• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

변색목재의 화학적 성질을 조사한 결과, 처리전.후의 유기용매추출물 함량에 있어서 소나무재 및 리기다소나무재 공히 노화 및 변색균처리포 그 함량이 낮아지는 결과를 나타냈는바, fatty acids와 sterols 은 3주간 노화처리로 10.6-11.2%, 변색균처리로 36-41.1%의 높은 감소율을 나타냈다. triglycerides도 3주간 노화처리로 5.68-9.4%, 변색균처리로 38.5-40.0% 높은 감소율을 나타냈다. resin acids의 경우 3주간 노화처리로 6.1-11.3%, 변색균처리로 36-41.5%의 감소율을 나타냈다. 변색목재의 펄프화와 관련하여 소나무재 및 리기다소나무재의 크라프트펄프화결과, 알칼리펄프화에 비하여 펄프수율이 2-3% 높아졌다. 최적펄프화조건으로 활성알칼리농도 20%에서 펄프수율이 46.9-47.8%, reject율이 3.21-3.52%로 낮았다. 변색균처리한 목재도 활성알칼리 20%에서 펄프수율이 비교적 높은 43.5-45%를, reject율이 1.3-1.45%로서 변색균처리 모두에서 현저히 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2004

We used cDNA microarray to assess gene expression profiles in hematopoetic cell line, U-937, exposed to low doses of ionizing irradiation. The 1,000 DNA elements on this array were PCR-amplified cDNAs selected from named human cancer related genes. According to the strength of irradiation, the levels of some gene expression were increased or decreased as dose-dependent manner. The gene expressions of Tubulin alpha, protein kinase, interferon-alpha, -beta, -omega receptor and ras homolog gene family H were significantly increased. Especially, Tubulin gene was shown 2.5 fold up-regulated manner under stress of 500 rad irradiation than 200 rad. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factor 12 and four and a half LIM domains, etc. were significantly down-regu-lated. Also, tumor protein 53(TP53) related genes that p53 inducible protein, tumor protein 53-binding protein looks of little significance as radiation sensitive manner. The radio-sensitivity of tubulin gene etc. that we proposed could be useful to rapid and correct survey for the bio-damage by exposure to low dose irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes and identify prognostic factors in patients with cerebral metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) particularly, focusing on associations of biomarkers and systemic treatments. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 134 patients who underwent GKS for brain metastases due to NSCLC between January 2002 and December 2012. Representative biomarkers including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, K-ras mutation, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation status were investigated. Results : The median overall survival after GKS was 22.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8-35.1 months). During follow-up, 63 patients underwent salvage treatment after GKS. The median salvage treatment-free survival was 7.9 months (95% CI, 5.2-10.6 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that lower recursive partition analysis (RPA) class, small number of brain lesions, EGFR mutation (+), and ALK mutation (+) were independent positive prognostic factors associated with longer overall survival. Patients who received target agents 30 days after GKS experienced significant improvements in overall survival and salvage treatment-free survival than patients who never received target agents and patients who received target agents before GKS or within 30 days (median overall survival: 5.0 months vs. 18.2 months, and 48.0 months with p-value=0.026; median salvage treatment-free survival: 4.3 months vs. 6.1 months and 16.6 months with p-value=0.006, respectively). To assess the influence of target agents on the pattern of progression, cases that showed local recurrence and new lesion formation were analyzed according to target agents, but no significant effects were identified. Conclusion : The prognosis of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC after GKS significantly differed according to specific biomarkers (EGFR and ALK mutations). Our results show that target agents combined with GKS was related to significantly longer overall survival, and salvage treatment-free survival. However, target agents were not specifically associated with improved local control of the lesion treated by GKS either development of new lesions. Therefore, it seems that currently popular target agents do not affect brain lesions themselves, and can prolong survival by controlling systemic disease status.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.566-575
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• 2008

Twenty-five chipmunk species occur in the world, of which only the Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus, inhabits Asia. To investigate mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variations and population structure of the Siberian chipmunk in northeastern Asia, we examined mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (1140 bp) from 3 countries. Analyses of 41 individuals from South Korea and 33 individuals from Russia and northeast China resulted in 37 haplotypes and 27 haplotypes, respectively. There were no shared haplotypes between South Korea and Russia - northeast China. Phylogenetic trees and network analysis showed 2 major maternal lineages for haplotypes, referred to as the S and R lineages. Haplotype grouping in each cluster was nearly coincident with its geographic affinity. In particular, 3 distinct groups were found that mostly clustered in the northern, central and southern parts of South Korea. Nucleotide diversity of the S lineage was twice that of lineage R. The divergence between S and R lineages was estimated to be 2.98-0.98 Myr. During the ice age, there may have been at least 2 refuges in South Korea and Russia - northeast China. The sequence variation between the S and R lineages was 11.3% (K2P), which is indicative of specific recognition in rodents. These results suggest that T. sibiricus from South Korea could be considered a separate species. However, additional information, such as details of distribution, nuclear genes data or morphology, is required to strengthen this hypothesis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1997

목적 : 근치적 목적으로 통상적인 방사선 단독치료 또는 유도화학 방사선 병용요법을 받은 편도암 환자들을 대상으로 생존율과 예후인자를 후향적으로 분석하여 이들 치료방법의 역할을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년 11월부터 1993년 12월까지 근치적 목적의 통상적 방사선 치료를 받은 총 34명의 편도암 환자 중 16명은 방사선 단독치료를, 다른 18명은 유도화학 방사선 병용요법으로 치료하였고 유도화학 약제는 cisplatin과 5-fluorouracil 또는 pepleomycin으로 1회에서 3회까지 시행하였다. 방사선 치료는 6MV-X선으로 하루 1.8Gy씩 주 5회 시행하여 원발병소에는 55.0-86.4Gy(중앙값; 66.6), 경부 임파절 병소에는 55.8-90Gy(중앙값; 69.7)까지 시행하였다. 결과 :추적기간은 4-118개월(중앙값; 13.5)이었고 남녀비는 31:3 이었고 연령분포는 33-79세 (중앙값; 56.5)였다. 전체 환자의 5년 생존율은 $32\%$였다.. 병기 I+II(n=8), II(n=13), III(n=13)기의 5년 생존율은 각각 $47\%,\;29\%,\;25\%$였다(p=0.33). 병기 72(n=13), 73(n=10), 74(n=7)의 5년 생존율은 각각 $38\%,\;27\%,\;0\%$였고, 71환자 4명 중 3명은 25, 45, 53개월 현재 재발 또는 원격 전이없이 생존중이며 전체 T병기에서의 생존율의 경향은 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.01). 경부 임파절의 전이군(n=20, $59\%$)과 비전이군(n=14)의 5년 생존율은 각각 $32\%,\;31\%$였다(p=0.85). 방사선 단독치료군(n=16)과 유도화학 병용요법군(n=18)의 중앙 생존기간은 각각 9.5개월, 24개월이었고 5년 생존율은 각각 $22\%,\;38\%$였으나 통계적인 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.24). 원발암의 주위 조직으로의 침습여부에 따라 침습군(n=21)과 비침습군(n=13)의 5년 생존율은 각각 $28\%,\;38\%$였다(p=0.62). 방사선 치료기간에 따라 60일 이하군(n=10)과 61일 이상군(n=24)의 5년 생존율은 $60\%,\;18\%$였다(p=0.027). 현재 생존하고 있는 11명의 환자들은 모두 구강 건조, 발치, 충치, 연하 장애 그리고 하악골 괴사 1례 등 만기 후유증을 호소하였다. 5년 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자로서 단일변량 분석으로는 방사선 치료기간의 장단과 원발암의 병기였고, 다변량 분석에서는 방사선 치료기간만이 가장 유의한 인자였다. 전체 환자 중 2명은 진단 당시 동시적 이증 원발암으로서 각각 구개수암, 구강저암이 있었고 다른 3명은 추적기간 17, 33, 36개월째에 이차성 원발암으로서 각각 식도암, 설암, 폐암이 진단되었다. 결론 : 유도화학방사선 병용요법 또는 통상적인 방사선 단독치료는 일부 소수 초기 병변에서 그 치료적 효과를 볼 수 있었으나 대부분의 진행된 병기에서는 저조한 효과를 보였고 생존자 전원은 심각한 만기 후유중을 호소하여, 결국 국소제어율의 상승과 함께 더 작은 일회 조사량으로 만기 후유증을 최소화하려는 생물학적인 측면을 고려하여 가급적 치료기간을 줄일 수 있는 다분 할조사가 시행되어야 할 것이고 이에 대한 전향적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

Transgenic mouse models have been introduced and accepted by regulatory bodies as an alternative to carcinogenicity assay models to predict and evaluate chemical carcinogens. The recent research outcomes in transgenic mouse models have made progressive advances in the understanding of chemical carcinogenesis and the evaluation of potential human carcinogens. However, these models still remain to be insufficient assay systems although the insufficiencies have been recognised and are being resolved. Based on up to date information from literature, this review article intends to understand currently accepted transgenic mouse models, issues arising from study design, interpretation of the study, results of validation project and their cancer prediction rate, and further perspectives of cancer assay models from the regulatory view point.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5917-5920
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to explore the effects of ras association domain family 1 A (RASSF1A) on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical cancer cell line Hela cells. Materials and Methods: RASSF1A was cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+) vector to generate pcDNA3.1(+)-RASSF1A plasmid for transfection into Hela cells. Changes in the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured Hela cells were examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride assay and flow cytometry. A protein array was used to analyze the expression of apoptotic factors. Results: Plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-RASSF1A was generated and transfected into Hela cells to stably express RASSF1A in Hela cells. RASSF1A transfection was effective in inhibiting the proliferation of Hela cells up to 52.4%, as compared to cells transfected with an empty plasmid. RASSF1A expression also successfully induced apoptosis in human cervical cells with an apoptosis rate of 20.5%. More importantly, protein array results showed that RASSF1 A transfection induced overexpression of p21 and caspase 8, while decreasing the expression of survivin in Hela cells. Conclusions: RASSF1A expression was effective in suppressing the proliferation and increasing apoptosis of Hela cells, and may be a potential therapy for cervical cancer in clinic.