• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.261-276
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the cytotoxicity of glass-ionomer cement liners(GC liningcement, Ketac-bond, Vitrebond and Fuji lining LC) on the fibroblasts cultured from human pulp. The fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM-10% FBS medium. The measurement of pH, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity test and $^{51}Chromium$ release test were performed. Viable cell count and $^{14}C$-leucine incorporation rate were evaluated following culture time of 2, 4 and 6 days. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The pH in all cements was to be neutralized as time elapsed, and Fuji lining LC was the lowest pH value among them. 2. SDH activity was more inhibited in GC lining cement and Vitrebond than Ketac-bond and Fuji lining LC with the setting process, and GC lining cement and Ketac-bond were reduced after 5 minute's setting and then elevated as time elapsed. 3. In SDH activity test following exposure time, the activity in Vitrebond, GC lining cement and Fuji lining LC was inhibited with increased exposure time, but it was fairly constant in Ketac-bond. 4. Overall the liquid component was more inhibited than the powder component of glass-ionomer cement in SDH activity test. 5. In $^{51}Cr$-release test, Fuji lining LC was the most released of all the cements tested and followed by : Vitrebond, Ketac-bond, GC lining cement. 6. In viable cell count, the number of cells increased as the culture day proceeded in Ketac-bond, but they decreased in GC lining cement. Fuji lining LC was only observed after 2 days culture and there was not observed the whole culture days in Vitrebond. 7. In $^{14}C$-leucine incorporation rate test, protein synthesis was decreased with the number of culture days in GC lining cement, Vitrebond and Fuji lining LC, but it was followed that of control in Ketacbond.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.54-56
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 뇌압을 측정하기 위해 LC 공진을 이용한 압력센서를 제작하고 그 성능을 시험하였다. 원격 측정용 압력센서는 움직이는 전극역할을 하는 p+ 박막이 있는 실리콘 기판과 고정된 평면 코일이 있는 유리 기판으로 구성되어 있다. 압력에 따라 두 전극 간의 간격이 달라지고 이에 따른 캐피시턴스가 변화하여 공진주파수가 변화하게 된다. 원격 측정용 외부 안테나를 이용하여 측정회로의 공진 주파수에서 위상의 변화를 측정하여 압력을 측정한다. 상부기판은 실리콘 기판을 도핑하여 p+ 막을 형성하고 금속막을 증착하여 전극을 형성한 후 실리콘을 식각하여 완성하고. 하부기판은 유리 기판 위에 금속막을 증착한 후. 전기도금으로 평면 코일을 형성하고 다시 금속막을 증착하여 전극을 형성하여 제작한다. 압력을 변화시킬 때 전극간의 간격의 변화에 따른 공진주파수에서의 위상의 변화를 외부 안테나에 연결된 측정회로를 통해 측정한다. 측정결과 공진주파수인 160 Mhz에서 -0.08 $deg/mmH_2O$의 감도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.52-67
• /
• 1989

True nursing care means total nursing care which includes physical, emotional and spiritual care. The modern nursing care has tendency to focus toward physical care and needs attention toward emotional and spiritual care. The total nursing care is mandatory for patients with terminal cancer and for this purpose, hospice care became emerged. Hospice case originated from the place or shelter for the travellers to Jerusalem in medieval stage. However, the meaning of modem hospice care became changed to total nursing care for dying patients. Modern hospice care has been developed in England, and spreaded to U.S.A. and Canada for the patients with terminal cancer. Nowaday, it became a part of nursing care and the concept of hospice care extended to the palliative care of the cancer patients. Recently, it was introduced to Korea and received attention as model of total nursing care. This study was attempted to assess the efficacy of hospice care. The purpose of this study was to prove a difference in terms of physical, emotional a d spiritual aspect between the group who received hospice care and who didn't receive hospice care. The subject for this study were 113 patients with advanced cancer who were hospitalized in the S different hospitals. 67 patients received hospice care in 4 different hospitals, and 46 patients didn't receive hospice care in another 4 different hospitals. The method of this study was the questionaire which was made through the descriptive study. The descriptive study was made by individual contact with 102 patients cf advanced cancer for 9 months period. The measurement tool for questionaire was made by author through the descriptive study, and included the personal religious orientation obtained from chung(originated R. Fleck) and 5 emotional stages before dying from Kubler Ross. The content ol questionaire consisted in 67 items which included 11 for general characteristics, 10 for related condition with cancer, 13 for wishes far physical therapy, 13 for emotional reactions and 20 for personal religious orientation. Data for this study was collected from Aug. 25 to Oct. 6 by author and 4 other nurse's who received education and training by author for the collection of data. The collected data were ana lysed using descriptive statistics, $X^2-test$, t-test and pearson correlation coefficient. Results of the study were as follows: "H.C Group" means the group of patient with cancer who received hospice care. "Non H.C Group" means the group of patient with cancer who did not receive hospice care. 1. There is a difference between H.C Group and Non H.C Group in term of the number of physical symptoms, subjective degree of pain sensation and pain control, subjective beliefs in physical cure, emotional reaction, help of present emotional and spiritual care from other personal, needs of emotional and spiritual care in future, selection of treatment method by patients and personal religious orientation. 2. The comparison of H.C Group and Non H.C Group 1) There is no difference in wishes for physical therapy between two groups(p=.522). Among Non H.C Group, a group, who didn't receive traditional therapy and herb medicine was higher than a group who received these in degree of belief that the traditional therapy and herb medicine can cure their disease, and this result was higher in comparison to H.C Group(p=.025, p=.050). 2) Non H.C Group was higher than H.C Group in degree of emotional reaction(p=.050). H.C Group was higher than Non H.C Group in denial and acceptant stage among 5 different emotional stages before dying described by Kubler Ross, especially among the patient who had disease more than 13 months(p=.0069, p=.0198). 3) Non H.C Group was higher than H. C Group in demanding more emotional and spiritual care to doctor, nurse, family and pastor(p=. 010). 4) Non H.C Group was higher than H.C Group in demanding more emotional and spiritual care to each individual of doctor, nurse and family (p=.0110, p=.0029, P=. 0053). 5) H.C Group was higher th2.n Non H.C Group in degree of intrinsic behavior orientation and intrinsic belief orientation of personal religious orientation(p=.034, p=.026). 6) In H.C Group and Non H.C Group, the degree of emotional demanding of christians was significantly higher than non christians to doctor, nurse, family and pastor(p=. 000, p=.035). 7) In H.C Group there were significant positive correlations as following; (1) Between the degree of emotional demandings to doctor, nurse, family & pastor and: the degree of intrinsic behavior orientation in personal religious orientation(r=. 5512, p=.000). (2) Between the degree of emotional demandings to doctor, nurse. family & pastor and the degree of intrinsic belief orientation in personal religious orientation(r=.4795, p=.000). (3) Between the degree of intrinsic behavior orientation and the degree of intrinsic: belief orientation in personal religious orientation(r=.8986, p=.000). (4) Between the degree of extrinsic religious orientation and the degree of consensus religious orientation in personal religious orientation (r=. 2640, p=.015). In H.C. Group there were significant negative correlations as following; (1) Between the degree of intrinsic behavior orientation and extrinsic religious orientation in personal religious orientation (r=-.4218, p=.000). (2) Between the degree or intrinsic behavior orientation and consensus religious orientation in personal religious orientation(r=-. 4597, p=.000). (3) Between the degree of intrinsic belief orientations and the degree of extrinsic religious orientation in personal religious orientation(r=-.4388, p=.000). (4) Between the degree of intrinsic belief orientation and the degree of consensus religious orientation in personal religious orientation(r=-. 5424, p=.000). 8) In Non H.C Group there were significant positive correlation as following; (1) Between the degree of emotional demandings to doctor, nurse, family & pastor and the degree of intrinsic behavior orientation in personal religious orientation(r= .3566, p=.007). (2) Between the degree of emotional demandings to doctor, nurse, family & pastor and the degree of intrinsic belief orientation in personal religious orientation(r=.3430, p=.010). (3) Between the degree of intrinsic behavior orientation and the degree of intrinsic belief orientation in personal religious orientation(r=.9723, p=.000). In Non H.C Group there were significant negative correlation as following; (1) Between the degree of emotional demandings to doctor, nurse, family & pastor and the degree of extrinsic religious orientation in personal religious orientation(r= -.2862, p=.027). (2) Between the degree of intrinsic behavior orientation and the degree of extrinsic religious orientation in personal religious orientation(r=-. 5083, p=.000). (3) Between the degree of intrinsic belief orientation and the degree of extrinsic religious orientation in personal religious orientation(r=-. 5013, p=.000). In conclusion above datas suggest that hospice care provide effective total nursing care for the patients with terminal cancer, and hospice care is mandatory in all medical institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2004

The corrosion rate measurement procedure for the permanent ground anchors using polarization resistance measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented in this paper. The polarization resistance measurements were used to determine the correlation between corrosion rate in the steel and soil characteristics. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to predict the time dependent corrosion reaction and evaluate the different type of coating systems and the effect of cement grouting on the corrosion attack under various conditions. The results indicate that a low pH soil is a good indicator of a corrosive soil. The low pH soil condition (<5) in both clay and sand has a significant effect on the corrosion reaction of steel members in permanent found anchors. In the case of neutral and alkaline conditions beyond pH 6 in clay and sand, no consistent acceleration of corrosion was measured and the corrosion rate was constant regardless of variations of soil pH levels. Laboratory test data for porcelain clay indicate that the change of soil pH level has a small influence on the corrosion reaction in the steel member. The use of cement footing in the bonded length is sufficient to decrease the corrosion rate to a level close to 0.003∼0.01mm/y at the end of the given period. With epoxy and fusion bonded epoxy coating, the steel specimens remained unaffected and retained the original condition. It is suggested that epoxy and fusion bonded epoxy coating can provide effective protection against corrosion for a long time even in aggressive environment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 1963

The basic studies of adsorption characteristics of collector on monazite were made by electrophoretic measurement and by determination of the adsorption of some typical flotation collectors. By above measurements made on monazite, it is concluded that $H^+\;and\;OH^-$ are identified to act as potential determining ions and thus the electrical properties of monazite is controlled by the pH of the solution. Therefore, anionic collectors are adsorbed on positively charged surfaces and cationic collectors on negatively charged surfaces, which in turn controls the effective flotation condition with respective collectors for this mineral. These results have been correlated with its flotation behavior obtained by Hallimond tube test.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.353-364
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of psychotic patient after applying anger management video and tea gathering program to psychotic patient. This study was an experimental research and used nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 16 patients for an experimental group and 16 for a control group-32 in total- who were psychotic patients hospitalized in a closed ward in H mental hospital. The measurement variable is an aggressiveness scale, and the effect of the program was measured once after the video program and once after eight tea gathering. Data Analysis methods were real number and percentage, average and standard deviation, χ² test, t-test, paired t-test, and Repeated measure ANOVA. The aggression of an experiment group was significantly lower than the control group(F=14.38, p< .001). Aggressive sub-item, hostility (F=8.53, p< .001), anger (F=6.10, p=.004), verbal aggression(F=7.58, p< .001), physical aggression(F=13.92, p< .001) all of tte experiment group was significantly lower than control group. Based on these results, anger management programs can be used as basic data for anger control in psychotic patient or in various groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to find out the differences in stress perceptual levels of the Koreans according to their constitution and to analyze the effects of them on physical and mental health state. The subject of investigation was 87 outpatient department of constitution on Kyung - Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with Questionaire. The measurement tools were Questionaire of constitution Identity(by B.H.Go), Stress Scale (by P.S.Lee ) and Cornell Medical Index. All of the tools were pre -tested for their reliability and validity. Analysis of data was done using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and ANCOVA in SPSS program. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Stress perceptual level of the Koreans were significantly different as their constitution(F＝9.68, P＜.001). SOEMIN was the highest constitution in stress perceptual level. 2. In health state, there were considerable difference among the three constitutions(F＝6.654, P＜.05). SOEMIN was the lowest one at health state. 3. An inverse correlation was found out between stress perceptual level and health state(r＝- .6034, P＝.0001). 4. There were no differences in health state of the Koreans according to their constitutions if stress perceptual level excluded(F＝1.01, P＝.37). In conclusion, health state was effected not by constitutions alone, but by stress perceptual level according to constitutions of the Koreans.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.372-375
• /
• 2006

The MSC is a high resolution multi-spectral camera system which is mounted on the KOMPSAT-II satellite. The electro-optic camera system has a refocusing mechanism which can be used in-orbit by ground commands. By adjusting locations of some elements in optics, the system can be focused precisely. The focus mechanism in MSC is implemented with stepper motor and potentiometer. By reading the value of the potentiometer, rough position of the motor can be understood. The exact location of the motor can not be acquired because the information from the potentiometer can not be so accurate. However, before and after certain events of the satellite, like a satellite launch, the direction of the movement or order of the magnitude of the movement can be understood. In this paper, the trend analysis of the focus motor position during the ground test phase is introduced. This result can be used as basic information for the focus calibration after launch. By studying the long term trend, deviation from the best focal point can be understood. The positions of the focus motors after launch are also compared.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.136-144
• /
• 2005

Oxidative hair color is currently widely used because of its beautiful light color and good dyeability. In this study, hair color, oxidative agents, and dye intermediate were reacted. Modifier, which changes color with various hue, and alkaline agent, which opens the cuticle of hair fiber and enhances the dyeing reaction, were added. For gel formation, isocetyl alcohol was used as solvent in preparing three kinds of permanent oxidative hair color. Physiochemical study of prepared permanent oxidative hair color was done for basic information acquisition. Acid perspiration test, pH measurement both at room temperature and at high temperature, drop movement test, dyeability efficiency upon the amount of hydrogen peroxide added, and humidity fastness were studied. Shampoo fastness and light fastness of prepared permanent oxidative hair color dyed hair sample were also investigated. All three kinds of hair color prepared showed good properties overall, however, dyed hair sample became reddish upon shampoo fastness and lightfastness tests.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.733-746
• /
• 2004

The present study aimed to examine the effects of topical application of alendronate with a collagen membrane on the healing of the calvarial defect in rats, which has a good experimental design for the healing of tissue destruction, To study the effect of alendronate on bone healing, the collagen membrane containing $200{\mu}g$ alendronate was inserted in the defects of the right side and collagen membrane treated with physiologic saline was inserted in the defects of the left side. After 1, 2 and 4 weeks, observation of histologic feature after H&E staining, cell counting after TRAP staining, and hardness measurement(Knoop) were performed. In histologic finding, similar features were shown for both test and control groups each week. In cell counting only the 1 week test groups showed significant reduction of TRAP(+)cells than control groups(p<0.01) and the control groups showed statistically significant difference for 1, 2, 4weeks(p<0.05). In hardness measurement, The 2 week test groups showed significant higher hardness than control groups.(p<0,05) and not 4 weeks. There was significant increase of hardness for both groups as time goes by.(p<0.0l) Therefore local application of alendronate with collagen membrane was somewhat effective in reducing osteoclastic activity and increasing hardness in the early stage of healing. Further investigation concerning the actual effect of alendronate for bony healing will be necessary to apply the clinical cases