• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2016

The fixed effects panel probit model faces "incidental parameters problem" because it has a property that the number of parameters to be estimated will increase with sample size. The maximum likelihood estimation fails to give a consistent estimator of slope parameter. Unlike the panel regression model, it is not feasible to find an orthogonal reparameterization of fixed effects to get a consistent estimator. In this note, a hierarchical Bayesian model is proposed. The model is essentially equivalent to the frequentist's random effects model, but the individual specific effects are estimable with the help of Gibbs sampling. The Bayesian estimator is shown to reduce reduced the small sample bias. The maximum likelihood estimator in the random effects model is also efficient, which contradicts Green (2004)'s conclusion.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2017

본 연구는 1998년부터 2015년까지의 16개 시도별 경유수요량, 경유제품 판매가격(유통단계), 및 총 부가가치생산의 패널데이터를 이용하여, 패널GLS, 고정효과(Fixed Effect), 확률효과(Random Effect) 및 동적패널(Dynamic Panel) 모형을 통해 국내 경유수요함수를 추정하고, 이를 통해 가격탄력성과 소득탄력성을 추정하였다. 단기 가격탄력성은 -0.2146(패널GLS), -0.2886(고정효과), -0.2854(확률효과), -0.1905(동적패널)로 추정되었고, 단기 소득탄력성은 0.7379(패널GLS), 0.4119(고정효과), 0.7260(확률효과), 0.4166(동적패널)로 추정되었는데, 모두 비탄력적인 것으로 나타났다. 장기 가격탄력성과 장기 소득탄력성은 동적패널을 통해 추정하였고, 각각 -0.4784, 1.0461로 유의하게 나타났다. 경유 수요는 소득에 증감에 대해 단기적으로는 비탄력적이나, 장기적으로는 탄력적으로 나타나고 있다. 추가로 서울지역을 기준으로 지역변수를 더미변수(Dummy Variables)로 하여 각 지역의 경유수요로의 효과를 검정하였는데, 10개 지역에서 상대적으로 유의하게 추정되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze panel data using OECD Health data of 34 years to examine how significant the inequality of income is to the inequality of health. The data was from OECD's pooled Health data of 32 countries from 1980 to 2013. The process of determining analysis model was as follows; First, through the descriptive statistics, we examined averages and standard deviation of variables. Second, Lagrange multiplier test has done. Third, through the F-test, we compared Least squares method and Fixed effect model. Lastly, by Hausman test, we determined proper model and examined effective factor using the model. As a result, rather than Pooled OLS Model, Fixed Effect Model was shown as effective in order to consider the characteristics of individual in the panel. The results are as follows: First, as relative poverty rate(${\beta}=-19.264$, p<.01) grows, people's life expectancy decreases. Second, as the rate of smoking(${\beta}=-.125$, p<.05) and the rate of unemployment (${\beta}=-.081$, p<.01) grows, people's life expectancy decreases. Third, as health expenditure(${\beta}=.414$, p<.01) shares more amount of GDP and as the number of hospital beds(${\beta}=-.190$, p<.05) grows, people's life expectancy increases.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.373-389
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• 2016

본 연구는 총 무역액 중 95% 이상이 해상 수송되는 현실을 바탕으로, 해상 수송의 근간이 되는 항만의 자본스톡과 무역 규모 간의 회귀분석을 수행하는 논문이다. 패널 데이터 분석 및 고정 효과 모형 분석을 통해 항만 SOC가 무역 규모에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석 하였다. 항만 SOC를 6개 부문별로 분류하고, 장래 부문별 투자가 이루어졌을 때 무역 규모는 각각 얼마만큼의 영향을 받는 지를 추정하였다. 이와 더불어 LR(Likelihood ratio) 검정을 실시하여 고정효과 모형(Fixed Effects Model)을 통해 회귀분석 하였다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors affecting the net income of regional and industrial fisheries cooperatives in South Korea using panel data. This paper utilizes linear or GLS regression models such as pooled OLS model, fixed effects model, and random effects model to estimate affecting factors of the net income of regional and industrial fisheries cooperatives. After reviewing various tests, we eventually select random effects model. The results, based on panel data between 2013 and 2018 year and 64 fisheries cooperatives, indicate that capital and area dummy variables have positive effects and employment has negative effect on the net income of regional and industrial fisheries cooperatives as predicted. However, debt are opposite with our predictions. Specifically, it turns out that debt has positive effect on the net income of regional and industrial fisheries cooperatives although it has been increased. Additionally, this paper shows that the member of confreres does not show any significant effect on the net income of regional and industrial fisheries cooperatives in South Korea. This study is significant in that it analyzes the major factors influencing changes in the net income that have not been conducted recently for the fisheries cooperatives by region and industry.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2012

본 연구는 패널 공적분 검정 그리고 비교적 최근에 개발된 패널 단위근 검정을 이용하여 지역 주택가격과 지역총생산 간의 장기관계를 분석하였다. 횡단면 의존성(cross-section dependence)이 확인된 경우, 이를 고려한 Pesaran의 CIPS 패널 단위근 검정을 이용하였다. 기존 패널 단위근 검정의 결과와 다르게 CIPS 검정은 변수들이 불안정성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 패널 벡터오차수정모형(VECM)을 이용하여 변수들 간의 인과관계를 확인하였으며, 고정효과모형(Fixed effect)과 패널 자기회귀시차(ARDL)모형을 이용하여 계수들의 장기관계를 구체적으로 추정하였다. 먼저 변수들 간에 공적분관계가 형성되며 장 단기 인과관계가 성립하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 VECM 모형의 오차수정항은 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타나 변수들 간의 장기 공적분 관계를 뒷받침하고 있다. 모형의 추정 결과, 장기적으로 주택가격의 상승은 지역총생산을 증가시키며 반대의 관계도 성립함을 알 수 있다. 이 결과에 의해 우리나라 지역 주택시장에서 부의 효과(wealth effect)가 존재하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들과 함께 오차수정항으로부터, 주택 가격과 경제 변수들은 단기적으로는 일시적인 균형상태로부터 이탈될 수 있지만, 장기적으로는 이들 변수는 균형관계에 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2017

Objectives : This study examined the effect of private health insurance on medical care utilization by subscription type. Methods : The data used were the six waves of the Korea Health Panel (2009-2014), and 16,187 persons were the subjects of the analysis. We performed a panel regression with a fixed effects model. Results : Indemnity private health insurance was positively related to the number of physician visits, number of admissions, and total length of stays. However, fixed-benefit private health insurance was not related to medical care utilization. Conclusions : The result of this study, which shows the difference by subscription type in the effect of private health insurance on medical care utilization, suggests that continuous monitoring of indemnity private health insurance is needed in the future.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2009

This study analysed determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to ASEAN+ 3 member nations using panel data for which cross-sectional data are combined with time series data. The data for the analysis included the amount of FDI, GDP, and indexes of economic independence. This study collected data from six nations(Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) whose data were easily available, China and Japan from 2003 to 2007 and analysed them. The results are summarized as follows: Using the pooled OLS method, we found Model 2 had the highest explanatory power whose adjusted R-squared was 89.4%, which accounted for about 89% of foreign investment. Using the fixed effect model, Model 2 had the highest explanatory power whose adjusted R-squared was 96.8%, which accounted for about 97% of foreign investment. Using the probability effect model, Model 5 had the highest explanatory power, but in respect to its statistical significance, only GDP was 1% significant and the rest variables had no significance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.769-782
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• 2020

Interest in fruit and vegetables has increased due to changes in consumer consumption patterns, socioeconomic status, and family structure. This study determined the factors influencing the demand for fruit and vegetables (strawberries, paprika, tomatoes and cherry tomatoes) using a panel of Rural Development Administration household-level purchases from 2010 to 2018 and compared the ability to the prediction performance. An artificial neural network model was constructed, linking household characteristics with final food expenditure. Comparing the analysis results of the artificial neural network with the results of the panel model showed that the artificial neural network accurately predicted the pattern of the consumer panel data rather than the fixed effect model. In addition, the prediction for strawberries was found to be heavily affected by the number of families, retail places and income, while the prediction for paprika was largely affected by income, age and retail conditions. In the case of the prediction for tomatoes, they were greatly affected by age, income and place of purchase, and the prediction for cherry tomatoes was found to be affected by age, number of families and retail conditions. Therefore, a more accurate analysis of the consumer consumption pattern was possible through the artificial neural network model, which could be used as basic data for decision making.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2020

The Educational Restitution Rate is an important parameter that determines the quality of university education. This paper analyzed data from 148 private universities over the 10 years from 2009 to 2018 using data mining techniques in Korea. A significant causal relationship is detected in the fixed effect model as a result of the panel estimation. And the scale of faculty expansion and fund management, which are the university evaluation indicators, and the size of basic funds, respectively, have a positive effect on the ERR, which is within the confidence interval. In the analysis, the more private universities improve the tuition dependence rate, the more decisively positive affecting ERR. As a result of nonparametric regression estimation, when the faculty expansion ratio is reinforced, the effect of economies of scale is detected in some sections, the improvement of the tuition dependence rate, and the result value is generated through the improvement that results are derived at a certain point in time. We hope that the university based on this study can be a basic Indicators for the diagnosis of basic competencies and policy of student-centered education.