• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (Th 459), isolated from sawdust compost, was effective in controlling cucumber and tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea under controlled and plastic film tunnel conditions. A water suspension of the wettable powder formulation of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by foliar spraying at all tested concentrations from $10^5\;to\;10^8$ colony forming unit (cfu)/ml in repeated experiments. The control efficacy was maintained at least seven days with the average control value of 70% in cucumber pot tests. Mixing one to eight grams of the granular formulation ($10^8cfu/g$ dry weight) of Th 459 into one liter nursery potting mix at seeding also significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by suppression of lesion formation three weeks after treatment. Application of mixing granular formulation at seeding in combination with foliar spraying during cultivation provided a more significant reduction $(P\leq0.05)$ of cucumber gray mold than granule mixing or leaf spray alone. The foliar spraying of the formulated wettable powder of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the infection of tomato fruits by B. cinerea as effective as the chemical fungicide, dichlofluanid, in three plastic film tunnel experiment trials. It is suggested that effective control of gray mold of cucumber and tomato can be provided by both treatment of Th 459 into potting mix and foliar spray through induction of systemic resistance and direct inhibition of the pathogen.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1071-1079
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• 2011

본 연구는 다량의 중금속을 함유하는 폐석탄 광산에 적치된 폐석으로부터 발생하는 침출수의 안정화를 위해 석탄회를 안정화제로서의 적용성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 석탄폐석에 석탄회를 적용하여 컬럼시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 석탄회의 pH는 비산재와 바닥재가 각각 11.1, 9.7의 강알칼리성을 갖는 것으로 나타나 강산성 조건의 폐석 (pH 3.5)를 교정하였으며 유기물을 비롯하여 식물 생장에 필요한 영양소인 인산, 칼슘 등을 함유하는 것으로 나타나 폐석과 혼합할 경우 비옥도가 개선될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 2) 폐석만을 충진한 컬럼에서 발생하는 침출수의 pH는 3.5~4.0의 수준을 시험기간 동안 지속적으로 유지하는 것으로 나타나지만, 석탄회의 처리량에 따라 40% (pH 5.0~6.0) > 20% (pH 4.5)로 나타나고, 동일 처리량 (40%)의 처리방법에 따른 효율성은 완전혼합 (pH 5.0~6.0) 방법이 층위처리 (pH 4.0~4.5)에 비해 pH 상승효과가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 3) 침출수의 Ca과 Mg의 함량은 4 pore volume까지 빠르게 용탈되다 그 이후부터 안정화 되었으며 석탄회에서 용탈된 Ca과 Mg의 영향으로 폐석에 함유되었던 Cu, Pb, As, 및 Al 등이 탄산이온 ($CO_3^{2-}$) 또는 수산화이온 ($OH^-$)과 불용성 화합물을 형성하여 안정화 되는 것으로 사료된다. 4) 철의 용존함유량에 대한 분석결과 석탄회 처리구의 용존량이 석탄회를 40% 층위처리한 처리구를 제외하고 대조구에 비해 약 8-74% 정도 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 5) 석탄회를 이용한 폐석의 중화 및 철의 용존량 감소 효율성을 평가한 결과 폐석의 중화 효율성은 석탄회를 40% 완전혼합한 경우 가장 높았으며 철의 용존량 감소 효율성은 석탄회를 20% 완전혼합한 경우가 가장 좋은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 석탄회를 이용하여 현장에서 폐석을 처리할 경우 약 20-40%의 석탄회를 처리해야 높은 효율성을 얻을 수 있을것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.209-212
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• 2002

Main radionuclides of the soil waste stored in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute are Co-60 and Cs-137. Moisture content of soil is 12%, pH of soil is 5.8, and content of organic matter is 2.2 %. Radioactive concentrations of the soil particle size of which is less than 0.063mm and soil in the drum surface of which is more than radiation dose rate 0.05mR/hr are higher. Meanwhile, radioactive concentration of soil in the drum surface of which is less than radiation dose rate 0.02 mR/hr are mostly lower. On using the mixing solution of ammonium sulfate and citric acid, 62% Co was removed from soil and 41% Cs was removed. Also, on using the mixing solution of ammonium nitrate and citric acid, 61% Co was removed from soil and 39% Cs was removed, and on using the mixing solution of ammonium potassium oxalate, 36% Co was removed and only 3% Cs was removed. And on using only water, removal efficiency is less than 5%.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.715-718
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• 2001

This study uses traditional alum coagulation and sedimentation process to treat CMP wastewater from cleaning after polishing. The primary goal is to successfully recycle both solid fines and water for semiconductor manufacturing. Results indicated that CMP wastewater may be successfully treated to recover clean water and fine particles by alum coagulation. The optimum operating conditions for coagulation are as fellowing: alum dosage of 10 ppm, pH at 5, rapid mixing speed at 800 rpm, 5 min rapid mixing time, and long slow mixing time. The treated water with low turbidity and an average residual aluminum ion concentration of 0.23 ppm may be considered for reuse. The settled sludge after alum coagulation contains mainly SiO$_2$particle with a minor content of aluminum (1.7 wt%) may be considered as raw materials for glass and ceramic industry.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1986

This study was designed to compare the antimicrobial effect of the several root canal cements and to determine the duration of their activity. After Strep. sanguis 9811 was streaked on the surface of BHI agar and Plain agar, PVC tubes filled with root canal cements were applied and cultured for 48 hours, aerobically. Following results were obtained, 1. All of the examined root canal cements had antimicrobial activity with varying degree. 2. The antimicrobial activity of N2 was larger than any other root canal cements. Nogenol and Tubliseal showed the lowest activity. ZOE, AH26, Procosol and PCA cement showed the moderate antimicrobial activity. (P>0.05) 3. At one day after mixing the root canal cements, all of the root canal cements except N2 and PCA cement showed greatly reduced antimicrobial activity. 4. At three days after mixing, PCA cement showed the reduced antimicrobial activity. N2 showed the reduced activity at 7 days after mixing.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest a reference for an extensive evaluation about effectiveness of four types of fibers to control plastic shrinkage crack of concrete. So in this study for the practical use in construction field, the plastic shrinkage cracks shown from four types of concrete reinforced by mixing four types of fibers are quantitatively evaluated in points of the workability and compressive strength. Test showed that the mixing of Cl, N, P fibers except for C2 fibers decreased fluidity of fresh concrete. Compressive strengths of four types specimens were similar. Plastic shrinkage cracks were reduced by mixing each fiber, especially C2 fibers was very effective to prevent the plastic shrinkage crack. Therefore the reinforced concrete mixed with C2 fibers exhibited superior mechanical performance than the others.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.179-180
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• 2023

The adhesion performance of PCCs for crack repair of RC structures was greater in the case of using ultra high-early strength cement than in the case of using ordinary Portland cement, and the effect of mixing silica fume was higher in the case of ordinary Portland cement than that of ultra high-early strength cement. On the other hand, 130% of W/C was more fluid than 80% of W/C in the same P/C 80%, which increased the fillability and improved the strength, but the strength improvement effect was the greatest in adhesion in flexure. Through this study, the basic characteristics of the adhesion performance of PCCs were identified, and based on this, it is necessary to induce an optimal mixing design that can increase adhesion performance through various mixing designs.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

높은 유기성분을 가지고 있으나 주로 매립에 의존하고 있는 맥주폐수 슬러지와 분뇨처리슬러지의 재자원화를 위한 이들 혼합물의 퇴비화에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 분뇨슬러지와 맥주폐수 슬러지의 적정 혼합비는 1:1로 나타났으며 초기 시료의 pH는 퇴비내 미생물의 활동을 위한 온도상승에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 혼합비가 1:1인 시료의 퇴비화시 C/N 비는 10-15를 유지하여 약간 낮게 나타났으나 pH의 상승없이 퇴비화가 잘 이루어짐을 알 수 있었고 주 1회 뒤집기를 수행하는 것이 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal mixing condition of two different amounts of cabbage and rice flour for the preparation of a cabbage cream soup. The experimental design was based on the central composite design methodology of response surface, which included 10 experimental points, including two replicates for the cabbage and rice flour. Physiochemical and sensory properties were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the mixed final product. Water content and pH values increased with increasing quantities of rice flour. Neither cabbage or rice flour affected the L and a values, but the b value increased with greater quantity of both ingredients. Viscosity increased with increasing added cabbage. Sensory evaluation results were significant in the predicted model for flavor (p<0.05), concentration (p<0.01) and overall quality (p<0.01). As a result, the optimum formulations by numerical and graphical methods were calculated as 111.79 g cabbage and 8.99 g rice flour.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.145-147
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• 2009

Nutrients in wastewater should be removed prior to release in the receiving waters to prevent the occurrence of eutrophication. In this study, seawater is used to remove ammonia and phosphate by the formation of struvite ($MgNH_{4}PO_{4}{\cdot}6H_{2}O$). It aims to know the optimum conditions for the removal of nutrients using seawater as source of magnesium ions. Experiments were performed using jar tester and pH of ammonium-phosphate solutions were adjusted Samples were drawn at different mixing times. It was shown that simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate is rapid, with no significant reduction beyond 10 min of mixing Another important parameter is pH, where range 10-11 showed the optimum nutrient removal. Increase in the volume of seawater, which meant an increase in magnesium ions also lead to better removal.