• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2000

This study was measured weight loss, total ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content to investigate the effect of EPS(expanded polystyrene foam) box, LDPE film pouches and double wall corrugated fiberboard box during storage at $20^{\circ}C$. Weight loss of apple packed with corrugated paperboard box after 40 days storage was 5.7%, and those of LDPE, CE film and EPS box were 0.2-0.5%. Ascorbic acid content of apple packed with LDPE, CE, EPS was higher than that of control. Titratable acidity and total soluble solid content of control were changed 40% and 10%, and the EPS were changed 27% and 4%, respectively. Overall appearances of 'Fuji' apple packed with LDFE, CE and EPS were better than that of control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

Distribution status and economic analysis of packed radish in Korean markets(Chunbuk and Kangwon in producing area and Taebaek, Kyunggi, and Cheongyang for comparing tile quality) from November, 1999 to April, 2000 was surveyed. Distribution method and marketing of radish was different by producing areas and shipping methods. Quality of radish in the areas had a great difference, and especially standard deviation of volume of radish of Taebaek was highest. The packaging of radish was almost not, and in case of pack, corrugated paperboard was used as packaging material of outer packages. Non-packed radish in economic analysis was more economic than packed radish.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.33-55
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• 2007

This article portrays special cellulose fibers, which are designed to be a functional additive and a carrier for papermaking chemicals. The first part of the presentation deals with the micronized $ARBOCEL^{(R)}$ cellulose fibers, which are used as a functional paper/paperboard additive. In particular as a bulk and speed aid. The detailed description of the micronized $ARBOCEL^{(R)}$ fibers, their function and effects on papermaking process and paper products are given. The second part of the study describes the concept of fiber-based papermaking chemicals. A new generation of fiber-based papermaking chemicals were presented for the first time at the PTS Pulp Technology Symposium 2005, and then several articles were published in various magazine in Asia ("Paper Asia"), the US ("Pulp & Paper"). and Europe ("Wochenblatt fuel Papierfabrikation"). The information generated quite an interest in the paper industry. Extensive studies of these papermaking additives have been made recently, new information obtained, and the compounds have gained more recognition in the industry. The company J. Rettenmaier und Soehne developed a group of fiber-based papermaking additives. They include combination of fibers with sizing agents, starch, fluorochemicals, minerals, biocides and some others. This article presents in-depth study of the AKD modified micronized cellulose as an example of the fiber-based papermaking chemicals concept. The material of the present paper is based mostly on the results of the pilot paper machine study at the Paper Research Institute PTS (Heidenau, Germany), and includes case studies from the mills, which used $ARBOCELPLUS^{(R)}-AKD$ compounds. It should be noted that the $ARBOCELPLUS^{(R)}$ compounds were not designed to replace traditional additives in paper industry. They should rather be used in those areas, where application of "normal" chemicals is especially problematic

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

Ethylene gas is a natural hormone that directly affects the freshness of agricultural products, so it is very important for the maintenance of freshness to remove ethylene gas from corrugated board boxes. Many methods for the removal of this and other gases have been reported. In this study, the utilization of an absorbent using activated carbon was adopted for the removal of ethylene gas from a corrugated board box. Activated carbon powders were prepared by grinding in a laboratory and were used to treat the surface and to laminate paperboards with a starch solution. The ethylene gas absorption was evaluated by using a gas chromatography to measure the residual ethylene gas concentration. About 60% of the ethylene gas was absorbed by the activated carbon itself. However, the paperboards that were surface-treated and laminated with starch and activated carbon showed lower than 20% ethylene gas absorption. This was because the starch and smaller particles of activated carbon blocked the surface pores of activated carbon particles. Therefore, either the use of the binders must be minimized for the surface treatment of paperboards, or activated carbon packs can be used as absorbents in corrugated boxes.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to research the regulation of durability standard of underground structures monitoring sensors. The durability criteria for construction monitoring sensors of domestic construction companies, the standard years of contents such as buildings on the income tax implementation regulations, and the standards of the Public Procurement Service for construction monitoring and construction machinery were analyzed. The durability criterion on products such as the inclination meter and the strain gauge, which are purchased from the Public Procurement Service prior to installation on the underground structure, is 8 to 10 years. It is considered that the monitoring sensor installed in the paperboard and the concrete structure at the time of construction will have considerably shortened service life rather than the useful life of the product itself due to various adverse factors such as groundwater influence and compaction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

Top-to-bottom compression strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes is partly dependent on the load-carrying ability of the central panel areas. The ability of these central areas to resist bending under load will increase the stacking strength of the box. The difference of box compression strengths, among boxes which are made with identical dimensions and fabricated with same components but different flute sizes, is primarily due to difference of the flexural stiffness of the box panels. Top-to-bottom compression strength of a box is accurately predicted by flexural stiffness measurements and the edge crush test of the combined boards. This study was rallied out to analyze the flexural stiffness, maximum bending force and maximum deflection for various corrugated fiber-boards by experimental investigation. There were significant differences between the machine direction (MD) and the cross-machine direction (CD) of corrugated fiberboards tested. It was about 50% in SW and DW, and $62%{\sim}74%$ in dual-medium corrugated fiberboards(e.g. DM, DMA and DMB), respectively. There were no significant differences of maximum deflection in machine direction among the tested fiberboards but, in cross direction, DM showed the highest value and followed by SW, DMA, DMB and DW in order. For the corrugated fiberboards tested, flexural stiffness in machine direction is about $29%{\sim}48%$ larger than cross direction, and difference of flexural stiffness between the two direction is the lowest in DMA and DMB.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the physical properties of powders made from agricultural byproducts, including rice straw, peanut husks, and garlic stems, to manufacture a new organic filler used for making paperboard. These materials were collected individually, and then we measured their chemical compositions. The byproducts were ground with a laboratory grinder and fractionated with 60-, 100-, and 200-mesh sieves to make many grades of organic fillers. After the grinding and fractionation, the yield, mean particle size, and particle size distribution of each grade were measured. Particle shapes were also investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The organic filler made from rice straw had the highest yield of the largest particle size group and higher contents of cellulose and hemicellulose than those made from peanut husks and garlic stems. The rice straw also showed more regular particle shapes and a lower aspect ratio than the other agricultural byproducts.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.72-79
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• 2000

On the other hand, the fiber orientation at the surface and middle layer of the sheet controls the bending stiffness of paperboard. Therefore, a reliable measurement of paper surface fiber orientation gives us a magnificent tool to investigate and predict paper curling and cockling tendency, and provides the necessary information to fine-tune the manufacturing process for optimum quality. Many papers, especially heavily calendered and coated grades, do resist liquid and gas penetration very much, being beyond the measurement range of the traditional instruments or resulting inconveniently long measuring time per sample. The increased surface hardness and use of filler minerals and mechanical pulp make a reliable, non-leaking sample contact to the measurement head a challenge of its own. Paper surface coating causes, as expected, a layer which has completely different permeability characteristics compared to the other layers of the sheet. The latest developments in sensor technologies have made it possible to reliably measure gas flow n well controlled conditions, allowing us to investigate the gas penetration of open structures, such as cigarette paper, tissue or sack paper, and in the low permeability range analyze even fully greaseproof papers, silicon papers, heavily coated papers and boards or even detect defects in barrier coatings! Even nitrogen or helium may be used as the gas, giving us completely new possibilities to rank the products or to find correlation to critical process or converting parameters. All the modern paper machines include many on-line measuring instruments which are used to give the necessary information for automatic process control systems. Hence, the reliability of this information obtained from different sensors is vital for good optimizing and process stability. If any of these on-line sensors do not operate perfectly as planned (having even small measurement error or malfunction), the process control will set the machine to operate away from the optimum, resulting loss of profit or eventual problems in quality or runnability. To assure optimum operation of the paper machines, a novel quality assurance policy for the on-line measurements has been developed, including control procedures utilizing traceable, accredited standards for the best reliability and performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.917-920
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• 2004

The migration potential of volatile organic solvents widely employed in the printing process of food packaging was investigated by using a closed experimental system, which contained a food sample and a paper sheet spiked with the contaminant solvents. The studied organic compounds included toluene and p,m,o-xylene which are relatively highly volatile. Typical food samples of caramel, beef jerky and butter were selected based on their chemical composition and were assigned to the migration system at 10, 25 and 4$0^{\circ}C$. The equilibrated migration level was very high with almost complete transfer in the butter with high fat, while caramel of high carbohydrate content and beef jerky of high protein showed migration degree of 37∼56% and 37∼77%, respectively. Temperature did significantly influence the migration on beef jerky with higher level at higher temperature. There was no difference in the migration level among the solvents.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.402-405
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• 1999

Pusan, Kwanagju, Yangjae Floriculture Auction Market to packaging and distribution status of cut flowers in Korean markets from October, 1997 to Feburuary, 1998 this study was surveyed. In case of packaging, the inner packaging materials was used almost used news papers and polyethylene films, the outer box was double wall corrugated paperboard box. Plastic container box was a few. The using shape of box was A-1 type, bending materials was PP film and OPP tape. There was whole sale and retail in all Korean markets in case of distribution. The distribution route was three, the one was farmers through consignments in Seoul to consummers, it was 42% of total distribution volume. The other was auction market in Yangjae, the distribution volume was 18%. The last was distributed in farmers and provincial markets by the dealers, the volume was 40%. All farmers and officers want to applicate the standard regulation of packaging box, but dealers were not.