• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

Purpose: This study seeks to explore the impact of COVID-19-induced boredom, a prevalent form of pandemic-related stress, on travel motivation and post-pandemic travel intentions. Additionally, it examines the interplay among travel motivation, travel constraints, and the willingness to pay more for travel experiences in the post-pandemic context. Methods: A PLS-SEM analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Data collection took place through an online survey in February and March 2021, with a total of 575 respondents participating. Participants provided responses regarding their current levels of boredom due to COVID-19, five different travel motivations, seven travel constraints, and their post-pandemic travel intentions. Additionally, participants were asked about their willingness to pay more for travel. Results: This study highlights the significant role of COVID-19-induced boredom in predicting post-pandemic travel intentions and the willingness to pay more for travel. Contrary to previous perceptions, boredom emerges as a driving factor, enhancing travel intentions during the pandemic. Additionally, relaxation becomes the primary motivation for travel during COVID-19, and structural constraints exert a noticeable impact on travel intentions, challenging previous assumptions. Stress levels directly influence the willingness to pay more during travel experiences, expanding the understanding of additional payment behavior in the context of travel. Conclusion: This study offers practical insights for tourism stakeholders. Recognizing and addressing boredom in marketing strategies, implementing aggressive additional payment options, and focusing on relaxation-oriented travel products are recommended to cater to post-pandemic traveler preferences and revive the tourism industry effectively.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2022

The relevance of the topic is determined by the existence of inconsistencies between economic and environmental aspects of innovative development of urban logistics infrastructure, as well as the conflict of public, state and private commercial interests in this issue. The purpose of the article is to determine the principles and effective tools for innovative development of urban logistics infrastructure, taking into account pandemic constraints. The influence of the environmental aspect on the dynamics of transport flows was analyzed in detail and characterized, the scheme of determining the optimal solution for the development of the city was proposed considering the compromise between economic and ecological interests of society, state and business entities. A scheme of innovative development of urban logistics infrastructure under pandemic constraints was also developed. Materials of the article are relevant for developers of city plans, managers of urban logistics infrastructure, employees of enterprises participating in transport and logistics markets, scientists, and doctoral students.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.865-873
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• 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has brought the world into economic recession. This study aims to present an analysis of the readiness of creative e-commerce in Indonesia. Data was collected from various locations that may represent the Creative Industry in Indonesia. The quantitative method has been applied as a research approach by gathering questionnaires from 383 business owners selected using the cluster random sampling method. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it is concluded that E-Commerce Readiness is very important in times of uncertainty such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of readiness will determine the continuity and sustainability of a company or business in a volatile business environment. E-Commerce Readiness can be evaluated based on Technology Readiness, Organizational Readiness, and Environmental Readiness. Not all perspectives are taken into consideration in making decisions about the implementation or improvement of E-Commerce in the pandemic period. Technology Readiness is seen as the most significant impact on a company's ability to cope with volatility, while Environmental Constraints encourage businesses to adopt E-Commerce and take it to the next level. On the other hand, Organizational Readiness has no effect on the E-Commerce readiness of the company because the company or organization does not consider this aspect.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.360-369
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate public preferences regarding allocation principles for scarce medical resources in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly in comparison with the recommendations of ethicists. Methods: An online survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1509 adults residing in Korea, from November 2 to 5, 2020. The degree of agreement with resource allocation principles in the context of the medical resource constraints precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic was examined. The results were then compared with ethicists' recommendations. We also examined whether the perceived severity of COVID-19 explained differences in individual preferences, and by doing so, whether perceived severity helps explain discrepancies between public preferences and ethicists' recommendations. Results: Overall, the public of Korea agreed strongly with the principles of "save the most lives," "Koreans first," and "sickest first," but less with "random selection," in contrast to the recommendations of ethicists. "Save the most lives" was given the highest priority by both the public and ethicists. Higher perceived severity of the pandemic was associated with a greater likelihood of agreeing with allocation principles based on utilitarianism, as well as those promoting and rewarding social usefulness, in line with the opinions of expert ethicists. Conclusions: The general public of Korea preferred rationing scarce medical resources in the COVID-19 pandemic predominantly based on utilitarianism, identity and prioritarianism, rather than egalitarianism. Further research is needed to explore the reasons for discrepancies between public preferences and ethicists' recommendations.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.483-512
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• 2022

This study examined the patterns of coping strategies among Koreans during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, explored the influence of demographic information (gender, age, economic level, household type), along with the unusual experiences due to COVID-19 (fear, stress of COVID, constraints of routine, income risk) on the classification of subclasses, and analyzed the latent profile differences in psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety). An online survey was conducted among Korean Adults(n=600) between April 13, 2020 and 21, when WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and Daegu as well as Gyeongsangbuk-do was nominated as a special disaster zone. First, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify subclasses of coping strategies and results suggested that the 4-class model had the best fit. Second, Class memberships were predicted by gender, age, economic level, as well as fear, stress, constraints of routine, and income risk, among the unusual experiences due to COVID-19. Finally, there are differences in psychological wellbeing among latent profiles. 'High level of adaptive coping group 3' showed the highest level of life satisfaction, 'Adaptive-maladaptive coping group 4' showed the highest level of depression, anxiety. Implications and suggestions are discussed based on the study results.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-213
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• 2023

As migrants develop businesses abroad, entrepreneurship needs specific strategies due to some barriers when establishing and doing businesses. This paper examines the kinds of problems that have been faced in Indonesian migrant entrepreneurships in Taiwan and how the entrepreneurs cope with the difficulties. They use structural and cultural strategies for survival, seize the opportunities for self-development, and develop future careers. Research result shows that the limitations of Indonesian entrepreneurships in Taiwan are related to institutional issues, migrant status, business regulations, resource-providing institutions, language barriers, competition among migrants and locals, and capital. Hence, migrant entrepreneurs must conduct strategic actions to continue their businesses by developing innovations to grow and survive. Some measures include changing from offline to online marketing especially when the COVID-19 pandemic hit, product diversification using migrants and local people's assistance and networks, and setting competitive prices. This paper is based on qualitative research. The data were obtained through interviews in East Java-Indonesia and in Taiwan in 2022. The data were analysed using the descriptive analysis with sociological perspectives.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.331-351
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• 2021

The unprecedented situation of COVID-19 caused the government of India to instruct educational institutions to switch to an online mode to mitigate the losses for students due to the pandemic. The present study attempts to explore the impact of online learning introduced as a stop-gap arrangement during the pandemic in India. A survey was conducted (N=289), via Facebook and WhatsApp, June 1-15, 2020 to understand the accessibility and effectiveness of online learning and constraints that students of higher education across the country faced during the peak times of the pandemic. The analysis and interpretation of the data revealed that the students acclimatized in a short span of time to online learning, with only 33.21% saying they were not satisfied with the online learning mode. However, the sudden shift to online education has presented more challenges for the socially and economically marginalized groups, including Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Class (OBC), females, and students in rural areas, due to factors like the price of high-speed Internet (78.20% identified it as a barrier to online learning), insufficient infrastructure (23.52% needed to share their device frequently or very frequently), poor Internet connectivity, etc. According to 76.47% of respondents, the future of learning will be in "blended mode." A total of 88.92% of the respondents suggested that the government should provide high-quality video conferencing facilities free to students to mitigate the division created by online education in an already divided society.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.441-468
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• 2020

Capital inflows have a strong presence that influences destination countries' development of institutions, which can in turn help resuscitate a stopped economy and re-attract capital that was lost during crises such as the recent public health crisis. While the previous literature emphasizes the mechanism that foreign investors press or even threaten the local government for change, this paper explores empirically whether institutional improvement can be achieved through the channel that host countries voluntarily reform institutions in anticipation of potential investments predicted by the exogenous geographical and cultural characteristics of the recipient countries. Given that countries with better institutional quality can accumulate larger FDI stocks, we still find that the need for more FDI, in contrast to FPI and debt, gives higher incentives to host countries to strategically improve their institutions before seeking capital overseas. Moreover, the predicted FDI exerts more prominent impacts on institutions on constraining elite than those involved in launching a business, enforcing contracts, and protecting properties. The results imply that a long-run plan for upgrading elite constraint institutions is crucial for a post-pandemic FDI reboot.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.321-342
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• 2023

This study aims to derive policy implications by analyzing the experiences of Korean ICT startups that participated in the government's online export and trade consultation platform, designed to support ICT startups' overseas expansion during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology involved the analysis of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with six startups who participated in an online export and trade consultation platform, using Giorgi's phenomenological methodology. The analysis resulted in the identification of ten subcategories, including two subcategories for each of the five categories. These categories and subcategories offer a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of ICT startups in navigating the online export and trade counseling platforms. The findings suggest that online export and trade consultation platforms for ICT startups offer efficiency benefits by reducing time and space constraints, but they also reveal limitations in terms of practical business continuity. This study holds academic and practical significance by providing insights into how ICT startups navigate online export and trade counseling platforms during the pandemic.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.629-659
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• 2021

This study compared the influences of Korean psycho-social experiences on emotional-distress(stress, depression, anxiety, anger) of Koreans between two-periods during COVID-19. First, an online survey was conducted among 600 participants between April 13, 2020 and 21, while WHO had declared the pandemic, and Daegu-Gyungbuk were declared as a special-disaster area. Second, an online survey was conducted among 482 participants out of 600 study participants from the first study during August 21 to September 2, while COVID-19 re-spreaded around the world, and total confirmed cases were over 1,000 for a week in Seoul-Gyeonggi province. Hierarchical-regression analysis was used to determine the influence of personal characteristics, fear and social constraints, relationship conflict and income-decreasing factors on stress, depression, anxiety, anger in the two-time points. Results suggest that gender, quality-of-life, 'frequent information-checking about COVID-19', 'fear of unpredictability' and 'difficulties on hospital treatment access' predicted distress(stress, depression, anxiety, anger) at both Time1 and 2. 'Difficulties with official schedule' predicted distress at Time 1, and age, vulnerability to infection and difficulties with personal schedules predicted distress(stress, depression, anxiety, anger) at Time 2. Based on the reseults, implications and recommendations were presented.