• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2006

개 난자의 체외성숙과 체외수정을 통해 수정란을 획득하기 위하여 개 난소를 채취하여 난자의 형태, 난소의 채취시기 등이 체외성숙과 체외수정에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1. 난구세포 부착 및 미부착 난자를 48시간 배양했을 때 체외 성숙율은 $42.0{\pm}3.4%,\;24.4{\pm}4.1%$였다. 난구 세포 부착 난자의 체외 성숙율이 미부착 난자의 체외 성숙율보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p>0.05). 2. 난소를 휴지기, 난포기 및 황체기로 구분하여 난자를 회수하여 배양했을 때 체외 성숙율은 각각 35.6%, 50.0%, 31.1%였고 체외 발생율은 각각 2.2%, 20.0% 및 8.9%로서 난구 세포 부착 난자가 미부착 난자에 비해 유의한 체외 수정율을 나타냈다. 3. 난구세포 부착 및 미부착 난자를 이용하여 체외수정시켰을 때 체외 수정율과 체외 발생율은 각각 48.0%, 35.6% 및 22.5%, 13.3%로서 난구세포 부착 난자가 미부착 난자에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.625-634
• /
• 2011

Green tea seed coat (GTSC) was extracted with 100% ethanol for 4 hr and then fractionated with petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EtOAC) and butanol (BuOH). The EtOAC fraction showed the highest level in total phenol contents and the lowest level in nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and its mechanisms of GTSC EtOAC fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell. GTSC EtOAC fraction contained EGC ($1146.48{\pm}11.01\;{\mu}g/g$), tannic acid ($966.99{\pm}32.24\;{\mu}g/g$), EC ($70.88{\pm}4.39\;{\mu}g/g$), gallic acid ($947.61{\pm}1.03\;{\mu}g/g$), caffeic acid ($37.69{\pm}1.46\;{\mu}g/g$), ECG ($35.46{\pm}3.19\;{\mu}g/g$), and EGCG ($15.53{\pm}0.09\;{\mu}g/g$) when analyzed by HPLC. NO production was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of $80.11\;{\mu}g$/mL. Also prostaglandin $E_2$ level was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, iNOS protein expression was suppressed in dose-dependent manner but COX-2 gene expression was not affected. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) levels were enhanced more than the LPS-control. Expressions of antioxidative enzymes including catalase, GSH-reductase and Mn-SOD were elevated compared to LPS-control. Nuclear p65 level was decreased in the GTSC EtOAC fraction in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that GTSC EtOAC fraction inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through elevated GSH levels, antioxidative enzymes expressions and suppression of iNOS expression via NF-${\kappa}B$ down-regulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.3
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 1997

The research has been made for the effects of the pollution by the abandoned coal mine drainage on the physical and chemical properties of soil, stream sediment and soil water. The soils overspreaded by the abandoned coal don't develop solum and the bulk density is $1.83g/m^3$, compared with $1.14-1.38g/m^3$ in the other forest soils. The soil pH range in coal bearing region ie, from 4.01 to 4.11 and non-coal bearing soil range is from 5.03 to 5.13. Heavy metals such as As, Cr, Ni, Mo and Ba of coal bearing soils and polluted stream sediments have larger concentration than those of non-coal content and non-polluted. Especially As and Mo concentrations are largely high in coal bearing. The relative ratios $K_2O/Na_2O$ of geochemical elements are higher in coal bearing soil and polluted stream sediments than those of non-coal bearing soils and non-polluted stream sediments as well as black shales of the Changri Formation. However, $MgO+Fe_2O_3+TiO_2/CaO+K_2O$ are the opposite trends, so that the ratios are lower in the polluted regions. The soil water pHs in the polluted regions are the strong acid(pH3.4-4.2) and buffer capacity of the polluted soil is low because canons such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{+2}$are leached by the acidification.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.11
• /
• pp.980-986
• /
• 2021

Natural products have always been an attractive source in terms of novel anti-metastatic compounds which can hinder MMP expression and activity. Corydalis heterocarpa is a salt marsh plant found in the seashores throughout Korea. Its yellow flowers and spikes have been an ingredient in folk medicine to treat spasm and contractions. The present study assessed the potential of different solvent-based fractions from the crude extract of Corydalis heterocarpa (CHE), a halophyte with reported bioactivities, to suppress the PMA-induced MMP expression in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. The solvent fractions which were named after the solvent used for fractionation (n-hexane, 85% aqueous (aq.) methanol (MeOH), n-butanol (BuOH), and H₂O were shown to inhibit the both elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and simultaneously relieved the suppression on the expression of the endogenous MMP inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Results indicated that the CHE fractions might intervene with the PMA-induced activation of the MAPK signaling which is the upstream activator of MMP overexpression. Among tested samples, 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions of CHE was determined to be the most active and future studies to isolate the bioactive substances responsible for the regulation of the MMP expression are, therefore, urged. In conclusion, C. heterocarpa was shown to be a potential source of anti-metastatic compounds and n-Hexane and MeOH fractions might yield lead molecules to develop novel MMP inhibitors.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.469-476
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the stains causing infections in dental clinics by analyzing bacterial contamination, as well as to suggest improvements for infection control in dental clinics. Methods: In this study, a questionnaire survey of 47 dental hospitals and clinics located in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon, South Korea was administered from June 2013 to September 2013 and used to investigate the practice rates of infection control by dental hygienists and to analyze the bacterial contamination levels in dental offices. Results: In the studied institutions, the bacterial contamination levels of water lines were $20.9{\times}10^3$ colony forming units (CFU)/mL for three-way syringes, $12.7{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ for high-speed handpieces and $9.8{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ for gargling water. The bacterial contamination levels of surfaces were $44.9{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ in cuspidors, higher than in unit chairs ($2.9{\times}10^3CFU/mL$) and light handles ($6.7{\times}10^3CFU/mL$). The mean bacterial cell count of water lines and surfaces was relatively high in all establishments founded 11 years ago or more, and the mean bacterial cell count of waterline handpieces was $6.27{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ in establishments founded between one and five years ago, $11.16{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ six to ten years ago and $20.04{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ 11 years ago or more, which suggests that earlier foundation is associated with higher bacterial contamination levels with a statistical difference (p<0.01). Similarly, the mean bacterial cell count of cuspidors using water from water lines was also $70.16{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ in at least 11-year-old establishments, statistically significantly higher among in one- to five-year-old ($4.61{\times}10^3CFU/mL$) and six- to ten-year-old clinics ($47.89{\times}10^3CFU/mL$) (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study may be utilized to improve the bacterial contamination levels in dental offices by controlling the characteristics and environmental factors of dental offices that affect the microbial contamination of waterlines and surfaces in such institutions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.3924-3933
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships of social support, marital conflict, self-efficacy, and mothers' parenting stress, which are known as affecting mothers' parenting behaviors of infants a lot. To this study, We used of Korea Institute of Child Care and Education's "Panel Survey of Korea Child; 2009" data. The subjects of mothers of 11~18 months infants 1,467(M=739, F=728). In order to analyze collected data, Person correlation analysis, regression/path analysis were used. The results of the study were as follows: First, the correlations among social support, marital conflict, self-efficacy, and mothers' parenting stress were between -.475 and .401, which are all significant on the level of within p<.01. Of those the correlation between the variable of self-efficacy, and mothers' parenting stress was shown highest as of -.475. Second, the correlations among these variables and mothers' parenting behaviors of infants were between -.484 and .350(all, p<.01). Mothers' parenting stress shows the highest correlations of all, next social support, self-efficacy, marital conflict in order. Third, multiple-correlation of .533, which explains at 28.4 percentage of total variance of the mothers' parenting behaviors. And -.396 in the degree of mothers' parenting stress, which explains at 15.7 percentage of the total variance of the mothers' parenting behaviors, while .223 in social support(4.97%). But marital conflict has not direct effects but indirect effects.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.32-32
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to provide basic guidelines for conservation and management of endangered plants in the national parks of Korea. Iris dichotoma Pall. (Iridaceae), which is a popular garden plant, is considered a second-class endangered species by Korean government and it is listed as a EN (Endangered) species in Red Data Book of Korea. We analyzed ecological conditions of I. dichotoma habitats based on vegetation properties and soil characteristics. This species which is known to inhabit in grassland adjacent to the ocean of lowlands slope and its population was located at an elevation of 8 m to 11 m. In the study sites, the mean of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and soil pH were 6.16%, 0.234% and 5.39 respectively. Additionally, the genetic variation and structure of three populations were assessed using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The genetic diversity of I. dichotoma (P = 59.46%, H = 0.206, S = 0.310) at the species level was relatively high. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 82.1% of the total genetic diversity was occurred in within populations and 17.9% variation among populations. Lastly, we developed predicted distribution model based on climate and topographic factors by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models). Consequently, current status of I. dichotoma habitats is limited with natural factors such as the increase of the coverage rate of the herbs due to ecological succession. Therefore, it is essential to establish in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for protecting natural habitats and to require exploring potential and alternative habitats for reintroduction.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2009

Objectives：I want to examine the antimicrobial activity of Gwankeibujalijung-tang against Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 isolated from the mouth of a common cold patient. Methods： Antimicrobial activity was assayed through the hot water extract from Gwankeibujalijung-tang against Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 isolated from the mouth of a common cold patient. Results： The size of inhibition zone of Gwankeibujalijung-tang extract was 9.83 $\pm$ 0.11 mm. The optimal pH and temperature for the growth of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 were 7.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Gwankeibujalijung-tang extract was 12 $\mu\ell$ and the antimicrobial activity of Gwankeibujalijung-tang extract was not destroyed by the heat (121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min) and not affected by pH. Conclusions： Reviewing this experimental result, it appeared that Gwankeibujalijung-tang had efficacy against Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 isolated from the mouth of a common cold patient.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.787-790
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of Acer tegmentosum M. extracts. HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells were treated with ethanol, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, aqueous fraction and hot water extract. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion, MTT-based viability assay and morphology. The trypan blue test showed that anticancer effect of the A. tegmentosum M. extracts on HepG2 cells increased gradually in proportion to the increasing concentration of the fractions. The butanol fraction showed the highest anticancer activity against HepG2 cells (p<0.05). The MTT assay indicated that the growth inhibition by the butanol fraction was dose-dependent. These results suggest that A. tegmentosum M. has the potential to inhibit the growth of hepatocarcinoma cells.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.11B
• /
• pp.938-945
• /
• 2004

This paper describes the problems of the existing two multi-layer routing policies(policy 1 and policy 2) and suggests new multi-layer routing policy(policy 3) which is established the packet LSP by inquiry on packet LSP lambda routing tables for GMPLS based optical If Network. All policies of multi-layer routing schemes first try to allocate a newly requested electrical path to an existing optical path that directly connects the source and destination nodes. U such a path is not available, all policies employ different procedures. Policy 1 tries to find available existing optical paths with two or more hops that connect the source and destination nodes and policy 2 tries to establish a new one-hop optical path between source and destination nodes. Policy 3 tries to establish a new one-hop optical path by inquiry on information of the packet LSP lambda routing tables between source and destination nodes. The performances of the three multi-routing policies are evaluated by computer simulation. Simulation results show that policy 3 is the excellent of routing time and traffic acceptance capabilities compare to existing two polices if p is large, where p is the number of packet-switching-capable ports p.