• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.697-712
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• 2017

In recent years, film and animation for cinematic release have embraced stereoscopic vision and the three-dimensional depth it creates for the viewer. The maturation of consumer-level virtual reality (VR) technology simultaneously spurred a wave of media productions set within 3D space, ranging from computer games to pornographic videos, to Academy Award-nominated animated VR short film Pearl. All of these works rely on stereoscopic fusion through stereopsis, that is, the perception of depth produced by the brain from left and right images with the amount of binocular parallax that corresponds to our eyes. They aim to emulate normal human vision. Within more experimental practices however, a fully rendered 3D space might not always be desirable. In my own abstract animation work, I tend to favour 2D flatness and the relative obfuscation of spatial relations it affords, as this underlines the visual abstraction I am pursuing. Not being able to immediately understand what is in front and what is behind can strengthen the desired effects. In 2015, Jeffrey Shaw challenged me to create a stereoscopic work for Animamix Biennale 2015-16, which he co-curated. This prompted me to question how stereoscopy, rather than hyper-defining space within three dimensions, might itself be used to achieve a confusion of spatial perception. And in turn, how abstract and experimental moving image practices can benefit from stereoscopy to open up new visual and narrative opportunities, if used in ways that break with, or go beyond stereoscopic fusion. Noteworthy works which exemplify a range of non-traditional, expanded approaches to binocular vision will be discussed below, followed by a brief introduction of the stereoscopic animation loop III=III which I created for Animamix Biennale. The techniques employed in these works might serve as a toolkit for artists interested in exploring a more experimental, expanded engagement with stereoscopy.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.79-93
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• 2019

This study analyzed the information effect of KOSPI200 market and KOSPI200 futures market and volume synchronized probability of informed trading (VPIN). The data period is 760 days from July 8, 2015 to August 9, 2018, and the intraday trading data is used based on the trading period of the KOSPI 200 Index. The findings of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of regression analysis of the same parallax, when the level of VPIN is high, the return and volatility of KOSPI200 are high. Second, the KOSPI200 returns before and after the VPIN measurement and the return of the KOSPI200 future had a positive relationship with the VPIN. The cumulative returns of KOSPI200 futures were positive for about 15 minutes.Finally, we find that portfolios with high levels of VPIN showed high KOSPI200 and KOSPI200 futures return. These results confirmed the applicability of VPIN as a trading strategy index. The above results suggest that KOSPI200 and KOSPI200 futures markets will be able to explore volatility and price changes, and also be useful indicators of financial market risk.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

The KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT)-2 has a capability to provide a cross-track stereo imagery using two different orbits for generating various spatial information. However, in order to fully realize the potential of the KOMPSAT-2 stereo imagery in terms of mapping, various tests are necessary. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of mapping using the KOMPSAT-2 stereo imagery. For this, digital plotting was conducted based on the stereoscopic images. Also the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and an ortho-image were generated using digital plotting results. An accuracy of digital plotting, DEM, and ortho-image were evaluated by comparing with the existing data. Consequently, we found that horizontal and vertical error of the modeling results based on the Rational Polynomial Coefficient(RPC) was less than 1.5 meters compared with the Global Positioning System(GPS) survey results. The maximum difference of vertical direction between the plotted results in this study and the existing digital map on the scale of 1/5,000 was more than 5 meters according as the topographical characteristics. Although there were some irregular parallax on the images, we realized that it was possible to interpret and plot at least seventy percent of the layer which was required the digital map on the scale of 1/5,000. Also an accuracy of DEM, which was generated based on the digital plotting, was compared with the existing LiDAR DEM. We found that the ortho-images, which were generated using the extracted DEM in this study, sufficiently satisfied with the requirement of the geometric accuracy for an ortho-image map on the scale of 1/5,000.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.393-406
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• 2014

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is intrinsically domain/topic-specific knowledge for teachers' expertise. On the basis of this idea about PCK, we investigated in-service science teachers' topic-specific PCK on the unit of stars and universe in terms of teachers' knowledge and practices. We observed four middle school science teachers' classes for eighth graders, and took the videos of the classes. The topics of the classes covered constellation, annual parallax and the distance of stars, and the expansion of the universe. We also examined the teachers' pedagogical thinking through video stimulated recall interviews. In addition, we developed a protocol to analyze the levels of participant teachers' PCK and the characteristics revealed in their classes on each topic. Results of the study showed that the participant teachers' level of PCK varied across the topics of classes and the sub-components of PCK. We also identified teaching orientations played key roles in shaping overall characteristics of their PCK. Moreover, astronomical thinking such as spatial thinking and system thinking, was not appropriately embedded as the specific practices into the astronomical concepts in their instructions. We discussed the implications on the progressions of teachers' PCK in terms of their professional development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.599-609
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• 2008

Development of computer and electronic technology leads innovative progress in spatial informatics and successful commercialization. Geospatial information technology plays an important role in decision making in various applications. However, information display media are two-dimensional plane that limits visual perception. Understanding human visual processing mechanism to percept stereo vision makes possible to implement three-dimensional stereo image display. This paper proposes on-the-fly stereo image generation methods that are involved with various exterior and camera parameters including exposure station, viewing direction, image size, overlap and focal length. Collinearity equations and parameters related with stereo viewing conditions were solved to generate realisitc stereo imagery. In addition stereo flying simulation scenery was generated with different viewing locations and directions. The stereo viewing is based on the parallax principle of two veiwing locations. This study implemented anaglyphic stereogram, polarization and lenticular stereo display methods. Existing display technology has limitation to provide visual information of three-dimensional and dynamic nature of the real world because the 3D spatial information is projected into 2D plane. Therefore, stereo display methods developed in this study improves geospatial information and applications of GIS by realistic stereo visualization.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1035-1052
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• 2019

Recently, as the demand for immersive videos increases, efficient video processing techniques for omnidirectional immersive video is actively developed by MPEG-I. While the omnidirectional video provides a larger degree of freedom for a free viewpoint, the size of the video increases significantly. Furthermore, in order to compress 6 degree-of-freedom (6 DoF) videos that support motion parallax, it is required to develop a codec to yield better coding efficiency. In this paper, we develop a 6 DoF codec using Versatile Video Coding (VVC) as the next generation video coding standard. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first VVC-based 6 DoF video codec toward the future ISO/IEC 23090 Part 7 (Metadata for Immersive Media (Video)) MPEG-I standardization. The experiments were conducted on the seven test video sequences specified in Common Test Condition (CTC) in two operation modes of TMIV (Test Model for Immersive Media) software. It is demonstrated that the proposed codec improves coding performance around 33.8% BD-rate reduction in the MIV (Metadata for Immersive Video) mode and 30.2% BD-rate reduction in the MIV view mode as compared to the state-of-the-art TMIV reference software. We also show the performance comparisons using Immersive Video PSNR (IV-PSNR) and Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.267-277
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• 2019

Photogrammetry and computer vision are identical in determining the three-dimensional coordinates of images taken with a camera, but the two fields are not directly compatible with each other due to differences in camera lens distortion modeling methods and camera coordinate systems. In general, data processing of drone images is performed by bundle block adjustments using computer vision-based software, and then the plotting of the image is performed by photogrammetry-based software for mapping. In this case, we are faced with the problem of converting the model of camera lens distortions into the formula used in photogrammetry. Therefore, this study described the differences between the coordinate systems and lens distortion models used in photogrammetry and computer vision, and proposed a methodology for converting them. In order to verify the conversion formula of the camera lens distortion models, first, lens distortions were added to the virtual coordinates without lens distortions by using the computer vision-based lens distortion models. Then, the distortion coefficients were determined using photogrammetry-based lens distortion models, and the lens distortions were removed from the photo coordinates and compared with the virtual coordinates without the original distortions. The results showed that the root mean square distance was good within 0.5 pixels. In addition, epipolar images were generated to determine the accuracy by applying lens distortion coefficients for photogrammetry. The calculated root mean square error of y-parallax was found to be within 0.3 pixels.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-227
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• 2022

The MPEG-I (Immersive) group is working on a standardization project for immersive video that provides 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF). The MPEG Immersion Video (MIV) standard technology is intended to provide limited 6DoF based on depth map-based image rendering (DIBR) technique. Many efficient coding methods have been suggested for MIV, but efficient transmission strategies have received little attention in MPEG-I. This paper proposes group-based adaptive rendering method for immersive video streaming. Each group can be transmitted independently using group-based encoding, enabling adaptive transmission depending on the user's viewport. In the rendering process, the proposed method derives weights of group for view synthesis and allocate high quality bitstream according to a given viewport. The proposed method is implemented through the Test Model for Immersive Video (TMIV) test model. The proposed method demonstrates 17.0% Bjontegaard-delta rate (BD-rate) savings on the peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and 14.6% on the Immersive Video PSNR(IV-PSNR) in terms of various end-to-end evaluation metrics in the experiment.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.123-130
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• 2022

We present the analysis of a planetary microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-0362 with a shortduration anomaly (~0.4 days) near the peak of the light curve, which is caused by the resonant caustic. The event has a severe degeneracy with ∆𝜒² = 0.9 between the close and the wide binary lens models both with planet-host mass ratio q ≃ 0.007. We measure the angular Einstein radius but not the microlens parallax, and thus we perform a Bayesian analysis to estimate the physical parameters of the lens. We find that the OGLE-2019-BLG-0362L system is a super-Jovian-mass planet $M_p=3.26^{+0.83}_{-0.58}M_J $ orbiting an M dwarf $M_h=0.42^{+0.34}_{-0.23}M_{\odot}$ at a distance $D_L=5.83^{+1.04}_{-1.55}kpc$. The projected star-planet separation is ${\alpha}_{\bot}= 2.18^{+0.58}_{-0.72}AU$, which indicates that the planet lies beyond the snow line of the host star.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.203-211
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• 2020

This study is a similar experimental study using parallax design before and after the non-equality control group conducted to investigate the effects of the Mental health guardian program for mentally disabled people on the awareness of rights, empowerment, and resilience of mentally disabled people. The mentally handicapped persons who participated in the mental health guardian program were significantly higher in the awareness of the rights of the handicapped compared to the mentally handicapped persons who did not participate. In terms of empowerment, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In terms of resilience, the experimental group significantly increased compared to the control group. Among the sub-areas of resilience, excluding spirituality, difficulty overcoming, self-competence, learning and self-financing, basic functions, overall life satisfaction, new potential, advocacy and fullness all significantly increased. It has been shown to be effective in increasing the resilience of the disabled. In this study, the reason why mental health guardian program is effective for awareness of rights and resilience is not a one-way education, but a participatory curriculum in which a person with mental disabilities who participated in the education finds and corrects the wrong news and creates a card news again. It seems to be because it did. As a result of this study, it seems that the mental health guardian program has contributed to enhancing the recognition of the rights of the mentally impaired and enhancing resilience.