• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.128-139
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• 2003

Juglans sinensis Dode has been reported to have antioxidant activity. However, the effect of Juglans sinensis Dode aquacupuncture(JS) on reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced alterations in membrane transport function in renal tubular cells. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of JS on the organic hydroperoxide t-butylhydroperoxide(tBHP)-induced inhibition of $Na^+$-dependent phosphate($Na^+$-Pi) uptake in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established renal proximal epithelial cell line. tBHP inhibited $Na^+$-Pi uptake in a time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of tBHP was prevented by JS over concentration range of 0.05-1mg/100ml in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic studies showed that tBHP caused an decrease in Vmax for $Na^+$-Pi uptake without any a significant change in Km. $Na^+$-dependent phosphonoformic acid binding, a irreversible inhibitor of renal $Na^+$-Pi uptake, was decreased by tBHP treatment. The reduction in Vmax and phosphonoformic acid binding by tBHP was prevented by JS. tBHP induced lipid peroxidation and its effect was completely inhibited by JS and antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. These data suggest that the oxidant inhibits phosphate uptake by a reduction in the number of active carrier across the membrane. JS may prevent oxidant-induced inhibition of membrane transport function by a mechanism similar to antioxidants in renal epithelial cells. Although the precise constituents remain to be explored, JS may be employed as a useful candidate herb for drug development to prevent and treat oxidant-mediated renal failure.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 1991

This study was conducted to detect the serum antibodies in the experimentally toxoplasma infected dogs and street dogs by use the of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And this test was performed on the polystylene microplate by coating with the tachyzoites soluble antigen of T gondii (RH strain), incubated with sera diluted then, added with HPO-conjugated rabbit anti-dog IgG and o-phenylenediamine used as a substrate. Tachyzoites of T gondii harvested from mouse peritoneal cavity were purified by 30, 40 and 50% Percoll density gradient centrifugation and used as the source of antigen. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The highest ratio of positive to negative (P/N ratio) was obtained at the level of $l{\mu}g/ml$ protein concentration of antigen with the 1/4000 dilution of the conjugate measured by checker-board titration. It was regarded as the optimum concentration of the antigen and conjugate. 2. Cut-off value in this IgG ELISA was 0.375 that was determined by mean absorbance (at 492nm) of IFA negative serum added with the dauble value of the standard deviation $(mean{\pm}2S.D.)$. 3. Serum ELISA IgG antibodies to T gondii in the exyerimentally infected dogs were detected firstly at the Week 3 after inoculation and the highest titer was recognized at the Week 4, 5 and 6 after inoculation. 4. Stability of the antigen absorbed in the microplates that were preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-25^{\circ}C$ separately were prolonged up to 3 weeks and 10 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-25^{\circ}C$, respectively. However the reproducibility was not reliable after the preservation of 4 weeks and longer. 5. Positive rate of the specific antibodies in 312 test sera was 28.5% and there was no significant differences between the male (27.8%) and female (29.5%), respectively. 6. The IgG ELISA was proved to be a specific procedure for the detection of antibodies to canine toxoplasma infection and also evaluated as a screening test for the large scale of test samples in laboratory.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.469-473
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to develop methods for the discrimination of new and stale rice by using an electronic eye. To develop the discriminant, 107 rice samples produced in the years 2015 and 2016 were investigated. After the rice was treated with guaiacol, oxydol, and p-phenylenediamine reagents, an electronic eye was applied to discriminate between newly harvested rice and rice stored for 1 year. Out of the 4,096 color codes of the electronic eye, 31 color codes were identified for the discrimination of newly harvested rice and rice stored for 1 year. The classification ratio of newly harvested rice and rice stored for 1 year was 100% and the discrimination accuracy for unknown samples was 100%. In a total of 150 mixtures of new rice and stale rice, the discrimination accuracy was between 16.7 and 95.6%, depending on the mixing ratio. This capability of the electronic eye will be useful as a tool for discriminating the production year of rice.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.603-610
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• 2006

Korean traditional soy paste (Doenjang) was fermented using Meju prepared by the culture of wild microorganisms in steamed soy beans. During the fermentation, changes in the physicochemical and several functional properties were monitored. Total acidity and amino acidity increased from 0.09 to 0.96, and 2.24% to 3.28% respectively, Amylase and protease activities increased and showed the maximal level after 60 days of fermentation, which were 4.03 and 7.29 units/ml, respectively. However, both enzyme activities decreased after then. The inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and angiotensin converting enzyme increased and reached 20.57 and 38.18% respectively. Antimutagenic activities against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitiosoguanidine and 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine (NPD) increased for 90 days and roached 70.21 and 60.01% in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium TA100, respectively. Against NPD and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, the antimutagenic activities also increased and reached 50.91 and 46.35% in the strain TA98, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.117-132
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was carried out to determine whether Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture (JSA) exerts the protective effect against toxic agent-induced live. cell damage. Methods : The cell damage was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring maiondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in rabbit liver slices. Results : When tissues were incubated with 0.5 mM Hg for $10{\sim}120\;min$, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were increased as a function of incubation time, and these effects were significantly prevented by addition of 0.1% JSA. Hg increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation in dose-dependent manner over the range of $0.1{\sim}l\;mM$ concentrations, which were reduced by 0.1% JSA. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg in the presence of $0.05{\sim}l\;%$ JSA, LDH release and lipid peroxidation induced by Hg were prevented by JSA in a dose-dependent fashion. JSA at 0.5 and 1% prevented completely effects of 0.5 mM Hg. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg for 60 min, LDH release and lipid peroxidation were increased, which were significantly prevented by addition of 0.1 % JSA. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) increased LDH release and lipid peroxidation, which were significantly reduced by 0.1 % JSA. Such protective effects were similar to those of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), a potent antioxidant. When tissues were treated with 0.5 mM Hg, activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were inhibited, and glutathione content was also reduced. Such effects were prevented by JSA, but not by DPPD. JSA prevented Hg-induced morphological changes. Conclusions : These results indicate that JSA exerts the protective effect against liver cell injury induced by toxic agents through antioxidant action, and this effect may be attributed to an increase in activities of endogeous anitoxidant enzymes and GSH content. However, antioxidant effect of JSA is different from that of a well-known potent antioxidant DPPD.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

The sale of brown rice batches composed of rice produced in different years is prohibited in Korea. Thus, new methods for the identification of the year of production are critical for maintaining the distribution of high quality brown rice. Here, we describe the exploitation of an enzyme that can be used to discriminate between freshly harvested and one-year-old brown rice. The degree of enzyme activity was visualized through freshness test with Guaiacol, Oxydol, and p-phenylenediamine reagents. With electronic eye equipment, we selected 29 color codes for identifying new brown rice and old brown rice. The discrimination power of selected color codes showed a minimum of 0.263 to a maximum of 0.922 and an average value of 0.62. The accuracy with which new brown rice and old brown rice could be identified was 100% in principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA analysis had greater discriminatory power than did the PCA analysis. A verification test using new brown rice, old brown rice, or a mixture of the two was then performed to validate our method. The accuracy of identification of new and old brown rice was 100% in both cases, whereas mixed brown rice samples were correctly classified at a rate of 96.9%. Additionally, in order to test whether the discriminant constructed in winter can be applied to samples collected in summer, new and old brown rice stored for 8 months were collected and tested. Both new and old brown rice collected in summer were classified as old brown rice and showed 50% identification accuracy. We were able to attribute these observations to changes in enzyme content over time, and therefore we conclude, it will be necessary to develop discriminants that are specific to distinct storage periods in the near future.