• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.499-512
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage electrochemically using different retrograde filling materials, different root resection angle, and different cavity preparation instruments. 104 extracted single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. 100 teeth were used as experimental groups and four was used as controls. Anatomical crowns were resected, root canals were prepared, and the apical 2 mm of roots were removed. The experimental roots were randomly divided into five equal groups. Experimental groups : Group 1. no bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, amalgam filling Group 2. no bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, SuperEBA cement filling Group 3. no bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, desiccated ZOE filling Group 4. $45^{\circ}$ bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, amalgam filling Group 5. no bevel, cavity preparation with conventional bur, amalgam filling Microleakage was measured once a day for 30 days using electrochemical method and were analyzed statistically. The results were as follows : 1. The group with Super EBA cement filling showed the least marginal leakage from second to fourth day(p<0.05), there was no significant difference between the group with amalgam filling during eighth to eighteenth day(p>0.05), but after the nineteenth day here was a higher marginal leakage than the group with amalgam filling(p<0.05). 2. The group with desiccated ZOE filling demostrated that the highest marginal leakage, started on the eighth day(p<0.05). 3. The group using ultrasonic instrument showed lower marginal leakage than the group using bur until the nineteenth day(p<0.05), but there was no significant differnce with the group using bur after twentythird day(p>0.05). 4. The group without bevel showed lower marginal leakage than the group with bevel (p<0.05). 5. Whether bevel or nor had much more effect on marginal leakage than with cavity perparation instrument when the cavity was retrogrdefilled with amalgam(stepwise regression).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2001

This research objected to the diagnosed patients as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, kidney tumor, myelodysplastic syndrom and juvenile chronic leukemia after admission in the 'P' hospital in Pusan from Aug. 1. 1999 to Jan. 31. 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. On the specific character between the experimental(exp.) group and the control (con.) group : there were 7 of 4-7 years old patients(the most) in the experimental group(53.8％), 5 of 12 years old or older patients in the control group (38.5％). Patients who experienced operation were 7 in the exp. group(53.8％) and 6 in con. group(46.2％). The largest number of the patients' diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia by 5 in the exp. group(38.5％) and 4 in the con. group (30.8％). The hardest nausea came on the second day by 5 in the exp. group(38.5％), 9 in the con. group(69.2％). 2. P-score of the nausea vomiting on the number of daily anticancer drug administration : first day, the exp. group got 9.6 and the con. group 17.6(P = 0.03). 2nd day, 10.9 and 19.4(P = 0.00), 3rd day, 10.6 and 18.3(P = 0.00), 4th day 10.0 and 18.0, 5th day 10.9 and 16.8(P = 0.05). The score showed statistically significant difference(P < .05). 3. Oral intake didn't show statistically significant difference between two groups. However the average of Oral intake of the exp. group was continually higher than the con. group except to the first day after administration. In conclusion, nursing intervention and nutrition care are much more needed on the 2-3th day after administration to reduce nausea vomiting, and for remission of nausea and enlarging oral intake it is utilizable to apply the easy, economic Oral Cryotherapy to the young patients who undergo chemotherapy.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2019

Objective : To investigate the effect of sihogayonggolmoryeotang (SY) on Single Prolonged Stress(SPS)-induced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD). Method : To confirm the effects of SY on SPS-induced PTSD, Changes in body weight, sucrose intake open field test(OFT) and forced swimming test(FST)were observed. After behavioral tests, the plasma corticosterone(CORT) from the abdominal aorta, serotonin(5-HT) from prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(DA) from hippocampus was measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) in hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Result : Weight change and sucrose intakes of rats in 14th day after the administration of SY were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared to the SPS group (p<0.05). Numbers of crossing in the central zone in the OFT were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group (p<0.05) compared with the SPS group. The immobility time of FST was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with SPS group (p<0.05). The change of plasma CORT concentration was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with that in SPS group (p<0.05). The change of 5-HT concentration was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group at hippocampus and amygdala compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The concentration of DA was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The expression of BDNF and CREB were significantly increased in SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). Conclusion : SY administration lowered the increase of CORT caused by PTSD and increases the 5-HT concentration and reversed the decreased expression of NE and DA and BDNF and CREB by PTSD. It is postulated that SY is effective in treating PTSD by restoring cognitive function, memory impairment, unstable emotional disturbances.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2002

배경: 적혈구세척법(체외순환로 충전시 사용되는 농축 적혈구를 헤파린 용액으로 세척하여 충전)은 충전용 농축적혈구액에 포함되어 있는 염증반응 전구 물질 및 각종 손상된 세포 및 미립자들을 제거할 수 있으며, 전순환-초여과법(체외순환전에 체외순환로를 자체 전순환 시킨후 초여과법을 적용)은 체외순환로에 의한 초기 염증반응을 둔화시키고 염증반응 매개체들을 제거할 수 있다 본 연구자는 상기 방법들이 수술시 형성되는 염증반응 매개체중 허혈후 재관류 손상에 관여하는 각종 사이토카인들의 형성을 억제할 수 있을 것이라 가정하여, 실제 임상 환자를 대상으로 상기 방법들을 적용하면서 각종 사이토카인의 체외순환 및 수술 시간에 따른 변화를 측정하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구자는 심실중격결손증으로 개심술을 받는 48명의 환아를 대상으로 하여, 대조군(C군, n=12), 적혈구 세척군(W군, n=12), 전순환-초여과군(F군, n=12), 혼합군(WF군, n=12) 으로 나누어 적혈구 세척법과 전순환-초여과법을 시행한 후에 체외순환을 적용하면서 tomor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$)와 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 및 interleukin-8 (IL-8) 등의 체외순환 및 수술 시간경과에 따른 변화를 측정 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-8 등의 변화는 시간에 따라 각군간 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.005). TNF-$\alpha$의 변화는 대조군(C군), 세척군(W군), 전순환-초여과군(F군) 사이에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p=0.264), 혼합군(WF군)에서는 다른 군들에 비해 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). IL-6의 변화는 세척군(W군), 전순환-초여과군(F군), 혼합군(WF군) 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p=0.053), 각군 모두 대조군(C군)에 비해 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). IL-8의 변화는 세척군(W군), 전순환-초여과군(F군), 혼합군(WF군) 사이에서 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p=0.067), 대조군(C군)과 전순환-초여과군(F군) 사이에서도 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였으나(p=0.086), 세척군(W군)과 혼합군(WF군)에서는 대조군(C군)에 비해 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 결론: 이상의 결과는 적혈구 세척법과 전순환-초여과법이 체외순환을 이용한 개심수술시 사이토카인 형성 억제에 효과가 있음을 구명하였다. 그러나, 상기 방법들을 임상에서 확대적용 하기 위해서는 실질적으로 임상 경과에서 얻을 수 있는 장점에 관한 연구가 추가적으로 시행되어야 하겠다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.587-597
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• 2018

The quality characteristics of pudding products comprising of Korean Olbyossal (traditional steamed rice), added at different percentages, were examined to explore the application of Olbyossal to develop different types of processed food products. Five groups of pudding were produced containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of Olbyossal. Evaluation of their quality characteristics and antioxidant activities revealed that the control group (with no added Olbyossal) had the highest moisture content and pH (p<0.001). The sugar content and turbidity was highest in the 100% Olbyossal group and lowest in the control group (p<0.001). The salinity was lowest in the 100% Olbyossal group (p<0.001). In terms of color values, the L-value (p<0.001) and a-value were highest in the control group, while the b-value was highest in the 100% group (p<0.001). Texture properties revealed that hardness (p<0.001), springiness (p<0.01), and chewiness (p<0.001) decreased as the percentage of Olbyossal increased. Increase in adhesiveness was noted with an increase in the percentage of Olbyossal (p<0.01). Based on the sensory evaluation of Olbyossal pudding in terms of appearance (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.05), taste (p<0.01), texture (p<0.001), and overall quality (p<0.001), the 100% group showed the best results. Examination of Olbyossal pudding revealed that antioxidant activities, radical scavenging activities for DPPH and superoxide anion, and reducing power increased as the percentage of Olbyossal increased (p<0.001). Therefore, pudding containing 100% Olbyossal is considered as the ideal product with reference to the high level of preference and product quality.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2013

본 연구는 젖소에서 분만 후 첫 수정 간격 및 임신 간격이 이후의 번식능력에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 첫 번째 분석에서는, 705두의 젖소 자료를 첫 수정 간격에 따라 짧은 간격(30-60일, n=217), 중간 간격(61-90일, n=309) 및 긴 간격(91-150일, n=179) 군으로 구분하였다. 자궁내막염의 발생은 짧은 간격 및 중간 간격 군에 비해 긴 간격 군에서 증가되었다(p<0.05). 첫 수정 간격이 증가함에 난소낭종의 발생은 증가한(p<0.05) 반면, 분만 후 5 개월 간의 BCS는 반대로 낮았다(p<0.01). 분만 후 365일까지의 임신율은 중간 간격 군에 비하여 긴 간격 군에서는 낮았으나(hazard ratio[HR]=0.70, p<0.0001), 짧은 간격 군에서는 높았다(HR=1.41, p<0.0001). 두 번째 분석에서는, 436두의 젖소 자료를 임신 간격(공태 기간)에 따라 짧은 간격(30-90일, n=154), 중간 간격(91-180일, n=183) 및 긴 간격(181-360일, n=99) 군으로 구분하였다. 후산정체 발생율은 중간 간격 군에 비해 긴 간격 군에서 높았으나 (p<0.05), 난소낭종의 발생은 짧은 간격 군에 비해 중간 간격 및 긴 간격 군에서 증가하는 경향이 있었다(p=0.08). BCS는 분만 후 1개월에 중간 간격 및 긴 간격 군에 비해 짧은 간격 군에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 산유량은 분만 후 2개월에서 5개월까지 짧은 간격 군에 비해 중간 간격 군에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분만 후 150일까지 첫 수정율은 짧은 간격 군에 비해 긴 간격 군이 낮았다(HR=0.73, p<0.02). 분만 후 365일까지의 임신율은 중간 간격 군에 비하여 긴 간격 군에서는 낮았으나(HR=0.64, p<0.0001), 짧은 간격 군과 중간 간격 군에서는 차이가 없었다(p > 0.05). 더욱이, 도태율은 짧은 간격 군에 비해 긴 간격 군에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 결론적으로, 젖소에서 첫 수정 간격 및 임신 간격의 연장은 이후 번식능력의 감소를 초래하였으며, 이것은 산후 질병의 증가, BCS 감소 및 많은 산유량에 기인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1993

본 실험은 식이내 지방의 종류와 수준이 흰쥐의 LCAT활성 및 콜레스테롤 대사에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 식이지바의 종류는 정어리유($\omega$3 linolenic acid) 및 옥수수기름 ($\omega$6 linolic acid)의 네 처리로 나누고 각 처리마다 지방의 수준을 총 에너지의 10%, 20%, 40%등 세수준으로 모두 12군을 두었으며, 식이지바의 무첨가군을 대조구로 두었다. 총 78마리의 Sprague-Dawley 계통 흰쥐 수컷에게 시험식이를 6주간 자유급여하였다. 사양시험 종료 후 간조직에서의 콜레스테롤 합성능력을 알아보기 위해 흰쥐의 간조직을 채취하여 in vitro 배양시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 혈장 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤. LDL-콜레스테롤농도 및 HDL-C/T-C비율은 식이지방의 종류에 의해 유의하게(p<0.001) 영향을 받았다. ($\omega$3지방산을 많이 함유한 군(정어리유와 들기름)이 ($\omega$6지방산과 포화지방산을 많이 함유한 군(옥수수기름과 우지)에 비해 혈장내 HDL-콜레스테롤농도가 유의성있게(p<0.001)증가하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤농도는 유의성있게(p<0.05) 감소하였다. 혈장내 콜레스테롤농도는 우지군이 다른지방군에 비해(p<0.001),무지방식이군이 식이지방첨가군에 비해 유의하게(p<0.05)영향을 받았다. 2) 혈장 lecithiin : cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) 활성은 식이지방첨가군이 무지방식이군보다(p<0.001), 식물성유지군이 동물성지방군보다(p<0.001), 정어리유군이 우지군보다(p<0.001), 들기름군이 옥수수기름군보다(p<0.05), 정어리유군이 들기름군보다 유의성있게(p<0.05) 증가하였다. 저지방식이군이 중지방식이군과 고지방식이군에 비해 혈장내 LCAT 활성이 유의하게9p<0.001) 증가하였다. 3) 간의 콜레스테롤합성 능력은 정어리유군이 다른지방군보다(p<0.001), 무지방식이군이 식이지방첨가군보다(p<0.001), 동물성지방군의 식물성유지군보다 유의하게(p<0.001) 증가하였으나, 식이 지방의 수준에 의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.274-277
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• 1999

A study has been conducted to investigate the radioprotective effects of purslane extracts (P) when i.p. injected before irradiation (R). For studying the amino acid composition, three groups of ICR mice (7-week-old) were tested. The first group i.p. injected with purslane extract for 5 days were irradiated with 6 Gy of ${\gamma}$-radiation (P+R). The second group was irradiate with 6 Gy without any pretreatment (R). The third group was non-irradiated control (CT). Each group divided into two groups for the survival rate study, one injected with saline (S) and the other injected with purslane extract (P) for five days and then irradiated with 8 Gy. The amino acid composition of urine samples were analyzed with HPLC for 19 days after irradiation. A few kinds of amino acids such as lysine and methionine in urine from P+R group increased in comparison with those from CT or R group. The survival rate of P group maintained much higher than that of S group during experimental period. The results obtained may support that this plant has radioprotective substances by means of life-lengthening, not of urine amino acid components.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to compare the effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic Exercise, and a self-help program for knee osteoarthritis patients on symptoms of arthritis, muscle strength, balance, and difficulty of performing activities. Method: There were 50 final subjects50. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Window. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test were used 8weeks after each program. Result: There were significant differences in joint pain(p=.000), stillness (p=.001), knee extensor peak torque(p=.006), knee flexor(p=.002), and difficult of performing activity (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in balance(p=.648). The Tai-Chi group was significantly different from the self-help group for knee extensor peak torque, knee flexor and stiffness on Scheffe's multiple comparison tests. In addition, the Tai Chi group or aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group for difficulty of performing activities(p<0.05). Conclusion: There are significant differences in the effects of the nursing intervention among the three groups. The Tai Chi group and aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group. However, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable than aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with a longitudinal study are necessary to confirm the longer exercise period.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1986

This study was designed to observe the effect of Undaria Pinnatifida (U. P.) Powder on serum and liver lipids concentration in rats. Adult male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into four diet groups: one control diet and the other three diets in which U.P. powder was mixed with the control diet at the rate of 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. The results of the above observation were as follows : Serum and liver total lipids in 3% U.P. group were lower an those in control group at the 6th week. There was no difference in serum and liver total cholesterol among the diet groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol per total cholesterol ratio in 3% U.P. group were higher than those in control group at the 3rd and 6th week. Serum triglyceride in 3% U.P. group was significantly lower than that in control group at the 3rd week. Serum phospholipid in 1% U.P. and 3% U.P. group was significantly lower than that in control group at the 3rd week, but there was no difference among them at the 6th week.