• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.289-304
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• 2021

In this paper, we establish several geometric characterizations focusing on the relationship between the squared norm of the second fundamental form and the warping function of SCR-lightlike warped product submanifolds in an indefinite Kaehler manifold. In particular, we find an estimate for the squared norm of the second fundamental form h in terms of the Hessian of the warping function λ for SCR-lightlike warped product submanifolds of an indefinite complex space form. Consequently, we derive an optimal inequality, namely $${\parallel}h{\parallel}^2{\geq}2q\{{\Delta}(ln{\lambda})+{\parallel}{\nabla}(ln{\lambda}){\parallel}^2+\frac{c}{2}p\}$$, for SCR-lightlike warped product submanifolds in an indefinite complex space form. We also provide one non-trivial example for this class of warped products in an indefinite Kaehler manifold.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationships among consumer's values(individualism and collectivism), attitude, subjective norms, and visit intention using reasoned action theory(RAT). The data were collected from 12 5 customers who visited coffee shops in Seoul and Kyonggi and were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and AMOS The result of the overall model analysis appeared as follows: χ2=11.347, df=2, p=0.003, GF I=0.966, NF I=0.946, CF I=0.954, RMR=0.05 The findings are as follows: First, collectivism had a positive influence on attitudes and subjective norms. Second, Individualism had a significant positive influence on attitude toward coffee shops, but not on subjective norms. Third, both attitude and subjective norm had positive effects on visit intention.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.183-205
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• 2024

In this paper, for an m-dimensional (m ≥ 5) complete non-compact submanifold M immersed in an n-dimensional (n ≥ 6) simply connected Riemannian manifold N with negative sectional curvature, under suitable constraints on the squared norm of the second fundamental form of M, the norm of its weighted mean curvature vector |H_f| and the weighted real-valued function f, we can obtain: • several one-end theorems for M; • two Liouville theorems for harmonic maps from M to complete Riemannian manifolds with nonpositive sectional curvature.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.366-373
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a similarity search algorithm for image databases. One of the central problems regarding content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is the semantic gap between the low-level features computed automatically from images and the human interpretation of image content. Many search algorithms used in CBIR have used the Minkowski metric (or $L_p$-norm) to measure similarity between image pairs. However those functions cannot adequately capture the aspects of the characteristics of the human visual system as well as the nonlinear relationships in contextual information. Our new search algorithm tackles this problem by employing new similarity measures and ranking strategies that reflect the nonlinearity of human perception and contextual information. Our search algorithm yields superior experimental results on a real handwritten digit image database and demonstrates its effectiveness.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

Boolean retrieval is simple and elegant. However, since there is no provision for term weighting, no ranking of the answer set is generated. As a result, the size of the output might be too large or too small. Relevance feedback is the most popular query reformulation strategy. in a relevance feedback cycle, the user is presented with a list of the retrieved documents and, after examining them, marks those which are relevant. In practice, only the top 10(or 20) ranked documents need to be examined. The main idea consists of selecting important terms, or expressions, attached to the documents that have been identified as relevant by the user, and of enhancing the importance of these terms in a new query formulation. The expected effect is that the new query will be moved towards the relevant documents and away from the non-relevant ones. Local analysis techniques are interesting because they take advantage of the local context provided with the query. In this regard, they seem more appropriate than global analysis techniques. In a local strategy, the documents retrieved for a given query q are examined at query time to determine terms for query expansion. This is similar to a relevance feedback cycle but might be done without assistance from the user.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

The dynamic behaviour of a four-span continuous girder railway bridge subjected to multiple support excitations is investigated using the response spectrum method. Small-amplitude oscillations and linear-elastic material behaviour are assumed. Soil-structure interaction effects are disregarded and only the out-of-plane response of the bridge is considered. The results of the response spectrum analysis are compared with those from a time history analysis. Different combination rules for the superposition of modal maxima as well as supports are employed, such as square-root-of-sum-squares, double sum and p-norm methods.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

Objective : To evaluate autonomic nerve balance and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with inner ear dysfunction as examined by heart rate variability(HRV) Research Methods and Procedures : One hundred and twenty three patients(between 15 to 59 years old) who visited Dept. of Oriental medical Opthalmology & Otolaryngology, Kyunghee university and had an examination of HRV test, were selected as subjects of our study. We checked items of HRV test(such as SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, TP, norm-LF, norm-HF, LF/HF ratio), and analyzed time and frequency domain differences between three groups classified as tinnitus, hearing loss and vertigo. And we compared HRV items(such as SDNN,RMSSD, TP and LF/HF ratio) with standard levels. Results and Conclusion : Our results showed no significant differences between three groups in HRV items except for mean heart rate. Patients with inner ear dysfunction showed significant lower TP than 2000$(ms^{2})$(p <0.001) and significant higher LF/HF ratio than 1.5(p=0.003). So we suggest that patients with inner ear dysfunctions such as tinnitus, vertigo and hearing loss, have sympathetic hypertonus and inactivity of autonomic nerve regulation.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.291-298
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• 1998

The $L^p-L^q$ mapping properties of convolution operators with measures supported on curves in $\mathbb{R}^3$ have been studied by many authors. Oberlin provided examples of nondegenerate compact space curves whose arclength measures enjoy $L^p$-improving properties. This was later extended by Pan who showed that such properties hold for all nondegenerate compact space curves. In this paper, we will prove that the operator norm of the convolution operator with the arclength measure supported on a nondegenerate compact space curve depends only on certain quantities of the underlying curve.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.975-1002
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• 2005

On the setting of the upper half-space H of the Eu­clidean n-space, we show the boundedness of weighted Bergman projection for 1 < p < $\infty$ and nonorthogonal projections for 1 $\leq$ p < $\infty$ . Using these results, we show that Bergman norm is equiva­ lent to the normal derivative norms on weighted harmonic Bergman spaces. Finally, we find the dual of b$\_{$^{1}$.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1053-1056
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• 2004

In this article we have applied Schweizer & Sklars t-norm based similarity measures to classification task. We will compare results to fuzzy similarity measure based classification and show that sometimes better results can be found by using these measures than fuzzy similarity measure. We will also show that classification results are not so sensitive to p values with Schweizer & Sklars measures than when fuzzy similarity is used. This is quite important when one does not have luxury of tuning these kind of parameters but needs good classification results fast.