• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

In order to improve filler-fiber bonding in paper, starch-filler composites were prepared by a starch-fatty acid complex formation method. These composites were used as a papermaking filler to improve the physical properties of the paper, filler retention and the sizing effect. The solubility of the starch-fatty acid complex in water at different temperatures was measured. The results indicated that the starch-fatty acid complexes have very low solubility in water below $70^{\circ}C$, which can be easily coated on clay surface to modify clay-fiber bonding ability. The clay-starch composite filled handsheets showed that paper strength could increase more than $100{\sim}200%$ compared to untreated clay. It was found that ZDT of the handsheet decreased as the clay content increased when unmodified clay was used, but it increased when the starch-fatty acid composite modified filler was used. It was also found that the presence of fatty acide in the complex increased the water-repellant property of the handsheet, which can be used to aid in sizing during papermaking. Filler distribution and bonding characteristics between the composite and fiber were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

Wastewoods (logging residues) generated in Korea were used to make lignocellulosic fillers for papermaking. Lignocellulosic fillers could play great roles to increase retention efficiency and thus decrease turbidity of white water in papermaking process. In addition, lignocellulosic fillers could be used to improve physical properties of paper through their high affinity to cellulosic fibers, leading to the less use of chemical additives like retention aids. Wastewoods including Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis were chemically and mechanically treated for making fine particles passing through 100 mesh wire. The newly generated fillers showed larger particle size distribution than ground calcium carbonates but similar distribution to talc. In particular, pretreatment by hot water was more effective to generate smaller particle size than by alkali treatment. Lignocellulosic particles mixed with ground calcium carbonates under intense hybridizing condition greatly contributed to surface coverage of organic fillers in addition to filling to lumen and pits.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

It is important to utilize the citrus sludge in terms of the reuse of waste materials in the manufacture of corrugated medium. Especially, the mandarin industry occupies the first place in Jeju province. In this paper, the application of citrus sludge mixed with KOCC recycled fibers into the manufacture of corrugated medium was studied. The citrus sludge was acidic in pH value. Also, the constituents of citrus sludge contain some short fibers, fines, and mucus which contain flavonoids, pectins and so on. In papermaking application, these components cause some troubles like foams, bad smell, fouling on the paper machine, and bad drainage and web breaks of wet web. The strength properties of handsheets prepared from KOCC and citrus sludge was decreased, compare to handsheets made of only KOCC. To compensate the problems on strength properties, some kinds of additives were tried to apply into papermaking wet-end system in laboratory scale. As a result, mixing conditions of alum, starch and anionic additives showed the best options in the recovery of strength properties and formations of corrugated medium.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

The enrichment with nutrients in rivers and lakes becomes serious problems in Korea. As the environmental friendly solution, the phytoremediation are getting more attention and the water hyacinth could be a strong candidate plant for this. Water hyacinth is a free floating freshwater plant proven to be a effective plant used for a purification of a polluted lakes, sewage wastewater, and livestock wastewater. The biggest obstacles for application of water hyacinth in Korea could be the disposal of the water hyacinth before winter, because there is no feasible use for the water hyacinth until now. In this study, the characteristics of water hyacinth were deeply investigated for providing background data to develop appropriate application of the water hyacinth. The water hyacinth was fractioned three parts, leaf, air blader, root of which morphological properties were evaluated with microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The water contents of each parts of the water hyacinth were 87% for leaf, 96.5% for air bladder, 94.6% for root. The chemical compositions of each parts were also measured and showed around 29% of hot water extract in leaf and air bladder, 42% holocellulose for leaf, 47% holocellulose for air bladder. The application of water hyacinth biomass without root parts to papermaking provided bulkier structure, but the tensile strength was decreased.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 1998

Exploitation of the papermaking technology to reduce the strength loss that accompanies when using recycled papers as raw materials for papermaking is one of the most important issues imposed upon today's paper industry. Multi-layer sheet forming technology has been suggested as a way that provides some answers to this issue. In this study strength properties of single- and two-layer handsheets formed with recycled fiber and unbleached softwood kraft pulp have been examined to quantify the benefits when using two-layer sheet forming technology rather than a conventional single layer sheet forming precess. Single- and two-layer handsheets were made from 50% of OCC and 50% of Sw-UKP and their strength properties were evaluated. Also the strength properties made from Sw-UKP and OCC sheets were determined. A multihead, which can be attached on the top of hand- sheet former, was used to form two-layer sheets. Maximum strength properties could be obtained in the freeness range of 500∼300mL CSF for Sw-UKP Most of the strength properties was reduced by 30∼35% when 50% OCC was blended with UKP. Decrease of strength properties, however, could be reduced by employing a two-layer sheet forming method. Creator strengths could be obtained when UKP was positioned at the top layer of two layered sheets indicating greater UKP fines retention due to the filtration effect of the OCC layer formed prior to UKP layer contributed the strength improvement. Two-layer sheet showed lower Scott internal bond strength than single layer sheet. By incorporating some of UKP fibers into OCC layer this reduction could be reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1992

The acetylation of papermaking pulp fiber(SwBKP, SwUKP, HwBKP and HwBCTMF) is carried out to modify the characteristics of pulp and paper. The effects of the addition of acetylated pulp on the filler retention and paper properties were investigated. The acetylation depended upon pulp type and the content of short fiber and fines. The addition of acetylated SwBKP did not deteriorate the retention of clay, talc and calcium carbonate, while the retention of titanium dioxide was increased with the addition of 20% and above. The brightness opacity, air permeability and tear strength were improved, but water resistance, burst strength and folding endurance were decreased by the addition of acetylated SwBKP and SwUKP. The tensile strength of SwBKP was increased until 20% of acetylated pulp is added, and then decreased. The tensile strength of SwUKP, however, was not changed until the acetylated pulp of 25% is added. The dimensional stability was improved by the addition of acetylated pulp and showed the different response to SwBKP and SwUKP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.153-159
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• 2006

Red algae were used to make bleached pulp, from which paper handsheet samples were made. Red algae consists of rhizoidal filaments, epidermal tissues whose color were reddish, mucous carbohydrates, and other minor elements. Rhizoidal filaments of high brightness were obtained after extracting out mucous carbohydrates, and bleaching the remainder by using bleaching chemicals. The sizes and shapes of several rhizoidal filaments (or red algae pulp) from different red algae species were examined, and their handsheet properties were compared. Transparent and transluscent high density paper samples were made without applying refining process from the red algae pulp. White paper samples with good printability and excellent formation were made. We are developing pilot scale pulping and papermaking facilities at this time.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2001

The effects of enzymatic treatment of recycled fiber were investigated to obtain the basic informations which can be used to improve the papermaking properties of recycled fiber. The recycled fibers were prepared by the repeated handsheet making and disintegrating of hardwood of hardwood and softwood kraft pulp. Novozym 342, Dinimax and Pulpzyme HC were used for enzymatic treatment. The change of fiber length distribution, freeness, contact angle and crystallinity of pulp were measured. The brightness, opacity, breaking and tear index of paper were also measured. The enzymatic treatment decreased long fiber fraction of recycled hardwood fiber, but increased long fiber fraction of recycled softwood fiber. Freeness was decreased with 0.1% enzyme and then increased again with the increase of th enzyme dosage. The improvement of flexibility of recycled fiber was obtained through the decrease of contact angle that is resulted from the decrease of crystallinity of fiber. Brightness and opacity were affected by the type of pulp and enzyme, and dosage of enzyme. Breaking length of recycled hardwood fiber was improved with enzyme treatment, but breaking length of recycled softwood fiber was decreased except for 0.01% Pulpzyme treatment. Tear index was decreased with enzymatic treatment and the lowest decrease was observed with the treatment to Pulpzyme.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

The application of the dispersant is indispensable to the manufacture of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). However the mucilage of which extracted from Abelmoschus manihot root has viscosity drop problem in summertime and synthetic dispersant such as polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO) have some problems that under the influence of the quality of. water, cohesion, and bad solubility. This study was carried out not only to develop new natural dispersant that can solve such problems but also to investigate the viscosity and papermaking characteristics of Hydrangea paniculata mucilage. There were no viscosity changes between control and treated mucilage that adjusted to pH 9, heated 6 hours at 40 $^{\circ}C$, and stored heating treatment one for a week at 5 $^{\circ}C$. The treatment of mucilage that adjusted to pH 9 and aged for 120 hours at 4$0^{\circ}C$ resulted in viscosity drop. In the hydrolysis of mucilage, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid contents were decreased by heating and pH adjusting treatments. Wet web stripping quality and physical properties of Korean traditional paper, which used Hydrangea paniculatamucilage were same or superior to the Abelmoschus manihot root.