• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1998

In this research, 7 species of white rot fungi were used for determining the resistance against pentachlorophenol (PCP). Three fungi with good PCP resistance were selected for evaluating the biodegradability, and biodegradation mechanism by HPLC and GC/MS spectrometry. Among 7 fungi, there were significant differences on PCP resistance on 4 different PCP concentrations. In the concentrations of 50 and 100ppm ($\mu$g of PCP per g of 2% malt extract agar), most fungi were easily able to grow, and well suited to newly PCP-added condition, but in that of more than 250ppm, the mycelia growths of Ganoderma lucidum 20435, G. lucidum 20432, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Daldinia concentrica were significantly inhibited or even stopped by the addition of PCP to the culture. However, Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Inonotus cuticularis still kept growing at 250ppm, indicating the potential utilization of wood rot fungi to high concentrated PCP biodegradation. Particularly, P. chrysosporium even showed very rapid growth rate at more than 500ppm of PCP concentration. Three selected fungi based on the above results showed an excellent biodegradability against PCP. P. chrysosporium degraded PCP up to 84% on the first day of incubation, and during 7 days, most of added PCP were degraded. T. versicolor also showed more than 90% of biodegradability at 7th day, and even though the initial stage of degradation was very slow, I. cuticularis has been approached to 90% at 21 st day after incubation with dense growing pattern of mycelia. Therefore, the PCP biodegradability was definitely dependent on the rapid suitability of fungi to newly PCP-added condition. In addition, the PCP biodegradation by filtrates of P. chrysosporium, T. versicolor, and I. cuticularis was very minimal or limited, suggesting that the extracellular enzyme system may be not so significantly related to the PCP biodegradation. Among the biodegradation metabolites of PCP, the most abundant one was pentachloroanisole which resulted in a little weaker toxicity than PCP, and others were tetrachlorophenol, tetrachloro-hydroquinone, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid, suggesting that PCP may be biodegraded by several sequential reactions such as methylation, radical-induced oxidation, dechlorination, and hydroxylation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.629-639
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• 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cardiovascular system disorders. Cellular senescence is a key mechanism associated with dysfunction of aged vascular endothelium. Hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) has been known to non-covalently link hyaluronic acid (HA) and proteoglycans (PGs), and forms and stabilizes HAPLN1-containing aggregates as a major component of extracellular matrix. Our previous study showed that serum levels of HAPLN1 decrease with aging. Here, we found that the HAPLN1 gene expression was reduced in senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, a recombinant human HAPLN1 (rhHAPLN1) decreased the activity of senescence-associated β-gal and inhibited the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, including IL-1β, CCL2, and IL-6. rhHAPLN1 also downregulated IL-17A levels, which is known to play a key role in vascular endothelial senescence. In addition, rhHAPLN1 protected senescent HUVECs from oxidative stress by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species levels, thus promoting the function and survival of HUVECs and leading to cellular proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We also found that rhHAPLN1 not only increases the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels, but also reduces the cellular senescence markers levels, such as p53, p21, and p16. Taken together, our data indicate that rhHAPLN1 delays or inhibits the endothelial senescence induced by various aging factors, such as replicative, IL-17A, and oxidative stress-induced senescence, thus suggesting that rhHAPLN1 may be a promising therapeutic for CVD and atherosclerosis.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of seven (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) commercial ketchups marketed in Korea. The 70% ethanol extracts were prepared and evaluated for total phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and metal chelating effect. pH ranged from 3.64 to 3.94, and soluble solid and reducing sugar contents of samples were 2.21~3.51oBrix and 4.78~13.45%, respectively. Salinity of samples was in the range of 1.79 to 3.21%, and sample G showed the lowest salinity. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the Hunter color system of samples were 15.42~19.94, 18.55~23.98, and 20.87~24.34, respectively. The phenolic contents ranged from 1.37 to 2.60 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g, with samples F and G exhibiting the highest contents. Antioxidant activity determined based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and metal chelating effects were 45.10~90.87, 55.35~92.53, and 71.10~92.20%, respectively, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. Samples A and G showed higher antioxidant activity than other samples. There were positive correlations between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, suggesting that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to antioxidant activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1299-1303
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• 2009

뇌졸중 환 6명을 대상으로 발병후 3개월 지난 시기에 1차 실험을 실시하였고, 6개월 지난 시기에 2차 실험을 하여 뇌졸중환자들을 대상으로 운동학적변인, 각운동학적변인 그리고 지면반력과 발바닥의 압력분포를 알아보았다. 운동학적변인의 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 6개월간 꾸준히 재활운동에 참가한 환자는 3개월 때 보다 훨씬 보폭(step length)이 크게 나타났으며(11.18 cm, 12.25 cm, p=0.58), 보폭의 빈도(step time) 또한 빠르게 나타났다(1.20 sec, 1.18 sec, p=0.53). 환측의 발만 지지면에 닿아 있는 시간(single support time)의 연구에서는 재활운동에 꾸준히 참가한 환자가 발을 지면으로부터 빨리 떼는 것으로 나타났다(34.97%, 29.02%, p=0.74). 환측다리 움직임의 빠르기를 나타내는 변인(cadence)에서는 1분당 움직임의 회수가 6개월 운동에 참가한 사람의 보폭회수가 3개월 운동에 참가한 사람의 보폭회수 보다 훨씬 빠르게 나타났다(21.04 step/min, 28.89 step/min, 0.27). 각 운동학변인에서는 통계적으로 모든 변인에서 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 평균의 비교에서 꾸준하게 6개월 동안 재활운동에 참가한 환자는 발목관절, 무릎관절 그리고 엉덩관절 모두의 가동범위가 크게 나타났다. 걷기동작에서 상해의 원인이되는 최초 접촉 순간의 충격력(impact force)의 비교에서는 6개월간 꾸준히 재활운동에 참가한 환자는 충격력이 작게 나타났다(1.20 N/kg, 1.13 N/kg, p=0.45). 전방으로의 추진력(anterior propulsion force)과 후방으로의 감속력(posterior braking force)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p=0.28, p=0.39)를 나타내지 않았으나 재활운동에 꾸준히 참가한 환자들은 전후방의 힘(0.10 N/kg, 0.15 N/kg; -0.12 N/kg, -0.18 N/kg)이 좋아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 걷기 동작 시 환측발의 최대 압력분포값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p=0.24)는 없었으나 6개월 재활훈련참가자(15.51 N/$cm^2$)가 3개월 재활훈련참가자(13.99 N/$cm^2$) 보다 지면을 더욱 가볍게 밟고 지나가는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 연구결과들을 바탕으로 볼 때 뇌졸중 환자들은 꾸준하게 재활운동에 참가하여야 하며 주위 사람들의 관심이 항상 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.73.1-73.16
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• 2023

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is considered a global threat to both human health and the poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNA) can modulate the immune system by affecting gene expression patterns in HPAIV-infected chickens. Objectives: To gain further insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses against H5N1 infection, as well as the development of strategies for breeding disease-resistant chickens, we characterized miRNA expression patterns in tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. Methods: miRNAs expression was analyzed from two H5N1-infected Ri chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. The target genes of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted using miRDB. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were then conducted. Furthermore, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we validated the expression levels of DE miRNAs (miR-22-3p, miR-146b-3p, miR27b-3p, miR-128-3p, miR-2188-5p, miR-451, miR-205a, miR-203a, miR-21-3p, and miR-200a3p) from all comparisons and their immune-related target genes. Results: A total of 53 miRNAs were significantly expressed in the infection samples of the resistant compared to the susceptible line. Network analyses between the DE miRNAs and target genes revealed that DE miRNAs may regulate the expression of target genes involved in the transforming growth factor-beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, all of which are related to influenza A virus progression. Conclusions: Collectively, our results provided novel insights into the miRNA expression patterns of tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. More importantly, our findings offer insights into the relationship between miRNA and immune-related target genes and the role of miRNA in HPAIV infections in chickens.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.425-446
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• 1988

After 24 hours of preservation under 15 mmHg perfusion pressure the recovery rates of isolated canine hearts were determined. Preservation was performed in a cold room maintained at 4*C with 4 different types of perfusates bubbled with a mixture of 95% 0y and 5% CO~ using a modified perfusion unit designed in our institute. The perfusates used were as follows; Group 1: Krebs-Henseleit solution, Group 2: Krebs solution added by albumin and PGE1. Group 3: Modified Wicomb*s solution, Group 4: Modified Collin*s solution. The extent of myocardial recovery was evaluated using a modified isolated carmine perfusion model by measuring heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, left atrial pressure[LAP] and cardiac output. In addition to the above hemodynamic parameters, biochemical and enzymatic assays from perfusates and electron microscopic changes of the myocardium were also studied. The results were as follows; 1] The heart recovery rates were 41.6%, 53.4% and 108.9% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and group 3 elicited the best result[p< 0.001]. The heart beat was never recovered in group 4. 2] Recovered systolic arterial pressures[mmHg] were 63.3% in group 1, 94.9% in group 2 and 94.3% in group 3. 3] LAPs[mmHg] were 20 in group 1, 13.5 in group 2 and 11.2 in group 3, which suggested that the best myocardial preservation was elicited in group 3[p< 0.05]. 4] Cardiac output, the sum of aortic stroke volume and coronary leakage, were 69.1% in group 2, and 90.7% in group 3, but these were not statistically significant[p=0.24]. No aortic stroke output was measured in group 1 and 4. 5] The degree of myocardial edema increase was 17.5` in group 1, 24.6% in group 2, 20.9% in group 3 and 55.3% in group 4. But there were no statistical differences in each group[p= 0.08]. 6] CPK-MB[U/L] levels were increased 750% and 332%[p< 0.05], glucose levels[mg/dl] 60.5% and 78.2% and SGOT[U/L] levels 523% and 333%, in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Biochemical and enzymatic assays could not be performed in group 1 and group 4, because of poor recovery of heart beat. 7] Electron microscopic findings in the myocardium of most groups revealed slight to moderate muscle cell and mitochondrial edema. But all these findings were within the limits of reversible change. From these above results, it is suggested that modified Wicomb*s solution seems to be the most useful physiologic salt solution for preservation of the heart. We propose that after further study and improvement, our portable continuous hypothermic perfusion system will contribute to the development of a better preservation method for donor hearts for human heart transplantation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2009

Somatostatin (SST) is a known neuromodulator of the central nervous system. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) receives many thinmyelinated $A{\delta}$-fiber and unmyelinated C primary afferent fibers and is involved in nociceptive processing. Many studies have demonstrated that SST plays a pivotal role in pain modulation in the spinal cord. However, little is yet known about the direct effects of SST on the SG neurons of the Vc in adult mice. In our present study, we investigated the direct membrane effects of SST and a type 2 SST receptor agonist, seglitide (SEG), on the SG neurons of the Vc using a gramicidin-perforated current clamp in adult mice. The majority (53%, n = 27/51) of the adult SG neurons were hyperpolarized by SST (300 nM) but no differences were found in the hyperpolarization response rate between males and females. When SST was applied successively, the second response was smaller ($76{\pm}9.5%$, n=19), suggesting that SST receptors are desensitized by repeated application. SST-induced hyperpolarization was also maintained under conditions where presynaptic events were blocked ($75{\pm}1.0%$, n=5), suggesting that this neuromodulator exerts direct effects upon postsynaptic SG neurons. SEG was further found to induce membrane hyperpolarization of the SG neurons of the Vc. These results collectively demonstrate that SST inhibits the SG neuronal activities of the Vc in adult mice with no gender bias, and that these effects are mediated via a type 2 SST receptor, suggesting that this is a potential target for orofacial pain modulation.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2005

Wetland systems are widely accepted natural water purification systems around the world in nonpoint sources pollution control. Constructed wetlands have become a popular technology for treating contaminated surface and wastewater. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from polluted stream waters using wetland system was performed from June 2002 to March 2004, including winter performance using four newly constructed wetlands. The Dangjin stream water flowing into Seokmun estuarine lake was pumped into wetlands, and inflow and hydraulic residence time of the system was $500m^{3}{\~}1500m^{3}/day\;and\;2{\~}5$ days respectively. After 3 years operation plant-coverage was about $80~90\%$ from zero at initial stage even with no plantation. Average water quality of the influent in growing season was BOD_{5}\;3.96mg/L$, TSS 22.98 mg/L, T-N 3.29 mg/L, T-P 0.30 mg/L. The average removal rate of four wetlands for $BOD_{5},\;TSS,\;T-N\;and\;T-P$ in growing season was $24\%$, $62\%$, $54\%$, and $51\%$, respectively. And average water quality of the influent in winter season was $BOD_{5}$ 4.92 mg/L, TSS 12.47 mg/L, T-N 5.54 mg/L, and T-P 0.32 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rate of four wetlands for them was $-21\%$. $23\%$, $33\%$, and $53\%$, respectively. The reason of higher BOD_{5} effluent concentration in winter season might be that low temperature restrained microorganism activity and a organic body from the withered plant and algae was flown out. Except the result of $BOD_{5}$, the effectiveness of water quality improvement in winter season was satisfactory for treating polluted stream waters, and $BOD_{5}$ variation was within the range of background concentration. Performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB), and it was within the range of general system performance. Overall, the wetland system was found to be satisfactory for NPS control such as improvement of polluted stream water.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2006

재조합된 scFv lym-1의 세포결합 실험에서 높은 면역반응성을 보였으며, 비특이 반응에서 모항체인 IgG lym-1에 의해 결합이 억제됨을 확인하였고, 동물 영상을 통해 IgG보다 분자랑이 작은 scFv lym-1 항체가 빠른 체내대사율과 종양섭취율을 보여 방사면역진단에 유용할 것으로 보여진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.980-987
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cell status of BOEC on development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos and gene expression in BOEC before or after culturing of embryos. The developmental rates beyond morula stage in the BOEC co-culture group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). In particular, blastocyst production in the BOEC co-culture group (28.3%) was dramatically increased compared with the control group (7.2%). In the in vitro development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos according to cell status, the developmental rates beyond morula stage in the primary culture cell (PCC) co-culture group were the highest of all experimental groups. Expression of genes related to growth (TGF-${\beta}$ EGF and IGFBP), apoptosis (Bax, Caspase-3 and p53) and antioxidation (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, Catalase and GPx) in different status cells of BOEC for embryo culture was detected by RT-PCR. While EGF gene was detected in isolated fresh cells (IFC) and PCC, TGF-${\beta}$ and IGFBP were found in IFC or PCC after use in the embryo culture, respectively. Caspase-3 and Bax genes were detected in all experimental groups regardless of whether the BOEC was used or not used in the embryo culture. However, p53 gene was found in IFC of both conditions for embryo culture and in frozen/thawed culture cells (FPCC) after use in the embryo culture. Although antioxidant genes examined were detected in all experimental groups before using for the embryo culture, these genes were not detected after use. This study indicated that the BOEC co-culture system used for in vitro culture of bovine IVF embryos can increase the developmental rates, and cell generations and status of BOEC might affect the in vitro development of bovine embryos. The BOEC monolayer used in the embryo culture did not express the growth factors (TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF) and enzymatic antioxidant genes, thereby improving embryo development in vitro.