• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.84-91
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• 2009

It is well known that Korea has got in an aged-society, and the speed of ageing is remarkably fast that has never seen before in the world. In spite of that, government officers and managers who are in charge of industrial safety seldom have interest in ageing workers, and much less ageing workers for themselves in the industrial fields. In the meanwhile the number of injured aged workers keeps going on and even increasing. Therefore this research was carried out to investigate the characteristics of aged workers on one hand, and to grasp the self-consciousness level of industrial workers on the problem of ageing. Furthermore, to develop countermeasures, opinions and hopes of middle managers in small- and medium-sized enterprises who were in charge of industrial safety and health were collected also. Though the reply rate was not so high as expected, opinions of safety and health managers were somewhat appropriate. They replied that the most urgent counterplan for ageing would be improvements of work environments followed by work assignments based upon personal aptitude. On the other hand, the self-consciousness level of aged workers was lower than middle managers, and they mainly complained of surgical disorders such as musculoskeltal disorders including lower back pains. However, they did not seem to recognize they are getting lose their physical function in maintaining body equilibrium.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.233-245
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• 2008

Multiple Myeloma is malignant tumor that malignant proliferous plasma cell to originate from bone marrow invades bone multiply. Objectives : Therapy for Multiple Myeloma includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy and self-stem cell transplantation, but it has no effect for a majority of Multiple Myeloma patients. So we diagnosed it as Wei symptom, oliguria, or dysuria(遺尿) in Oriental medicine, and treated it using the Oriental medical system. Methods : The patient was treated using acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal acupuncture treatment, moxibustion, physical treatment and western medicine. We observed 12 kinds of symptoms in the patient when admitted to the hospital. Results : 1. Paraplegia, urination desire, voluntary urination, and other symptoms improved except for a period of complication. 2. Defecation desire, sensory disturbance of the body and lower extremities, self-made changes, maintenance of body posture, and other symptoms improved during admitting days. 3. Voluntary defecation, pains of the neck and lower extremities, and other symptoms had irregular changes during admitting days. Conclusions : This study demonstrates the necessity of having more clinical study about Mutiple Myeloma.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1991

From of old, labor has been accompanied by pain and much effort has been mode to eliminate or diminish the amounts of pain during labor. Little concern has yet been given to the subjective meaning of pain in labor. Recently, rates of cesarean section in Korea and in some other nations have increased rapidly and some investigators are reporting negative reactions such as anger, disappointment and feeling of loss due to lack of control over labor and its pain. These findings are thought to suggest that control of labor and its pain gives some meaning to the laboring woman. Thus the investigators sought to discover the meaning of pain during labor for Korean women. Specific objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of pain in labor to the mothers, their reactions to the experience of labor add their preference for delivery method. The subjects of this study were 95 mothers who delivered their babies in hospital from September 989 to May 1990 : 45 gave birth by vaginal delivery, and 50 by cesarean section. Data were gathered through direct interviews by the investigators, and questions were focused on five areas i.e. mothers' feelings about delivery and their babies, their feelings about of having more children, the most difficult aspect about this labor and delivery, and what they thought the differences were between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. After interview, mothers' answers were summarized, and classified according to the degree of positive or negative attitude. To ascertain the difference in meaning of labor pains and reaction to delivery experience between mothers delivered vaginally and by cesarean section a Median test was done using an SAS. Results were as follows. 1. More mothers who had delivered vaginally realized that they “have became a mother” than those who had a cesarean section(X$^2$＝8.409, df＝3, p＝0.038). 2. Immediate reaction to their delivery experience was more positive for mothers who had a cesarean section. 3. These Korean mothers expressed preference for vaginal delivery. Suggestions for further research on the meaning for mothers of their experience of labor, and on the meaning of pain for mothers who have a cesarean section were made.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Through a consideration of the contralateral collateral needling(繆刺) from "Neijing", the conclusions are as follows. The contralateral collateral needing is defined as a disordered state, and also as the pricking bloodletting method. Unlike the seasonal deficiency pathogen(虛邪), which are affected by the four seasons, the subject of the contralateral collateral needling is the extra pathogen(奇邪), which is the cause of the extra disease(奇病), therefore the treatment should be different from the general. The contralateral collateral needling is generally used when a pain is generated from the veins(絡) by an external pathogen(邪). However, it can be used as the treatment for an emotional disorder, such as flight or sorrow, or a body constituent(身形) disorder caused by internal parts of the five viscera. Although the contralateral collateral needling(繆刺) and the contralateral meridian needling(巨刺) share the left and right cross treatment(右取左, 左取右) in common, but they are different in every aspect, as the causes, transmutation, location, and feature of disease, relation of qi and blood, and location and method of needling(刺鍼). The medical procedure of the contralateral collateral needling is collateral needling(刺絡) the parts of blood collaterals(血絡) or bruising(痏) well points(井穴) of the end of the both sides of limbs, and using the left and right cross treatment when the former methods are not making any progress. The symptoms of contralateral collateral needling are head, chest, and abdomen pains, and they are treated at the end of the limbs. The bloodletting method(刺絡法), extracting a little amount of blood at well points or blood collaterals, or the collateral vessel pricking therapy(瀉血法), extracting a lot of blood by using cupping(附缸), for example, are contemporary successions of the collateral needling(絡刺), the leopard-spot needling(豹文刺), and the contralateral collateral needling.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2006

Those students with ability and interest in science should be supported to develop their potential and to reach high levels of achievement in science and technology. In order to ensure that gifted pupils are able to enhance their creativity as well as research abilities, appropriate learning programs and environments are essential. One of the various teaching and learning models for the gifted in science is the discovery learning model based on inductive science activities. There is a clear line of continuity between knowledge discovery at the forefront of research and student's learning activities. If students receive excellent training in organizing scientific concepts for themselves, they will be able to skillfully apply appropriate scientific concepts and solve problems when facing unfamiliar situations. It is very important to offer an appropriate learning environment to maximize the learning effect whilst, at the same time, understanding individual student's characteristics. In this study, the authors took great pains to research effective learning environments for gifted science students. Firstly, appropriate classroom learning environments thought by the teacher to offer the most potential were investigated. 3 different classes in which a revised teaching and learning environment was applied in sequence were examined. Inquiries were conducted into students' activities and achievement through observation, interviews, and examination of students' worksheets. A Science Education expert and 5 elementary school teachers specializing in gifted education also observed the class to examine the specific character of gifted science students. A number of suggestions in discovery learning classes for elementary students gifted in science are possible; 1) Readiness is essential in attitudes related to the inquiry. 2) The interaction between students should be developed. A permissive atmosphere is needed in small group activities. 3) Students require training in listening to others. In a whole class discussion, a permissive atmosphere needs to be restricted somewhat in order to promote full and inclusive discussion. 4) Students should have a chance to practice induction and abduction methods in solving problems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.163-190
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand the origin of the super-aged rural community and the meaning of the elderly's life in such a unique society by looking into the elderly's life from the past to the present to the future. For the study in-depth interviews have been done with 16 old people living in Geumdong village, Imshil-gun of Jeonbuk Province, one of the most aged communities of Korea. By analyzing their statements, 4 themes have been found from 11 meanings of statements on the past life, which is characterized by their fight against bonds of extreme poverty and misfortune. On the present life, which is characterized by their bare existence in senility and their endless sacrifice for the children as they are never free from the physical pains accompanying the ageing and the concern about their children, 5 themes have been found from 14 meanings of statements. About the future life, which is characterized by their calm acceptance of the fate of their later life and their village which they think will disappear after they die, 3 themes have been found from 7 meanings of statements.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.29-53
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• 2014

This research is to study the economical, psychsocial, physical pains of the elderly mens living alone and the process being out of the isolated life. From this, we expect to propose a supportive program to help the living alone of the elderly mens. Six of the elderly mens living alone joined this research and the hermeneutical grounded theory methodology was applied to interpret it. Data were collected by the depth interview and various written records and they were analyzed by Rennie(2007)'s methodology. We could construct 13 categories by analyzing and categorizing meaningful units of the data. The core theme of the living alone experience was presented as "Accepting self-existence forgotten in the swamp of isolation and preparing for the blessed death." Based upon the research outcomes, we suggested a social supportive program considering the elderly men's characters and a way to improve the accessibility to the therapy system for the elderly mens living alone and the need for a meaning therapy.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate and to compare the health status of urban and rural elderly in Korea using the following factors: 1) the number of self-reported health problems 2) a self-rating score for health status 3) the number of diagnosed diseases 4) ADL, social health status by IADL and the psychological health status by Life Satisfaction scale developed by Wood and others. The study subjects were the elderly who lived in Pusan(N=150) as an urban area and Kyeungnam(N=300) province as a rural area. The study subjects were sampled at random and the data were collected by trained interviewers from Feb. 1 to Feb. 14, 1995. the data was analyzed in SPSS. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. According to the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects, the urban elderly group was significantly higher in extended family groups and in practicing regular execise than the rural elderly: and the rural elderly group was higher in having spouses and occupations than the urban group. 2. Concerning health status, the numbers of self-reported health problems(eye problems, back pains, headaches, dental problems, arthritis) and number of diagnosed diseases(hypertension, heart problems, diabetes mellitus, neuralgia, arthritis) were significantly were higher higher in rural areas: the self - rating scores for health status and life satisfaction were higher urban areas. ADL and IADL were similar in both the rural and urban elderly. 3. The correlations were the following: Self-reported health problems and self-rating for health status were significantly correlated negatively(r=-.039, p=.000), but self-reported health problems and the number of diagnosed diseases were significantly positively correlated(r=0. 30, p=.000). IADL and health problems were negatively correlated(r=-0.16, p=.000), but IADL and ADL were significantly positively correlated (r=0.49, p=.000). Life satisfaction and self-rating scores for health status were significantly positively correlated(r=0.26, p=.000).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.199-205
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• 2006

Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic effects of automatically controlled heating acupuncture(ACHA) using 2 different pain models(acute pain and neuropathic pain) and 2 different stimulation conditions (heating $41.5^{\cdot}C$ and heating $44.5^{\cdot}C$) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : Tail flick latency(TFL) to a noxious radiant heat stimulus in lightly anesthetized rats was measured before and after ACHA stimulation for 5-min at the Zusanli(ST36) acupoint. For the neuropathic surgery, the right superior caudal trunk was resected at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves innervating the tail. Two weeks after the nerve injury, ACHA stimulation($41.5^{\cdot}C$ or $44.5^{\cdot}C$) was delivered to Zusanli(ST36) for 5 min. The behavioral signs of warm allodynia were evaluated by the tail immersion test (i.e. immersing the tail in warm $water(40^{\cdot}C)$ and measuring the latency to an abrupt tail movement) before and after the ACHA stimulation. Results : In the TFL test, ACHA stimulations under both the conditions above produced more potent analgesic effects than plain acupuncture(PA, acupuncture needle insertion only) and control(no treatment). In the tail immersion test, ACHA stimulations under all of the conditions had markedly relieved the warm allodynia signs. Conclusion : Automatically controlled heating acupul1cture produced analgesic effecs in acute and neuropathic pains.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing breast cancer self-examination, a preventive health behavior, thereby increasing self-examination compliance for early detection of the disease. The data on which this study was based were collected from a survey of 601 ladies, aged 20∼59 years and residing in Seoul, employing such mehtods as X²-test, ANOVA, t-test, F-test, Person's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The resulting conclusions are as follows; 1. Discrepancies in self-examination compliance rate are found in accordance with the differences of general characters of the surveyed persons. For instance, those who are well educated and better off are better compliers than those who are not (p<0.001), and those around whom breast cancer patients are better ones than who are not (p<0.01). 2. Self-examination compliers have higher health belief than non-compliers. Compliers have more knowledge in health and have higher susceptibility, barriers and health concern (p<0.001), and higher benefits (p<0.01), and higher seriousness (p<0.05) than non-compliers. 3. Whereas those who have loftier health belief show higher compliance rate (p<0.001), seriousness turned out to have no correlationship with self-examination compliance. 4. Stepwise Multiple Regression portray that following factors influence self-examination compliance in arder named. (1) barriers (2) susceptibility, (3) health concern, (4) age, (5) benefits, (6) education level. Even so, it turned out that these factors alone can explain only 20％ of self-examination compliance. Therefore study for the other factors ought to be continued. I submit following suggestions ending this study. 1. Since breast cancer self-examination is an essential health behavior needed for early detection of the disease, efficient and proper health education program eyed for regular and periodic self-examination is required to be developed, thus reducing the deaths and pains caused by the disease. 2. Proper policies of the government for the prevention of breast cancer is strongly urged to be formed in concrete manner. 3. Continuous study of the other factors affecting self-examination compliance must be carried on.