• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Purpose & Method : This purpose of this paper was to show the importance of paramedics. The trauma patients receiving a temporary treatment from emergency medical technician filled out a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the satisfaction for EMS. The data collection was from October 23 to November 12, 2006. The patients were in the Kyeonggi province hospital having more than 500 beds. At the time of discharge, the questionnaire forms were distributed. Results : Males showed higher satisfaction than females when they had a paramedics, and this indicated statistically significant difference(p<.05). The groups showing higher satisfaction for EMT 1 practice included patients over 40 years old, educated under high school, and income over 2 million won. Before the trauma patients were treated, they were satisfied with short waiting time less than 10 minutes. They showed higher satisfaction within 2 hours duration. Conclusion : Summing up the above result, it was found that the group treated by an emergency medical technician showed higher satisfaction than the group not treated by an emergency medical technician. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange paramedics in emergency medical centers to improve satisfaction with emergency medical services. And since it is a crucial factor that affects patient's satisfaction significantly, it is urgent to increase the roles of emergency medical technicians and lay the foundation for legal institutions.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.92-102
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• 1992

선박의 충돌사고시 선수구조의 충격에너지 흡수능력의 추정은 피충돌선박 또는 해양구조물의 충돌에 대응하는 구조설계에 중요하게 이용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 복잡한 선수구조의 충돌에 대한 파손량의 추정을 위하여 선수구조를 에너지흡수 단위구조인 기본 요소들로 구분하고 각각의 요소에 대한 압괴강도를 추정할 수 있는 이론식을 제안하였고, 이를 실험 결과들과 비교하여 유용성을 검증하였다. 또한, 이 단위 구조요소들의 에너지흡수 추정식을 조합하여 선수구조와 같이 복잡한 구조에 적용할 수 있는 간이한 식을 유도하였다. 한편, 이러한 과정을 복잡한 구조의 파손해석을 수행할 수 있는 컴퓨터 코드를 개발하였고, 이를 선수구조 모델의 압괴실험 결과에 적용하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1999

트렌치를 이용하여 다성분 탄성파 탐사에 필요한 횡파를 발생시키는 현장 실험을 2개소에서 실시하였다. 실험결과 1개소에서는 트렌치 연장 방향에 직각 방향으로 양호하게 분극된 횡파를 얻을 수 있었으며 다른 한 곳에서는 횡파 생성에 실패하였다. 시추공 내에 설치한 3성분 지오폰 기록을 필터링, 에너지 balancing, 수평 및 수직 성분 자료의 가$\cdot$감산 등 전처리 과정을 거쳐 P파와 S파를 분리하였고, S파의 직접파 이벤트를 분석하여 매질의 이방성을 관측할 수 있었다. 분석결과에 의하면 $SH_{max}$ 방향이 남북 방향이었으며 이는 시추코어에서 관찰된 파쇄대 절리 방향과 같다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.637-640
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• 2000

ERG signal represents the responses of the each layer of retina for the visual stimulus and accumulated responses according to the signal processing occurring in the retina. By investigating the reaction types of each wave of the ERG, various kinds of information for the diagnosis and the signal processing mechanisms in the retina can be obtained. In this paper, the ERG signal is generated by simulating of the volume conductor field of response of each retina layer and summing of them algebraically. The retina model used for simulation is Shah’s Computer Retina model which is one of the most reliable models recently developed. The generated ERG is compared with the typical ERG and shows a very close similarity. By changing the parameters of the retina model, the diagnostic investigation is performed with the variation of the ERG waveform.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-21
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• 1995

This study purports to investigate moral reasoning and ethical decision making among student nurses in the hypothetical moral dilemmas. The subjects consisted of 25 senior nursing students attending at a four-year college. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires in November, 1993. The questionnaires included two kinds of tests. Rest's Defining Issues Test was adopted to measure the stage of moral development, which was classified with the stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation), the stage 3 (interpersonal concordance), the stage 4 (law and order), the stage 5A (societal consensus), and the stage 5B (intuitional humanism). In particular, the level of principled thinking (P) was measured by summing those scores of the stages 5A, 5B, and 6. The possible range of P is 0 to 95. As for measuring the levels of morality and nursing dilemma, Crisham's Nursing Dilemma Test was adopted. This test generated the morality score(MS) and the dilemma score (DS). The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The findings are following. 1. The mean score of P was 52.93 (SD=12.82). The mean score of the stage 5A was significantly higher than the scores of other stages (17.92, p=.0001). 2. The mean score of P was not significantly different by general characteristics of the students. Of the scores of each stage, only the mean score of the stage 3 revealed significant difference by the status of living with parents(p=.0283). The score was highest when "living with both parents"(15.22), which was followed by "living with no parents"(10.0), "living with father only"(9.0), and "living with mother only"(7.50). 3. With regard to the five dilemmas postulated such as forcing medication, performing cardiac pulmonary resuscitation, reporting a medication error, informing diagnosis to terminally ill adult, and providing new-nurse orientation, most students perceived them as moral dilemma rather than nonmoral one. Most students made a positive decision according to moral reasoning in the above situations except for providing new-nurse orientation. 4. The mean score of the MS was 3.30 and that of the DS was 3.32. These scores did not show significant difference with general characteristics of the students. 5. As for the correlations between moral reasoning and decision making, the score of the stage 5A was positively correlated with the scores of P(.74, p<.0001) and DS(.56, p<.001). Positive correlation was also observed between the scores of stage 2 and stage 4(.68, p<.0001). On the other hand, the score of P was negatively correlated with the scores of stage 3(-.47, p<.05) and of stage 4(-.55, p<.001). The score of the stage 5A was also negatively correlated with the score of the stage 6(-.42, p<.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2005

일반적인 프레스햄을 대조구로 설정하고, 인삼 분말 첨가수준을 달리하여 4처리구로 설정하였으며, 등심 원료육 중량에 대하여 처리구별로 $0.5\%$(처리구 1), $1\%$(처리구 2), $1.5\%$(처리구 3), $2\%$(처리구 4)를 첨가하여 프레스햄을 제조한 후 진공포장하여 냉장온도($4^{\circ}C$)에서 1, 7, 14, 21 및 28일간 저장하면서 일반성분, 이화학적 특성 분석(pH, 육색)및 조직감 등을 조사하여 품질 특성을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 일반 성분 조성은 대조구와 인삼 분말 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 인삼 분말 첨가구의 pH는 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05), 모든 처리구가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였다. 육색중 명도와 황색도는 대조구에 비하여 인삼분말 첨가구가 유의적으로 높았으며, 적색도는 대조구가 인삼분말 첨가구에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. 육색은 저장기간이 경과하여도 변화가 없었다. 조직감은 대조구와 인삼 분말첨가구 간에 유의적인 차이는 있었지만 뚜렷한 경향이 없었으며, 모든 처리구가 저장기간이 경과하여도 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. 이상의 결과 프레스햄 제조시 인삼분말 첨가가 이화학적 특성 및 조직감에 영향을 미치지 않으며, 제품의 사포닌 성분이 축적된 고급 육제품 생산이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2000

This study to study and analyze the current state of infancy breast-feeding ＆ practice and related factors and to provide basic data for the effective practice of breast-feeding and breast-feeding percentage improvement. For the object, 474 mothers of the infants who were born between Jan. 1, 1998 and Dec. 31, 1998 were selected, and the survey period ＆ method were from Oct. 15, 1999 through Nov. 14, 1999 (1 month period) and telephone interview, respectively. To examine by month breast-feeding type, the average breast-feeding percentage in 1 month after a child's birth was 42.4%, but after 6 month it decreased to 23.0%. To see breast-feeding percentage by academic background, the breast-feeding of elementary school graduated mothers was 33.3%, which was highest, and it decreased as the academic background of mothers went better (p〈0.01). By employment state, the percentage for the mothers who were not employed was higher (24.6%) than that of those who were employed at the time, which was 8.0% (p〈0.001). There was no meaningful difference found in breast-feeding percentage by infant mothers age, delivery place, infant sex, child order in family, weight at the time of birth. To examine breast-feeding percentage by delivery method, natural delivery was 27.0% which was higher than 13.1% of Caesarean section (p〈0.01), and by breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital, 35.6% of those who have breast-fed were breast-feeding while it was 16.4% for those who never did it while in the hospital (p〈0.001). After conducting logistics multi return analysis having breast-feeding percentage as a variable at the time of 6 months after babys birth, I found that infant mothers employment state, delivery method, and breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital become meaningful variables. As unemployed mothers (p〈0.05), as chose natural delivery (p〈0.05), as experienced breast-feeding before leaving the hospital (p〈0.001), there was more tendency to do breast-feeding. Summing the above results, I would like to suggest the following to raise breast-feeding percentage. Firstly, systematic education about the importance and advantages of breast-feeding and correct breast-feeding method should be practised for women. Secondly, vacation before and after childbirth for working women should be practised and the support of systems for working womens breast-feeding such as installation of nursery in work place are needed. Thirdly, continuous publicity and education for natural delivery inducement is necessary, and for the ones who chose Caesarean section, recommendation of breast-feeding is also needed. Fourth, for breast-feeding within fastest time after delivery, rooming-in required and legal and systematic support is also needed. Lastly, in the governmental level, publicity for breast-feeding and breast-feeding recommending programs that promotes 10 rules for successful breast-feeding bringing-up, provided by UNISEF and WHO, are to be provided.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.268-284
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• 1995

This study was designed to test effects of nursing ethics education (NEE) on moral reasoning and ethical decision making of subjects. This NEE that was teached for 10 hours course was composed of these : Nurses' ethical code, moral responsibility, Moral value and professional accountability, Respect for human life, General ethics, Theory and Norms of biomedical ethics, Ethical decision making model and Discussion about hypothetical ethical dilemmas Twenty-five senior student nurses were sampled from four year college of nursing from Nov. 3rd, 1993 to Nov. 24th, 1993. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires included two kinds of tests. Rest's Defining Issues Test was adopted to measure the stage of moral development, which was classified with the stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation), the stage 3 (interpersonal concordance), the stage 4 (law and order), the stage 5A (societal consensus), and the stage 5B (intuitional humanism), the stage 6 (universal ethical practice). In particular, the level of principled thinking (P) was measured by summing these scores of the stages 5A, 5B, and 6. The possible range of P is 0 to 95. As for measuring the levels of morality and nursing dilemma, Crisham's Nursing Dilemma Test was adopted. This test generated the morality score(MS) and the dilemma score (DS). The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mc Nemar's test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows ; 1. For the Moral Reasoning both before and after NEE, The Mean score of the stage 5A was significantly higher than that of other stages.(P=0.0001) Before NEE, the mean score of the stage 4 was significantly different from stage 2, 3, 5A, and after NEE, different from stage 2, 5B,6. 2. The analysis of change of moral development level revealed that the score of stage 4 increased after NEE.(P=0.0004) 3. The Effect of NEE for the mean score of 5A, 6, P after education was significantly different by birth place. 4. With regard to the five dilemmas postulated such as forcing medication performing cardiac pulmonary resuscitation, reporting a medication error, informing diagnosis to terminally ill adult, and providing new-nurse orientation, the mean score of the MS and the DS was no significant difference with general characteristics of the students. Effect of NEE morality score and dilemma score after education was no significant difference. 5. As for the correlations between moral reasoning and decision making, the score of the stage 2, 5A, 6, DS was positively correlated with the scores of before and after. Positive correlation was also observed between the scores of stage 2 and stage 4, stage 3 and 6. On the other hand, the score of P was negatively correlated with the scores of stage 2 and of stage 4 and of stage 5A. The score of the stage 5A was also negatively correlated with the score of the sge 6.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.65-85
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• 2012

이 연구는 '발명 기법과 실제' 단원에서 동료 멘토링 수업이 자아효능감에 미치는 영향을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 실험 집단과 비교 집단을 선정하여 연구를 실시하였다. 발명 기법과 실제 단원의 5차시에 대한 학습을 실험 집단에게는 동료 멘토링 수업을 진행하였고 비교 집단에는 개별 수업을 적용하였다. 자아효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 자아효능감 검사지를 활용하여 사전 검사와 사후 검사를 실시하였고, 실험 집단과 비교 집단 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 나타날 것인지를 검증하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자아효능감에 대한 검사 결과는 사전 검사에서 두 집단 사이에 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 사후 검사에서는 동료 멘토링 수업을 한 실험 집단이 비교 집단보다 통계적으로도 p<.05 수준에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 또 집단 내 사전, 사후검사 결과 비교 집단과 실험 집단 모두 통계적으로 p<.05 수준에서 유의미한 차이를 보여 주었으나 자아효능감이 향상된 정도가 비교 집단에 비해 실험 집단이 더 크다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 자아효능감의 하위요소별로 살펴보면 활동시작 능력기대, 활동지속 능력기대, 활동수행 능력기대, 경험극복 능력기대의 모든 요소에서 통계적으로 p<.05 수준에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 동료 멘토링 수업을 적용한 실험 집단이 개별 수업을 적용한 비교 집단보다 자아효능감의 하위요소에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 동료 멘토링 수업이 개별 수업보다 자아효능감에 더 긍정적인 변화를 보여주는 교수 학습 방법임을 알 수 있다. 즉, 동료 멘토링 수업이 자아효능감의 향상에 더 효과적이라는 것이 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2006

일반적인 프레스햄을 대조구로 설정하고, 인삼분말 첨가수준을 달리하여 4 처리구로 설정하였으며, 등심 원료육 중량에 대하여 처리구별로 0.5%(처리구 1), 1%(처리구 2), 1.5%(처리구 3), 2%(처리구 4)를 첨가하여 프레스햄을 제조한 후 진공포장하여 냉장온도(4℃)에서 1, 7, 14, 21 및 28일간 저장하면서 전단가, 관능적 특성분석, 지방산화 및 지방산 조성변화 등을 조사하여 품질 특성을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 전단가는 대조구와 인삼분말 첨가구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 모든 처리구가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였다. 관능적 특성 중 육색은 인삼분말 첨가구에 비하여 대조구가 유의적으로 높았으며, 인삼 향은 인삼분말 첨가수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 전체적인 기호성은 대조구에 비하여 인삼분말 첨가구가 다소 높은 경향이었다. 모든 항목에서 저장기간이 경과하여도 뚜렷한 경향은 없었다. 지방산화는 인삼분말 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았으며(P<0.05), 지방산화는 모든 처리구가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 지방산 조성은 대조구와 인삼분말 첨가구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화는 없었다.이상의 결과 프레스햄 제조시 인삼분말 첨가가 전단가, 관능적 평가 및 지방산 조성에 영향을 미치지 않으며, 제품의 저장기간을 연장 및 사포닌 성분이 축적된 고급 육제품 생산이 가능하다고 사료된다.