• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.21.1-21.15
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• 2016

In Kenya, traditional knowledge on herbal medicine has remained a mainstream source of maintaining wellbeing for generations in many communities. However, the knowledge has been eroded in the course of time due to sociocultural dynamics virtually advanced by Christianity and formal education especially in the Kikuyu community. The study documented current ethnobotanical knowledge and threat to the traditional knowledge on medicinal plants among the Kikuyu community. A survey was carried out in Mathira, Tetu, Kieni, Othaya, Mukurweini, and Nyeri Town constituencies. Thirty practicing herbalists were purposively sampled; 5 per constituency. Data was obtained through semi - structured questionnaires and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 80 ailments treated using 111 medicinal plant species distributed within 98 genera and 56 families were documented. Prevalent communicable diseases treated using herbal medicine included; gonorrhea (17.5%), malaria (15%), respiratory infections (12%), colds (10%) and amoebiasis (10%). Non-communicable diseases were; joint pains (11.1%), ulcers/hyperacidity (8.7%), high blood pressure (8.7%), intestinal worms (11.1%) and arthritis/gout (10%). Frequently harvested plant materials were; roots, barks and leaves. The study concluded that, traditional medicine practitioners in Nyeri County possessed wide knowledge of herbal medicine but this knowledge was on the verge of disappearing as it was largely a preserve of the aged generation. The study recommended massive campaign about the benefits of using herbal medicine in the study area. Further pharmacological studies are recommended on the mentioned plant species aimed at establishing their efficacy and safety as well as standardization as potential drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 1991

Radionuclide cardiac studies lend themselves exceptionally well to functional imaging. This is especially true for gated blood pool scan (GBP). Making functional images is also possible in radionuclide angiocardiography (RNAC). In this study we tried to validate the functional images obtained from RNAC by comparing it with GBP. Twenty three patients (16 patients with coronary artery diseases, 5 with hypertensive heart diseases, and 2 with nonspecific chest pains) underwent simultaneous RNAC and GBP at the same position (LAO $45^{\circ}$). From both studies, global ejection fraction, regional ejection fraction, phase image, amplitude image, stroke image, paradox image, maximum ejection and maximum filling rates were obtained. Global ejection fraction are almost same in both studies. Regional ejection fractions of apex and inferior portion of left ventricle calculated from RNAC are well correlated with those of GBP. Phase and paradox image, maximum ejection and maximum filling rates were obtained. Global ejection fraction are almost same in both studies. Regional ejection fractions of apex and inferior portion of left ventricle calculated from RNAC are well correlated with those of GBP. Phase and paradox images of RNAC are very similar to those of GBP. However, amplitude and stroke images are different. Regional ejection fractions of the left ventricular base, maximum ejection and maximum filling rates obtained from RNAC are significantly different from those of GBP. In conclusion, albeit all of functional images of RNAC is not same as GBP, regional walt motions and global left ventricular function are expected to be successfully analyzed by phase and paradox image and ejection fraction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.361-370
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• 2003

We have understood Bauhaus being the origin of Modern Design and Formative Education to systematic semantic aspects to date. the facts that matter to us need to be understood on Bauhaus's education philosophy and the way of administration than Bauhaus's education contents. Bauhaus as designer has been informed to us how a design should be approached to viewpoints handling Objects, Methodology fixing up problems and Social viewpoints. But Bauhaus's design principle or Methodological solution is not setup by specific person but actualized by Masters and professors in charge of curricula. From these standpoints, inquiring into their characters and individual statements for design could be said to upright order. Especially Bauhaus has trio out lots of changes through inner discord and external challenge, taken great pains for the social function of design. So I would like to help right understanding on Bauhaus based on Bauhaus's statements.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2002

Spiral taping shows great effectiveness in relieving musculoskeletal pains. The purpose of this research is to compare effectiveness of herbal acupuncture of Carthami semen(Honghwa) vs its cotreatment with spiral taping for the treatment of acute low back pain. The target patients were those who satisfied with all of the following conditions. 1. Those who suffered from acute low back pain but without past history of the pain in the last six weeks. 2. The pain wasn't radiated to the lower limbs and were without any neurotic symptoms. A computerized randomization was used to set the patients in two groups. The control group was consisted of 41 patients and treated with herbal acupuncture. The experimental group was consisted of 49 patients and treated with spiral taping as well as herbal acupuncture. The treatment was given two times a week and the nurses measured the ROM and VAS evaluation before every treatment. The patients wrote ODI by themselves before the first treatment and after the 3rd treatment. After three months, an interview of the patients' condition through a follow up survey was done. In terms of acute low back pain in both the control group and experimental group, significant treatment effects were found by assessing VAS, ROM and ODI. By comparing the control group and the experimental group, there was more significant improvement in the experimental group than the control group of VAS and ROM, but no significant effect was found between the groups of ODI. This study shows that the herbal acupuncture of Carthami Semen plays a significant role in relieving acute low back pain. It also shows that spiral taping of the experimental group was more highly effective. As a result, spiral taping can be used with acupunture of Carthami Semen for a highly effective treatment for acute low back pain.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1998

Appropriate clinical examination and imaging may lead to early diagnosis and treatment of the shoulder impingement syndrome, thus preventing progressing to a complete tear of rotator cuff. The impingement syndrome was caused by repeated entrapment and compression of supraspinatus tendon between the proximal end of humerus inferiorly, particullary its greater tuberosity. and one or m <)re component of coracoacromial arch superiorly. The purpose of this study is to critically, evaluate the result of twenty-five consecutive subacromial decompression with impingement syndrome and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging by using oblique coronal and oblique sagittal plan. These patients were treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression after their pains failed to improve with conservative therapy over three month. The average follow up was 25 month(range, 12 to 50). The mean age was 43 year old. The results were rated based on subjective response and the UCLA shoulder rating scale of the result. Ten patients(40%) were rated as excellent, 11patients(44%) were good. while four patients(16%) were fair. Radiologic evaluation suggested that the oblique sagittal plan of MRI can be helpful in evaluation of bony and soft-tissue structure of the coracoacromial arch and determining depth of bony resection. There were no infection or neurovascular injury. In reviewing our result, it appears that the arthroscopic subacromial decompression can be successful sugery for shoulder impingement syndrome and diagnostic accuracy of supplimentary oblique sagittal view of MRI was relatively higher than oblique coronal view alone for apprqpriate surgical plan.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.987-992
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• 2008

This study was carried out to understand the macroscopic aspects of the digestive system symptoms occurring after taking oriental herb complex decoction as observing morphological changes in esophagus, stomach and duodenal bulb by endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract when these symptoms developed. The subjects of this study were 46 patients (male 22, female 24, mean age : $54.72{\pm}14.26$ years) who were chosen among ones who took oriental herb complex decoction for medical care and developed symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract while taking an oriental herb decoction, which were assumed that the digestive symptoms were newly developed because of administration. The subjects were given morphological examination by endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the endoscopy operated due to the digestive symptoms developed during the administration of oriental herb decoction, there were 2 cases of esophagitis, 5 cases of acute gastritis, 1 case of chronic gastritis A type, 15 cases of chronic gastritis B type, 1 case of duodenitis, 1 case of gastric ulcer, 1 case of gastric polyp, 2 cases of intestinal metaplasia, 1 case of gastric ptosis and 17 cases of normal findings which didn't have any abnormality macroscopically with endoscopy. With regards to the patients who complained of the digestive symptoms after taking oriental herb decoction, it has been found that the symptoms occurred as the oriental herbal medicine taken by the patients who had the digestive symptoms at ordinary times influenced on the gastrointestinal tract. Especially, many of them were had chronic gastritis and functional dyspepsia in the past. The disease accompanying macroscopic lesions at endoscopy which occurred due to the oriental herb decoction as direct cause, was acute gastritis, and it was the prescription to cure the pains and inflammations of skeletomuscular disease.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.454-459
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• 2015

Background : The major compounds of Angelica species are decursin, decursinol angelate, nodakenin, umbelliferone and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, which act anti-inflammatories, reduce pains, protect the liver and enhance the immune system. This study investigated the chemical compositions, minerals, metals, sugars and overall amino acid composition in Angelica gigas Nakai. Methods and Results : Powder of Angelica roots smaller than 30 mesh were used. Physico-chemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates (62.0%), crude proteins (13.9%), moisture (11.4%), crude fats (7.3%) and ash (5.4%). Results showed that potassium was present in the highest amount (1,859 ppm), followed by magnesium (214.5 ppm), calcium (147.3 ppm) and sodium (6.0 ppm). Free sugar profiles showed the presence of sucrose (29.3 g/100 g). The total amino acids concentrations was 9,752 mg/100 g, the most common and dominant amino acids were arginine (2,181 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (1,212 mg/100 g) and aspartic acid (834 mg/100 g). The total free amino acids contents was 1,476 mg/100 g, in which the most common amino acid were arginine (932 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (127 mg/100 g), and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (80.4 mg/100 g). The fatty acid composition of A. gigas showed a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (443.9 mg/100 g) and palmitic acid (181.3 mg/100 g) according to gas chromatography. Conclusions : These results showed that Angelica roots can be used in various fields of foods and medicines, and in the preparation of cosmetics.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.121-134
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• 2004

A research project was conducted to study work-related musculoskeletal disorders （MSDs） at subway train repair plant in Korea. The project was consisted of 4 main parts; education on the topics of MSDs for all workers, symptom survey, medical check-up, investigation of MSD risk factors. The result of symptom survey showed that 95.2％ of the respondents complained pains on at least one part of the body. After cross-sectional analysis of various information and risk factors, 86.8％ of respondents were considered as active health surveillance level 1 that require continuous monitoring on their symptoms and working conditions. And 57.1％ of the respondents were considered as active health surveillance level 2 that needed medical check-ups for proper medical treatment. The analysis of occupational risk factors revealed that handling of heavy object (46.15％) and repeated awkward postures (46.15％) were two most contributing risk factors for the on-set of MSD at this work site followed by static strain (7.7％), and vibration and impact (3.8％). Medical examination was performed by an industrial medicine MD on 156 workers those considered as active health surveillance level 2. The result showed that 35 workers (20.7％) were considered as MSD patient group at severe level, and 68.6 workers (68.6％) were considered as moderate group and 18 workers (10.6％) were considered minor or normal group those have no symptom.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In modern society, the amount of information has been significantly increased according to the development of Internet and IT convergence technology and that leads to develop information obtaining and searching technologies from lots of data. Although the system integration for medicare has been largely established and that accumulates large amounts of information, there is a lack of providing and supporting information for nursing activities using such established database. In particular, the judgement for the intervention of pains depends on the experience of individual nurses and that leads to make subjective decisions in usual. In this paper, a pain nursing supporting method that uses the existing medical data and performs collaborative filtering is proposed. The proposed collaborative filtering is a method that extracts some items, which represent a high relativeness level, based on similar preferences. A preference estimation method using a user based collaborative filtering method calculates user similarities through Pearson correlation coefficients in which a neighbor selection method is used based on the user preference.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the degree of pain, and to identify barriers to and satisfaction with pain management, in an effort to provide baseline data for effective pain management interventions. Methods: The study design was descriptive and correlational. A total of 100 cancer patients who were cared for at home participated in this study. Questions regarding self-rated pain, as well as barriers to and satisfaction with pain management were included in the study instruments. The data were collected by nurses using a face-to-face interview method in May of 2008. Results: Thirty six percent of the participants were in their 70's and 18.0% suffered from cancer of the large intestine. The usual degree of pain was reported as 3.43 out of 10 points, and the study patients were generally moderately satisfied with their pain management (M=$3.15{\pm}0.78$; range, 1-5). The mean barrier score was $3.24{\pm}0.52$ (range, 1-5) and concerns regarding the progress of cancer was the most highly evaluated barrier. There was a negative relationship between the degree of pain and satisfaction with pain management, and between barriers to and satisfaction with pain management. Conclusion: The precise evaluation of pains is crucial to the proper management of pain, and the education and promotion of proper pain management practices may help to overcome barriers to pain management for cancer patients.