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Restriction Fragment Length Ploymorphism of PCR Amplified Ribosomal DNA Among Korean Isolates of Phytophthora

  • Hong, Seung-Beom;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Lee, Seung-Im;Go, Seung-Joo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.228-235
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    • 1999
  • Genetic diversity of ninety-five Korean isolates of Phytophthora was investigated on the basis of PCR-RFLP of ribosomal DNA. The isolates were previously identified as following fifteen species by mycological and cultural characteristics; P. boehmeriae, P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamoni, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. erythroseptica, P. infestans, P. megasperma, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora and P. sojae. The regions of small subunit (SSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA were amplified with primer pair, NS1 and ITS4, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with nine restriction enzymes. P. boehmeriae, P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. citricola, P. citrphthora, P. infestans, P. nicotianae and P. palmivora showed specific band patterns for each species. However, P. sojae and P. erythroseptica presented identical band patterns and P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri and P. megasperma were divided into six groups, which were not compatible with delineation of the species. A group originated from cucurbits showed distinct band patterns from other groups, but the other five groups were closely related within 96.0% similarity, forming one complex group. Consequently, Korean isolates of Phytophthora were divided into thirteen genetic groups and each group was readily differentiated by comparing digestion patterns of AvaII, HaeIII, MboI, HhaI and MspI. Therefore, PCR-RFLP of rDNA using the five enzymes can be used to differentiate or identify the Phytophthora species reported in Korea so far.

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The Effect of Circuit Weight Training on the Muscular Function and Cardiopulmonary Function (육상과 선박내에서의 Circuit Weight Training 이 근기능 및 심폐기능에 미치는 영향)

  • 하해동;신군수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 1998.04a
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    • pp.163-185
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiology changes by circuit weight training(CWT). The subject of this study consists of 16 student on ship(experimental groups(SE) N=8, control group(SCa) N=8) and 16 students on land (experimental groups(LE) n=8, control groups(LCb) N=8). The items of measurement were the changes of CWT time and heart rate per week, musclear functino and cardiopulmonary function. The conclusions are as follows : 1. Muscular fuction 1) Back strength in SE and LE group was increased significantly (p<.01, p<.05, 8.86% and 7.08%).Grip strength was increased slightly in 4 groups but there was no significance. 2) In push-ups, all 4 groups were increased significantly (p<.05, p<.01), sit-ups also were increased significantly in SE and LE group (p<.05, 6.71% and 9.62%). 3) In SE and LE group , standing long jump was in significantly (p<.01, p<.05, 4.49% and 6.09%), but only in LE group , side step was increased significantly (p<0.1, 5.84%). 2. Cardiopulmonary function 1) HRrest was decreased slightly in all 4 groups but was not significant changes. HRmax was increased only in LE group significantly (p<.05, 2.81%), treadmill running time was increased significantly in SE and LE group respectively (p<.01, p<.05, 10.78% and 11.07%). 2) VEmax was increased significantly in SE and LE group(p<.05, p<.01, 10.59% and 13.68%), but only in LE group Rfmax was increased significantly (p<.01, 4.83%). 3) In VO2max, LCb group was increased significantly (p<.05, 6.835), but SCa group was decreased significantly (p<.05, 4.32). VO2max/kg$.$min was increased significantly in LE and LCb group respectively (p<.01 p<.05. 4.75% and 3.98%).

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Effects of Addition of Varied Levels of Sodium Chloride and Phosphates on pH, Tenderness, Moisture and Mineral Contents in Spent Layer Meat (산란노계육의 저장중 소금과 인산염 첨가가 pH, 수분, 연도 및 무기물에 미치는 영향)

  • 박구부;송또준;이정일;김영직;김용곤;박태선
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.239-247
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    • 1994
  • A study was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of varied levels of NaCi and phosphates on the physicochernical properties of the breast meat of the spent layers(2 \pm 0.2 kg) which were stabilized for over 24 h before slaughter. Within 1 h after slaughter, breast meats were removed and treated with NaGl(0, 1, 2, 3%) and phosphates(0.25% and 0.5%) using a hot-salted method. The breast meat was stored at 4 \pm $1^{\circ}C$ for 3 d. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The pH values of salt-treated groups were significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05) ; the higher the salt level, the higher the pH. The pH values were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage(P<0.05). Among salt-treated groups, the 0.5% phosphates level showed significantly high pH(P<0.05) compared to other levels of salt groups. 2. The moisture contents were significantly lower in all salt4reated groups than the control(P<0.05), and showed a negative relationship with the levels of salt. It decreased in control group gradually as the storage period extended, but not significantly changed in salt-treated groups. 3. The shear force values in salt-treated groups were lower than that of the control and showed a negative relationship with salt levels. At a constant level of NaCI, the shear force value was higher in 0.25% phosphates level than in 0.5% level. It decreased in both control and salt-treated groups during storage. 4. The salt treatments tended to increase the sodium content proportionately. The sodium content decreased in both control and salt treatment groups during storage(P<0.05). In addition, the combination of high levels of NaCl and phosphates rather than those of low levels of NaCI and phosphates resulted in elevated levels of sodium. 5. The phosphorus contents in salt-treated groups were higher than that of control. Between 0.5% and 0.25% phosphates levels this value showed significant difference(P<0.05). Its contents in both control and treatment groups were significantly decreased during storage (P<0.05).

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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROUPS Dp+1(2) AND Dp+1(3) USING ORDER COMPONENTS

  • Darafsheh, Mohammad Reza
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.311-329
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    • 2010
  • In this paper we will prove that the groups $D_{p+1}$(2) and $D_{p+1}$(3), where p is an odd prime number, are uniquely determined by their sets of order components. A main consequence of our result is the validity of Thompson's conjecture for the groups $D_{p+1}$(2) and $D_{p+1}$(3).

Optimization of Hobakjook (pumpkin soup) with Added Glutinous Rice Powder (호박 재료 배합비율을 달리한 호박죽의 품질 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ah;Kim, Jae-Hwan
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.162-175
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this thesis was to develop pumpkin soup with different ratios of ingredients, using high-nutrient sweet pumpkins. P10G0 without sweet pumpkin and glutinous rice powder showed the highest moisture content, whereas, P5G0 whit Cheongdung pumpkin and sweet pumpkin at the same ratio whitout glutinous rice powder showed the lowest moisture content. For chromaticity lightness of control pumpkin soup scored the lowest. Lightness of P10G0 without sweet pumpkin and glutinous rice powder also scored the lowest. For redness, the P5 group with Cheongdung pumpkin and sweet pumpkin at the same ratio scored the highest while the P10 group without sweet pumpkin scored the lowest. As for yellowness, increased ratio of glutinous rice powder in pumpkin soup scored resulted in reduced yellowness in all groups P5 (p<0.01), P7 and P10 (p<0.001) A higher ratio of Cheongdung pumpkin was thus generally associated whit reduced yellowness (p<0.001). For the spread-ability, higher ratio of sweet pumpkin to Cheongdung pumpkin resulted in significant reduction of spread-ability. However, groups with 12% glutinous rice powder showed no significant differences. Spread-ability of the P5 and P10 groups significant increased and thereafter decreased according to the addition ratio of glutinous rice powder, viscosity of the G0 and G4 groups decreased according to the addition ratio of Cheongdung pumpkin, whereas they first decreased and then increased in the G8 and G12 groups. All groups showed increased viscosity whit more glutinous rice powder. For the sensory evaluation, P5G8 was mostly preferred in all aspects. P7G4 was superior in all aspects except for flavor. P10G4 scored the highest in all aspects except viscosity. For acceptance test, except for the control group, P7G4 whit added of 70% Cheongdung pumpkin, 30% sweet pumpkin and 4% glutinous rice powder was the most preferred in all aspects except color (gloss, viscosity, flavor, taste and overall quality).

Effects of Purple Sweet Potato intake and Aerobic Combined Exercise on Health Related Fitness, Blood lipid profile and Insulin resistance (자색고구마 섭취와 유산소 복합운동이 비만 여중생의 건강체력, 혈중지질 및 인슐린 저항성에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Won-Mok;Kim, Do-Yeon;Sung, Ki-Dong;Baek, Young-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.7524-7533
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of purple sweet potato(PSP) intake and aerobic combined exercise in obese middle school girls. Twenty-four, obese(%body fat > 30%) middle school girls composed of the purple sweet potato intake and aerobic combined exercise group(A, n=6), the aerobic combined exercise group(B, n=6), the purple sweet potato intake group(C, n=6), the control group(D, n=6). The variables of health related fitness, blood lipid profile, insulin resistance were measured in all the subjects before the start and after the end of 12 week aerobic combined exercise program(40~70%HRR, 3 times per week, 70 mins). The test data were analyzed by paired t-test and one way ANOVA, and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. In the comparison within each group, %body fat[A(p<.01), C(p<.05) groups], TC[A(p<.05), B(p<.01), C(p<.01) groups] and insulin resistance[A(p<.05) group] were significantly decreased and LBM[A(p<.01), B(p<.01) groups], muscular strength[A(p<.01), B(p<.001), C(p<.05) groups], muscular endurance[A(p<.05), B(p<.001) groups], flexibility[A(p<.05), B(p<.01) groups] and cardiorespiratory endurance[A(p<.05), B(p<.001), C(p<.01) groups] were significantly increased. In the comparison between groups, A group was significantly decreased in %body fat, TC and TG than D group(p<.05). A group was significantly increased in muscular strength and cardiorespiratory endurance than C, D groups (p<.05). A group was significantly increased in muscular endurance and HDL-C than D group(p<.05). A, B groups were significantly increased in flexibility than D group(p<.05). A, B, C groups were significantly decreased in insulin resistance than D group(p<.05). In conclusion, purple sweet potato intake and aerobic combined exercise were effective in improving the health related fitness, blood lipid profile and insulin resistance in obese middle school girls.

The Effect of BuOH Fraction of Polygonatum odoratum with Selenium on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Peroxidation in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats (둥굴레 분획물과 Selenium이 Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨 흰쥐의 혈당수준과 지질과산화에 미치는 영향)

  • 임숙자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.703-711
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of butanol(BuOH) fraction of Polygonatum odoratum with selenium tr-eatment on blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidations in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetric rats. Male Sprague-Dawly rats weighing(180-200g) were divided into five groups : normal STZ-control and three expreimental groups(P, odoratum group P, odo-Se group and Se group) Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection STZ in the tail vein at the dose of 45mg/kg B.W The BuOH fraction of Polygonatum odoratum(500mg/kg. B,W) given orally administered for 14 days. The Se treated group were fed a AIN-76 recommendation diet mixed with Na2Seo3(2mg/kg diet). Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. the plasma glucose levels of the P. odo-Se group were significantly lower than the other experimental groups. The plasma cholesterol levels were higher in STZ-control and Se groups compared toP.odoratum and P. odo-Se groups and HDL-cholesterol levels were increased in the diabetic experimental groups fed on BuOH fraction of P. odoratum with Se supplementation. The liver and muscle glycogen levels were not significantly differ among all groups. The plasma free fatty acid levels were lower in diabetic experimental groups fed on BuOh fraction of P. odoratum or Se sup-plementation than STZ-control and Se groups. Diabetics rats showed the higher levels of triglyceride in plasma andlower levels in liver compared with the normal group. Supplementation with Se decreased significantly the liver triglyceride level. The MDA levels in liver and kidney were significantly reduced in all the experimental groups. In conclusion administration of BuOH fraction of Polygonatuum odoratum with selenium supplementation reduced blood glucose levels and peroxdative tissue damage in STZ induced diabetic rats showing the possibility of preventiave and therapeutic use of the wild edible plant to the diabetes mellitus.

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Research for Temporal·Spatial Parameter of the Gait According to Age (연령에 따른 보행의 시간적·공간적 요소에 관한 연구)

  • Chae, Jung-Byung;Kong, Seung-Whan;Kim, Dong-Jae;Kim, La-Jin;Kim, Tae-Young;Lee, Seung-Hoo
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : This study was performed for find out temporal spatial parameter of the gait according to age. Method : Four groups of healthy people were allocated randomly in this study : group I(little child, 15), group II(child, 18) and group III(young people, 17), group(elder people, 16). This study was performed from 01 December to 31 December in 2007. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The swing phase was the longest group II, group IV was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in swing phase(p<.05). 2. The stance phase was the longest group IV, group II was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in stance phase(p<.05). 3. The single support time was the longest group II, group IV was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in single support time(p<.05). 4. The double support time was the longest group IV, group II was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in double support time(p<.05). 5. The gait velocity was the fastest group II, group I was the slowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in gait velocity(p<.05). 6. The toe in/out was very increased group IV, group I was very decreased. Each groups, there was significant difference in toe in/out(p<.05). 7. The cadence was the highest group I, group IV was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in cadence(p<.05). 8. The step length was the longest group III, group I was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in step length(p<.05). 9. The step length asymmetry ratio was the highest group IV, group III was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in step length asymmetry ratio(p>.05). 10. The single support time asymmetry ratio was the highest group I, group IV was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in single support time asymmetry ratio (p>.05). 11. The FAP was the highest group III, group I was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in FAP(p<.05).

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Effect of $\alpha$-Tocopherol and Cysteamine on Maturation Male Pronuclear Formation and Development of Porcine Oocytes In Vitro ($\alpha$-Tocopherol과 Cysteamine 첨가가 돼지 미성숙난포란의 체외성숙, 체외수정 및 배발달에 미치는 영향)

  • 이경호;문승주;김재홍
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol and cysteamine with Whitten's medium in supporting the development on in vitro maturation(IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in culture(IVC) on porcine oocytes. When the immature oocytes were cultured of $\alpha$-tocopherol for 40h, the nuclear maturation rates were 39, 4, 52.5 and 54.1%, respectivley. The nuclear maturation rates of treat groups were signficantly (P<0.05) higher than those of non-treat groups. After matureation, the oocytes were inseminated in vitro in medium 199 with ejaculated spermatoza for examination of sperm penetration, polyspermy, male pronuclear(MPN) formation, and cleavage rate. Sperm penetration rates of treat higher than the control groups(P<0.05), and MPN formation rates were significantly(P<0.05) higher on treated groups (24.3~53.1%) than control groups(14.2~21.4%). After insemination, the cleavage rates at 120hr were groups higher than control groups(P<0.05).

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Clinical Features of the Patients with Craniomandibular Disorders (두개하악장애환자의 임상양태에 관한 연구)

  • Myung-Yun Ko;Mi-Eun Kim
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.29-41
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    • 1993
  • A prevalence study was carried out on 847 CMD patients who had visited the Department of Oral Medicine in Pusan National University from 1990 to 1993. To obtain the same type of information, all subjects were interviewed and examined clinically using a standardized examination form, The ratio of women to men was about 3:1 and all subjects were divided into acute and chronic groups on the basis of 6 months of duration. Diagnostic groups consisted of muscle disorder, joint disorder and muscle-joint disorder. As related to gender, duration and diagnosis subjective and objective symptoms in CMD were studied. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Muscle-joint disorder had the highest percent, followed by muscle disorder and joint disorder. 2. The most common reasons for CMD treatment were pain, joint noise and limited opening, while headache and neckache were relatively often reported as associated symptoms and dizziness, ringing in the ears also reported as secondary CNS excitatory effects. 3. Pain was more ofter seen in women, acute group and muscle-related disorder groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). Noise was significantly frequent in chronic group and joint-related groups (p<0.01). 4. Analysis of contributing factors presented that macrotrauma was found frequently in men (p<0.05), and that muscle-related groups were more related to stress than joint disorder grop (p<0.05). 5. Hard end feel was seen significantly often in joint-related disorder group (p<0.05). On the other hand, soft end feel was frequent in muscle disorder. 6. Reciprocal clicks and crepitation increased with chronicity. Subjects with joint-related disorder groups significantly often reported all kinds of noises (p<0.01). 7. Tender muscles and joints were more often reported in women and chronic group. Whereas muscle-related disorder groups revealed significantly more tender muscles (p<0.01). joint-related disorder groups presented significantly more tender joints (p<0.01).

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