• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

Due to recent scientific innovations in mulberry cultivation, leaf yield has been increased manifold. However, with successive leaf harvest, a quantum drop in leaf yield and quality has been noted. This inturn has affected the silkworm rearing and farmers suffered by the frequent crop failures. This is mainly due to nutrient deficiencies in mulberry leaf. Moreover, no complete information is available about hunger signs of nutritional disorders, analytical diagnosis and critical levels of nutrients required. The present paper, thus, may serve as an important nutrient guide for identification of hunger signs, leaf nutrients status under deficiency and critical levels of the elements namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn requirements for higher leaf yield and quality. The leaf nutrient status provided may help chemist for correcting the soil status. Besides, an integration of mulberry intercropping with legumes and applications of neem and castor oil cakes, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation, biofertilizer and vermicompost are suggested as integrated nutrient management for sustainable sericulture industry. Based on the information described in this paper, a model needs to be framed for maintaining continuous supply of nutrients to obtain desired quantity and quality of mulberry leaf for successful silkworm cocoon crop and increasing overall silk productivity.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

Pulping of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) white bast has been examined by novel atmospheric pressure pulping methods. The viscosity of pulp has been found to be highly sensitive and variable with pulping methods. Therefore, selections of pulping chemicals and conditions are very important. Two kinds of pulping procedures were employed for the high viscosity pulp manufacturing. The one is ammonium oxalate treatment and the other is sodium chlorite and acetic acid treatment. Not only chemical components and pulp yields which of paper mulberry white bast but also water retention value (WRV), whiteness index, yellowness index, and colors of every pulp were examined. The hot water, 1% NaOH, and ethanol-benzene extractives which of paper mulberry white bast were 4.48%, 28.45%, and 2.84%, respectively. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, and ash were 90.66%, 1.05%, and 2.18%, respectively. In the pulp yields, group 1 which treated with only ammonium oxalate were 77.04-81.71%, group 2 which treated with ammonium oxalate and acidified sodium chlorite separately and washed between first and second stages were 64.15-83.90%, group 3 which treated with ammonium oxalate and acidified sodium chlorite separately and not washed between first and second stages were 57.35-73.17%, and group 4 which treated with mixed ammonium oxalate and acidified sodium chlorite were 66.58-68.43%. The pulps treated with acidified sodium chlorite showed high whiteness index, but the pulps treated with only ammonium oxalate showed high yellowness index. Variations in the combinations of treatments resulted in different pulp characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2013

The traditional Hanji-making was confronted with lots of industrial disadvantages and economic problems, due to the original hand-made process. Recently, the studies on the automation of overall Hanji manufacturing process is carried out by applying the commercial chemical pulping method in order to expand industrial application or efficiency of non-wood fibrous materials. However, the application of commercial pulping methods to the bast tissues of paper mulberry leads to the chemical and mechanical deterioration of cellulosic fibers. In this study, the optimal cooking method using the bast parts of paper mulberry produced by an auto-scraping device was applied to minimize the damage of fiber strength for the paper yarn manufacture. The pre-steaming treatment and alkaline pulping systems were evaluated in removal efficiency of lignin and pectin materials within the bast tissue of paper mulberry. With the application of pre-steaming treatment and 2 stage pulping system using potassium carbonate and then sodium hydroxide, kappa values were decreased two times more in lignin removal than the single stage of pulping method. It was also identified from SEM images and ATR-FTIR spectra that the pectin components within cellular structure of bast tissue were easily removed and the debarked bast parts by a auto-scraping device were easily defiberized by 2-stage pulping sequence using potassium carbonate/sodium hydroxide pulping system.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2018

This study using a method different from those employed previously, the anatomical characteristics of paper-mulberry wood were confirmed by observing three different sections. In addition, the factors affecting the pulp and papermaking processes were analyzed in terms of morphological properties such as the fiber length and width, lumen width, and chemical composition of the paper-mulberry bast fiber. The anatomical characteristics of the paper-mulberry wood were a ring porous or semi-ring porous structure with the vessels showing solitary pore and radial array. The medullary ray of the tangential section showed 1-3 rows and common helical thickening. Consequently, the paper-mulberry wood has the same anatomical characteristics throughout. The morphological characteristics of the paper-mulberry bast fiber are a fiber length of 6.58 to 9.01 mm, fiber width of 15.85 to $27.80{\mu}m$, lumen width of 4.50 to $12.54{\mu}m$. The D sample of Gangwon was the most suitable for the pulp and papermaking processes, in terms of its derived morphological ratios. Comparing the chemical compositions, the C sample of Gyeongsang had a high holocellulose content (90%). Thus, the findings herein will aid in determining the quality of Korean paper post production.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.2 s.110
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• pp.78-86
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• 2005

Hwaseonji(Korean traditional paper) used for writing and painting has been made from the mulberry bast-fiber and the short-length fiber pulps, wood pulps. However, besides wood pulps, other short-length fiber pulps also can be used instead of wood pulps. Hence, this research was carried out to make the various Hwaseonjis with the different properties, using the five kinds of short-length fiber pulps respectively. The short-length fiber pulps used in this research were softwood bleached kraft pulp(SwBKP) hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HwBKP), rice-straw bleached sulfite pulp(RsBSP), bamboo bleached kraft pulp(BbBKP) and recycled pulp from vellem paper(RP). And, the mixture ratios of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and short-length fiber pulps were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80. After various Hwaseonjis were made from different mixtures mentioned above with hand-made method, physical properties and chinese ink blot property of each paper were measured. The strengthes were the highest in the Hwaseonji made from the mixture of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and SwBKP. However, chinese ink blot property and smoothness were better when RsBSP, BbBKP or RP were mixed into the mulberry bast-fiber pulp. As a result, the various kinds of Hwaseonjis which the users can choose based on their needs were made.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2000

Strengthening of R & D components of sericulture in India since the sixties has led to a quantum jump in silk production and presently India is the second largest producer in the world. This achievement is primarily due to a number of breakthroughs in R & D to match the requirements of tropics, by way of introduction of improved mulberry varieties and silkworm breeds, better mulberry cultivation and rearing management practices suited to tropical conditions. Of late, new approaches in molecular biology and biotechnology have also been vigorously pursued to strengthen the current conventional strategies. The present paper attempts to provide an overview of the present status of silk production in both mulberry and non-mulberry sectors, breakthroughs achieved through new approaches of biotechnology and the future prospects for maximizing silk productivity in India.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the automation bark peeling process of paper mulberry for making Hanji. Nowadays, almost raw material has been imported from south-east asia for making Hanji. Raw material dependence is very high for Hanji-making by low productivity in korea. This study is focused on the resolution for problem of bark peeling automation. Water and sand jet of compressed air was possible bark peeling for black bast fiber. The effect of removing black bast fiber increased the longer the steaming time. Also using drum of bark peeling showed that results under temperature $80^{\circ}C$ and Rpm 50/min were best bark peeling and separating bast fiber from stem. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, ethanol-benzene extractives, and ash were 91.63~95.55%, 1.4~2.0%, 1.12~1.65%, and 1.4~4.3%, respectively. Chemical characteristics are similar between imported raw-material with drum bark.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

The objective of this study was the development of a discrimination model for the cultivational origin of paper mulberry bast fiber and Hanji using near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Paper mulberry bast fiber was purchased in 10 different regions of Korea, and used to make Hanji. PLS-DA was performed using pre-treated FT-NIR and FT-MIR spectral data for paper mulberry bast fiber and Hanji. PLS-DA of paper mulberry bast fiber and Hanji samples, using FT-NIR spectral data, showed 100 % performance in cross validation and the confusion matrix (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity). The discrimination models showed four regional groups which demonstrated clearer separation and much superior score plots in the NIR spectral data-based model than in the MIR spectral data-based model. Furthermore, the discrimination model based on the NIR spectral data of paper mulberry bast fiber had highly similar score morphology to that of the discrimination model based on the NIR spectral data of Hanji.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.35-51
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• 2020

To satisfy consumers' desire to enjoy their own individuality and cultural trends, the discovery of various materials and the expression of materials embodying their characteristics are increasingly important in the fashion jewelry industry. This study examines, paper mulberry fiber, a raw material of hanji that has been excavated as a new material for fashion jewelry, is durable as wall as, soft and easy to form, has a unique texture along with, excellent aesthetic quality, and expresses various colors, thereby differentiating itself from traditional fashion jewelry materials. The material itself also has symbolic significance as an approach to discovering new sustainable materials for fashion jewelry to ensure increased specificity of the product based on the premise of freedom of expression. The weight and optimal drying time of chicken fiber were derived for the study of fashion jewelry expression using the characteristics of paper mulberry fiber. The techniques of casting, deflection, packing and winding (winding beads with fibers and straps) were derived and four brooches were produced in total. This study is meaningful for the future of, the fashion jewelry industry as it presents the uses of new materials such as paper mulberry fiber to induce multidisciplinary consumption and to suggest a direction for the creation of new value-added products. Further, in order to expand the realm of fashion jewelry industry with our own competitive products that have secured our cultural identity and uniqueness in the global market, there must be continued follow-up research on mass production methods for industrialization.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Sericulture is a traditional agro-industry, which involves mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing, has made great contributes to the human civilization. With the development of national economy and modem technology, mulberry and silkworm are being used to develop products with functionality besides the traditional cocoon production in China. In this paper, we brief the current developing situation of sericultural byproducts with functionality in the following aspects. (1) Functional products from silkworm larvae: silkworm powder, white muscardine silkworm, isolation and purification of anti-bacterial proteins from the larvae and production of medically valuable substances by Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) vector. (2) Utilization of silkworm feces: for pillow and for isolation of chlorophyll etc. (3) Production of valuable Chinese traditional medicine like Cordyceps sinensis with pupae, functional utilization of pupa protein and chitin. (4) Silk as additives to cosmetics, silk food and medical materials. (5) Functional utilization of mulberry: cultivation of edible fungus on mulberry shoots as medium, mulberry fruit drinks, mulberry tea, etc. The prospect of sericultural byproduct industry in China is also discussed.