• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2020

Background: Intraoperative and postoperative ocular complications are rare. We retrospectively investigated the abnormal ocular findings in patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Methods: The records were investigated of patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopic surgery at our hospital between January 2018 and March 2019. Ocular complications were confirmed by review of medical records. We performed logistic regression analysis to defined the main factors associated with ocular complications. Results: The overall prevalence of postoperative ocular complications was 8.5% (18/211). A significant association was found between anti-adhesion barrier agent and ocular complications (p=0.020). Conclusions: Anti-adhesion barrier agent used during surgery may be the cause of postoperative ocular complication.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to examine the want for home-visit health care of health center and health sub-center in rural olders and to provide the basic data to develop strategies for efficient and effective home-visit health care delivery of public health facilities. The questionnaire survey by interview was conducted to 355 olders whose ages were all over 65 years, residing at a rural community, Myun, Gyeongsangbuk- do. Among study population, 64.5% replied that their self-rated health status were 'poor', 14.1% had low ADL and 14.9% had low IADL. Among study population, 73.5% replied that they had health problem which were in need of medical personnel's care. The existence of health problem were significantly different according to sex, age, marital status, health security status, occupation, economic status, circumstances for medical care, self-rated health status, ADL, and IADL(p<0.05). Among olders with health problem which were in need of medical personnel's care, 19.5% wanted to receive the home-visit health care. The degree of want for home-visit health care was higher significantly in olders whose ages were 75-year old or more(p<0.05), jobless olders(p<0.01), the aged persons who were not in harmony with other family members, olders whose self-rated health status were 'poor' and olders with low IADL. The major reasons why they wanted to receive the home-visit health care services were 'they had no helpers when they were sick' (64.7%), 'long distance to the medical facilities from their residence'(23.5%). The medication service was the most need service among home-visit health care services. The reasons why they didn't want to receive the home-visit health care services were 'we could walk and move' (60.0%), 'we wanted to have a direct contact with doctor' (25.7%) in the order of high rate. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the degree of want for home-visit health care were higher significantly in olders who were not in harmony with other family members and olders whose self-rated health status were 'poor'(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.97-114
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status and hair mineral content of children with behavioral problems and compare the values with a gender, age-matched control group. The subjects were recruited from S elementary school children in Seoul, Korea. Students scored higher than 60 points were diagnosed with behavioral problems according to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist. Nutritional assessment of the two groups (behavior problem group: male n=15, female n=24; $9.6{\pm}1.6$ years, control group: male n=16, female n=18; $9.5{\pm}1.9$ years) was performed using a nutritional survey and by measuring hair mineral contents. In the results, food frequency questionnaire analysis showed that the intakes of anchovy (P<0.05), soybean curb (P<0.01), radish (P<0.05), bean sprouts (P<0.05), spinach (P<0.05), carrot (P<0.05), pumpkin (P<0.05), lettuce (P<0.05), cabbage (P<0.01), apple (P<0.05), and milk (P<0.01) were higher in the control group than the behavior problem group, whereas intakes of ramyeon (P<0.05), cookies (P<0.05), and coke (P<0.01) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Intakes of most nutrients such as plant-derived protein (P<0.05), fiber (P<0.05), plant-derived calcium (P<0.05), phosphorus (P<0.05), plant-derived iron (P<0.05), vitamin B2 (P<0.05), vitamin B6 (P<0.05), vitamin C (P<0.01), vitamin E (P<0.05), and folate (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the control group than the behavior problem group. Hair analysis showed that the levels of arsenic (P<0.05), mercury (P<0.001), uranium (P<0.05), iron (P<0.001), boron (P<0.01), and germanium (P<0.001) were lower, but the levels of phosphate (P<0.05), chromium (P<0.001), sodium (P<0.05), and sulfur (P<0.001) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Conclusively, behavioral problems constitute a complicated condition in which nutritional factors may play major roles. However, it is still under investigation as to whether or not modification of dietary habits or nutritional supplementation can improve children's behavior, since symptoms require a broad understanding of the environmental and genetic interactions.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2016

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of p-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) can be performed using the tungsten type catalyst. This reaction usually progresses in nitrogen condition, because the catalysts are extremely sensitive in air condition. To solve this problem, DCPD resin with tungsten (W) was cured using hot press after stirring of DCPD A and B liquid in air condition. Mechanical properties of DCPD were improved by reducing microvoid occurrence successfully by using hot press method. It might be because hot press could provide sufficient press on DCPD specimen. Addition of catalyst was not effective for the curing of resin in a short time. During polymerization, pressure and temperature had a great influence on the mechanical properties of DCPD.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.32
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2004

Electroless Ni(P) has been widely used for under bump metallization (UBM) of flip chip and surface finish layer in microelectronic packaging because of its excellent solderability, corrosion resistance, uniformity, selective deposition without photo-lithography, and also good diffusion barrier. However, the brittle fracture at solder joints and the spatting of intermetallic compound (IMC) associated with electroless Ni(P) are critical issues for its successful applications. In the present study, the mechanism of IMC spatting and microstructure change of the Ni(P) film were investigated with varying P content in the Ni(P) film (4.6,9, and $13 wt.\%$P). A reaction between Sn penetrated through the channels among $Ni_3Sn_4$ IMCs and the P-rich layer ($Ni_3P$) of the Ni(P) film formed a $Ni_3SnP$ layer. Thickening of the $Ni_3SnP$ layer led to $Ni_3Sn_4$ spatting. After $Ni_3Sn_4$ spatting, the Ni(P) film directly contacted the molten solder and the $Ni_3P$ phase further transformed into a $Ni_2P$ phase. During the crystallization process, some cracks formed in the Ni(P) film to release tensile stress accumulated from volume shrinkage of the film.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.154-161
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical features and complications of snake bite patients in urban and rural areas. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients over 18 years of age who were hospitalized for snake bites from January 2013 to December 2019. Patients were categorized into urban and rural groups according to their respective locations at the time of the snake bite and the clinical characteristics and complications of the two patient groups were researched and compared. Results: Of the 77 snake bite patients, 44 patients were categorized into the rural group (57.1%). The rura1 group showed significant differences in old age (p=0.011), delayed hospital visits (p=0.010), far hospital distance (p<0.001), high local effect score (p<0.001), high traditional snake-bite severity grading scale (p=0.008) and use of large amounts of antivenins (p=0.026). There was a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury (p=0.030), rhabdomyolysis (p=0.026), and coagulopathy (p=0.033) in the rural group as well as a longer hospitalization period (p<0.011). Conclusion: Snake bites that occurred in rural areas resulted in patients with more complications compared to urban areas due to farther distances from hospitals, causing a delay in antivenom treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.7
• /
• pp.661-667
• /
• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to find the chief clinical problems associated with the ages of adult patients of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) who had undergone total correction. Methods : Of the 30 patients who were registered at the Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH) Clinic of Samsung Medical Center for TOF, a retrospective investigation was carried out on 28 patients who underwent total correction. Results : Mean age at retrospective study was 30.8(range : 16-53) years old. Age at total correction was 15.8(range : 2-49) years old. Problems after corrective surgery were assessed. They were arrhythmia, pulmonary valve regurgitation, left pulmonary artery stenosis, residual ventricular septal defect, mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation, right ventricle outflow tract obstruction, aortic valve regurgitation, infective endocarditis and protein losing enteropathy. After repair of TOF, such arrhythmias as atrial arrhythmia and AV conduction disturbances were observed in some patients. Cardiomegaly was found significantly in the subjects with arrhythmia(P<0.05), and arrhythmia was less observed in patients who underwent surgery at a young age. Eight patients required a reoperation; the main indications were residual ventricular septal defect, right ventricle outflow tract obstruction and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Conclusion : The majority of the patients seemed to live normal lives after Tetralogy of Fallot repair. However, as residual anatomic and functional abnormalities exist postoperatively, continued careful follow-up is needed to detect and correct structural and functional abnormalities.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Feeding problems are common for typically developing children and have negative effects on physical, behavioral, and cognitive development. The purpose of the current study was to examine factors related to childhood feeding problems for typically developing children via parental reports. Methods: The feeding questionnaire developed by the authors and the Childhood Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) were administered to 796 parents of children who recruited from 2 pediatric outpatient clinics (n=379) and community (n=417). Problem eaters (PE) were identified by parental report and frequency analysis was conducted for types of feeding problems and its severity, problem behaviors during mealtime, the feeding methods of the parents, and the need for treatment. Results: The CEBI scores were significantly different between the PE and non-problem eaters (NPE), which suggests that the parental reports were reliable. The younger children had more feeding problems than the older children. The most frequent and severe feeding problems were selective eating and longer mealtimes across all age groups. One-half of the children had more than one problem behaviors during mealtime. Most parents of PE used ineffective methods to deal with children's behaviors during meal time, such as cajoling, which was related to their increased level of stress. Many parents reported their children need professional help for the feeding problems. Conclusion: Feeding problems are prevalent among children, especially younger children. Children with feeding problems showed a number of problem behaviors during mealtime and parental coping methods appeared to be ineffective. The need for treatment was considerable, thus the characteristics of this population must be acknowledged for providing proper treatment and advice.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2005

Objectives : Few studies have examined the relation between the attachment styles of the primary caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children. This study was performed to identify the impact of the insecure parental attachment patterns on the development of their higher grades elementary school children's psychiatric manifestations and disorders. Methods : 504 higher elementary pupils and their primary caretakers were included in our study. Relationship Questionnaire, Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, and Korean Child Behavior Checklist were applied to them. Results : The grade-school children of the parents who belonged to preoccupied attachment type revealed higher Withdrawn, Anxious/depressed, Social Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Problems, Aggressive Problems, Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Total Behavioral Problems scores than ones of securely attached parents (p<0.01). Internalizing Problems score of preoccupied parents' children was highest, and one of avoidant and secure typed parents' kids followed in order (p=0.004) . More youngsters revealed Total Behavior Problem score high enough to clinically meaningful level in insecure parental attachment style than in secure one (p=0.038). Higher CDI score in insecure parental group was reported than in secure one (p=0.040). Conclusion : Parental insecure attachment can be associated with the development of the behavioral problems and psychiatric illness of their children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.174-174
• /
• 2009

현재 전자부품용으로 사용되는 유리프리트의 경우 PbO계를 주로 사용하고 있다. 최근 환경규제에 따른 PbO 사용이 제한됨에 따라 이를 대체할 Pb-free 유리 조성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. Pb-free계로서는 $Bi_2O_3$계, $B_2O_3$계가 주로 연구되고 있으나 소성 온도가 $500^{\circ}C$이상으로 높고 또한 $Bi_2O_3$ 계는 중금속이기 때문에 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 $400^{\circ}C$ 미만 소성이 가능한 SnO-$P_2O_5$계를 기본 조성계로 선택하고 열적, 전기적, 화학적 특성을 개선하기 위해 $R_2O_3$(R=Al, B), RO(R=Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba) 를 첨가하였다. 개선된 조성으로 샘플을 만들고 이를 대상으로 실제 전자부품 생산 공정에 적용 실험을 진행 하였다. 실험에 사용된 전자 부품은 소형 칩 베리스터로 생산 공정에서 코팅용 유리프리트와 파우더를 절연체로서 전면에 코팅하게 된다. 유리프리트를 코팅함으로서 누설 전류를 차단하고 생산 공정시 베리스터 내부를 보호하게 된다. 실험에 사용된 샘플의 열적 특성은 TMA로, 전기적 절연 특성은 고 절연저항 측정기로 측정하였고 내 산성과 내 알칼리성도 측정하였다. 샘플을 이용하여 완성된 칩 베리스터의 성능은 고온, 내습 신뢰성 TEST(고온:$150^{\circ}C$ 12HR, 내습:$85^{\circ}C$-85%12HR)로 실험하여 합부판정 (Leakage current <10uA)을 내려 완성품과 불량품을 가려내었다.