• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2006

Pain disorder is a category of somatoform disorder that be diagnosed when the pain is starting and getting worse associated with psychological factors. At the recent study, it revealed that stress might be more strong factor in occurring and sustaining the somatoform disorder. In this case, a 42 years old female patient had a chronic pain disorder 3 years ago, suddenly complained of an eyeball pain due to retina rupture induced by severe stress. In the view of oriental medicine, pain disorder belongs to GuQiJakTongJung. So, we diagnosed her state as GuQiJakTongJung and treated her such as herbal medicine, acupuncture and phlebotomy therapy. In result, the chronic pain of the patient was improved, and also general condition was getting better.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of postural habits and stress on low back pain experienced by nursing students. Methods: The survey was conducted with 282 students at 5 nursing schools in Seoul, Incheon, Chungcheongbuk, and Jeollabuk Province. Data were collected from October, 2013 to January, 2014. Data analyses including descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were performed using SPSS 21.0. Results: In multiple regression, habit of standing on force of one feet (${\beta}=.23$, p<.001), habit of sleeping on one's back (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.020), habit of resting the chin on one's hands (${\beta}=.15$, p=.029), and habit of carrying a bag on one shoulder (${\beta}=.12$, p=.011) were associated with low back pain experienced by nursing students. These factors accounted for 12.9% of the variance in the low back pain in undergraduate students. Conclusion: These results suggest that low back pain in nursing students are related to their habits of posture in daily life. Therefore, intervention program to encourage healthy postural habits can be effective to prevent low back pain in nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in stress, occupational stress, and subjective health problems of novice female nurses within the first 18 months of work. Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted with a secondary data analysis based on the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover (SWNHT) study. The participants were 178 female novice nurses who participated in all 3 data collection activities (on the first day of orientation before ward placement [T0], 6 months after work [T1], and 18 months after work [T2]). The stress, occupational stress, 8 subjective health problems (upper musculoskeletal pain, leg/foot discomfort, depression, anxiety or emotional disorder, sleep disturbance, headache, gastrointestinal disorder, menstrual disorder, and others), and the greatest health problem during the study period were measured, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 to obtain descriptive statistics. Results: The subjective health of novice female nurses were found to be poor at T1 compared to T0 on both physical (upper musculoskeletal pain, leg/foot discomfort, and sleep disturbance) and psychological health problems (depression and stress). However, the psychological health problems of the participants were alleviated at T2 whereas; physical health problems persisted until T2. Conclusion: Novice nurses had poor health problems 6 months after work. Sleep disturbance and musculoskeletal pain persisted although other health problems such as depression and stress were alleviated over the period. Strategies to prevent and manage different health problems of novice female nurses at different work duration are urgently needed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 1998

Background: Preoperative blocking of surgical nociceptive inputs may prevent sensitization of CNS and reduce postoperative pain. The stress responses to surgical trauma consist of increase in catabolic hormones and decrease in anabolic hormones. We studied whether preoperative intravenous morphine could affect postoperative pain and change plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels. Methods: Thirty eight patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Control group (n=11) did not received intravenous morphine, preoperative group (n=13) received intravenous morphine (0.1 mg/kg as a bolus 10 min before operation and followed by 1.5 mg/hr for 10 hours), postoperative group (n=14) received the same doses and method of intravenous morphine of preoperative group postoperatively. Postoperative pain relief was provided with i.v. fentanyl through Patient-Controlled-Analgesia Pump. Postoperative visual analogue scores (VAS), analgesic requirement (first request time, total amounts used), side effects, plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were compared. Results: VAS were different between control group and the other two goups, but were not different between preoperative and postoperative group. Total amounts of used fentanyl were not different among groups, but first request time were significantly delayed in the preoperative group compared with the other two groups ($66.2{\pm}33.9$ vs $39.0{\pm}15.4$ and $45.0{\pm}14.9$ min respectively, p<0.05). Plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were not different among groups. Conclusions: Above dosage of preoperative and postoperative morphine has analgesic effect, but could not block surgical stress induced plasma cortisol and serum glucose increase.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.57-68
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• 2006

This study was designed to provide basic data on preventive plans by affecting factors that have analysed on musculoskeletal diseases. The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 among 600 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The pain experience rate of musculoskeletal diseases. in the last one yea was 55.2%. 35.7% of respondents answered they had pain on shoulders, 30.6% had pain on legs and feet, 28.9% had pain on waist, 26.8% had hands, fingers and wrist, 22.3% had pain on necks and 17.6% had pain arms and elbows more than disease on necks, shoulders, arms and elbows, hands, fingers and wrists, waist, shoulders legs and feet. The prevalence rate of the last week was 40.3%. The prevalence rate in each body parts of the last week was 23.3% on legs and feet, 21.2% on shoulders, 20.8% on waist, 14.9% on hands, fingers and wrists, 14.4% on necks, 9.3% on arms. The affecting factors on musculoskeletal disease index were analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. there are working posture$(\beta=0.27)$; authority of task$(\beta=0.18)$, self-conscious stress $(\beta=0.16)$, age$(\beta=0.14)$, physical burden from work$(\beta=0.13)$, and task required$(\beta=0.10)$. Determinant coefficients was 22.7%. Based on the results above, working posture, job stress and physical burden from task are highly related with pain. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease of hairdressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management education shall be provided.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to investigate risk factors of low back pain in civil airmen and to use this information as basis for the back rehabilitation. Subjects of this study were randomly selected 276 civil airmen who had been employed at four airports in Seoul. These data were analyzed by $X^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression using SAS. The results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of low back pain among 276 civil airmen was 64.9%. 2) The most common cause of low back pain was load lifting (stewardess), long sitting (aircrew A), and long sitting plus training (aircrew B). 3) There were no statistically significant associations among age, height, body weight, and low back pain. 4) No statistically significant relationships were found among the average monthly working time, total working time, average monthly rest time, working year and low back pain. 5) There was statistically significant relation ship between abnormal posture and low back pain (p<.01). 6) There was statistically significant relation ship between fatigue and low back pain among stewardess and aircrew B. 7) There was a statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and job-related stress (p<.05). 8) In stewardess, higher satisfaction score was associated with less likelihood of low back pain (odds ratio = .80). The results of this study indicate that civil airmen developed chronicity of low back pain due to unfit seat, poor habitual posture, fatigue symptom, and stress or other risk factors. Therefore, there is a need to improve the working environment for the prevention of posture-related low back pain.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.100-117
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• 1996

The purpose of the survey was to find out the prevalence rate and related factors for low back pain of nurses and to develop educational program for prevention of the low back pain. The subjects of the survey were 593 nurses of general hospitals in Tae-gu City. The survey was conducted from June 10, 1994 to October 3, 1994. The questionnaire included 34 question items concerning general characteristics, factors related to low back pain, physical nursing activities, and characteristics of low back pain. The results were as follows : 1. Among 593 of subjects, the prevalence rate of low back pain showed 62.1%. 2. In relation of health related life activities and low back pain prevalence, self-reported health state was highly significant(P=.000). 3. In relation of work environmental factors and low back pain prevalence, job satisfaction (P=.026), job stress(P=.020), and workload(P=.002) were significant. 4. In relation of physical nursing activities and low back pain prevalence, bending (P=.000), trunk twisting(P=.003), stretching(P=.006), and pulling and pushing(P=.046) were significant. 5. Physical nursing activities inducing back stress was varicant according to wards. The results of this study pointed out that the subjects' low back pain prevalence was related to the work-related physiologic and psychologic factors. Therefore, for the effective prevention of low back pain, both practicing the body mechanics and raising the morale of the nurses are needed in educational program.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Temporomadibular disorders (TMDs) can result in chronic pain, which is often associated with psychological and sleep disturbance. Increased levels of psychological and sleep impairments are often related with poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical features, psychological profiles and the prevalence of clinical insomnia in TMD patients with chronic pain and to suggest an effective treatment approach. Methods: A total of 200 TMD patients who had visited the Pusan National University Hospital dental clinic for treatment of their pain were recruited from June 2018 through December 2019. TMD patients were classified into an acute (n=100) and chronic (n=100) group and compared the clinical symptoms. The primary diagnosis of TMD were categorized as TMD with joint pain group (TMD_J), TMD with muscle pain group (TMD_M) and TMD with joint-muscle mixed pain group (TMD_JM). Self- report measures of sleep quality and psychological profiles were evaluated via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Korean Stress Response Inventory (SRI). Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and chisquared test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Chronic TMD patients showed higher pain intensity, as well as higher prevalence of related symptoms (headache, musculoskeletal pain) and myogenous pain. They also had significantly higher scores in all SRI parameters and a higher percentage of clinical insomnia than acute TMD patients. Conclusions: Based on the above results, psychological profiles and sleep quality assessments are necessary to provide essential data that will allow for improved treatment of chronic TMD patients.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2018

Background: Surgical-site, multimodal drug injection has recently evolved to be a safe and useful method for multimodal pain management even in patients with musculoskeletal trauma. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients who underwent plating for mid-shaft and distal clavicular fractures were included in the study. To evaluate whether surgical-site injections (SIs) have pain management benefits, the patients were divided into two groups (SI and no-SI groups). The injection was administered between the deep and superficial tissues prior to wound closure. The mixture of anesthetics consisted of epinephrine hydrochloride (HCL), morphine sulfate, ropivacaine HCL, and normal saline. The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were measured at 6-hour intervals until postoperative hour (POH) 72; stress biomarkers (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S], insulin, and fibrinogen) were measured preoperatively and at POH 24, 48, and 72. In patients who wanted further pain control or had a VAS pain score of 7 points until POH 72, 75 mg of intravenous tramadol was administered, and the intravenous tramadol requirements were also recorded. Other medications were not used for pain management. Results: The SI group showed significantly lower VAS pain scores until POH 24, except for POH 18. Tramadol requirement was significantly lower in the SI group until POH 24, except for POH 12 and 18. The mean DHEA-S level significantly decreased in the no-SI group ($74.2{\pm}47.0{\mu}g/dL$) at POH 72 compared to that in the SI group ($110.1{\pm}87.1{\mu}g/dL$; p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in the insulin and fibrinogen levels between the groups. The correlation values between all the biomarkers and VAS pain scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After internal fixation of the clavicular fracture, the surgical-site, multimodal drug injection effectively relieved pain on the day of the surgery without any complications. Therefore, we believe that SI is a safe and effective method for pain management after internal fixation of a clavicular fracture.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Background: This study investigates the impact of the cervical musculoskeletal intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder patient's cervical pain levels and depression factor. Methods: Thrty neck pain patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder were enrolled. Neck exercise training using a sling system was applied to the experimental group and self-neck movement exercise, modification of the McKenzie exercise, was applied to the control group. Both groups were checked every week whether they performed or not. Both groups performed their exercise for 35 minutes for a time and 3 times per week. Total period of the intervention was 6 weeks. To compare the effects of interventions, threshold of cervical tenderness and depression level were measured before and after the each intervention and also measured at follow-up. Results: Painthreshold of left trapezius showed a significant difference between two groups at three points. It increased 19.71% in the experimental group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. At follow-up it also increased 20.06% in the experimental group. Pain threshold of right trapezius showed a significant difference at three points. It increased 18.35% in the experimental group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. At follow-up it also increased 15.93% in the experimental group. According to the result interaction between groups and measurement time in both side of trapezius was valid. Depression level showed significant difference in the experimental group between three points. It decreased 18.07% after the intervention compared to before the intervention and decreased 15.21% at follow-up. According to the result interaction between groups and measurement time in depression level was valid. Conclusions: This study has important implications as the therapeutic strategy, high potent of improving symptoms, shows effect to a subject who has psychological problem such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).