1.251 GHz에서 병렬공진을 나타내었다. SMR 소자의 공진특성에서 공진기의 Q값은 1200이었다.