• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

19 Samples of koji-starters using in brewing were collected from Korea and Japan, and then 31 strains of koji-molds were isolated from them. After Identification of the Isolate, rice koji was made with each strains, and its saccharogenic activity, dextrogenic activity, proteolytic activity, acid Producing ability, browning reaction and flavor were tested. Among 31 strains of isolates, 10 strains were Identified as Asp nwamori var. kawachii, 18 strains as Asp. oryzae, 3 strains as Asp. usamii mkt. shirousamii. The koji-starters made in Korea were composed of single species of koji-mold with same strain, but those made in Japan were composed of the mixture of different two species or the mixture of different 2 ∼4 strains in same species. Judging from amylolytic and proteolytic ability by species, Asp. awamori var. kawachii H1, I1 and 11, Asp. owsae J2, L2, M2, P3 and P4, and Asp. usamii writ. shirousamii S1 were better than the others. Mold strains isolated from Korean koji-starters were much lower in amylolytic or proteolytic activity than those from Japanese koji-starters. The typical characteristics for the 3 species of koji-molds were that Asp. awamori var. kawachii was strong in acid producing ability, but week in amylolytic and proteolytic ability, that Asp. owzae had strong amylolytic activity and good aroma, but produced little amount of acid, and that Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii had strong Proteolytic activity but some off-flavor.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.89-93
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• 1969

The strains selected in the previous paper were identified according to the manual of Aspergilli by Thom and Raper, and the preparation of the crude enzymes with the strains were investigated. The fermented fodders were made with wheat bran and chaffs containing 20% wheat bran by the strains, and the feeding experiments concerned was conducted. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The selected strains were identified as below; MC-9 was a similar strain of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, MC-10 was a similar strain of Aspergillus flavus Link, MC-53 was a similar strain of Aspergillus penicilloides Spegazzini and MC-61 was a similar strain of Aspergillus niger mut Schiemanni n. comb. 2. Percentages of crude enzymes obtained from the dried matters of the wheat bran cultures were MC-9: 2.9%, MC-10: 3.9%, MC-53: 6.4% and MC-61:2.6%. And the cellulase activity of MC-9 was the most active among the crude enzymes as the same as the filtrates of wheat bran cultures. 3. As the results of the feeding experiments, changes of body weights showed no trends to be significant as compared with the control group, and the groups of MC-9 and MC-61 showed the increasing significance with P<0.05 in egg-laying rate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1098-1105
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• 2017

Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) has been widely used for pseudotyping retroviral, lentiviral, and artificial viral vectors. The objective of this study was to establish a potential approach for large-scale production of VSV-G. To this end, VSV-G was cloned with an N-terminal His-tag into Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC3.5K. Three clones ($Mut^s$) containing the VSV-G expression cassette were identified by PCR. All clones proliferated normally in expansion medium, whereas the proliferation was reduced significantly under induction conditions. VSV-G protein was detected in cell lysates by western blot analysis, and the highest expression level was observed at 96 h post induction. VSV-G could also be obtained from the condition medium of yeast protoplasts. Furthermore, VSV-G could be incorporated into Ad293 cells and was able to induce cell fusion, leading to the transfer of cytoplasmic protein. Finally, VSV-G-mediated DNA transfection was assayed by flow cytometry and luciferase measurement. Incubation of VSV-G lysate with the pGL3-control DNA complex increased the luciferase activity in Ad293 and HeLa cells by about 3-fold. Likewise, incubation of VSV-G lysate with the pCMV-DsRed DNA complex improved the transfection efficiency into Ad293 by 10% and into HeLa cells by about 1-fold. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that VSV-G could be produced from P. pastoris with biofunctionalities, demonstrating that large-scale production of the viral glycoprotein is feasible.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.801-810
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• 2021

Objective: microRNAs (miRNAs) can play a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and their role is achieved by regulating the expression of target genes. Our previous high-throughput sequencing found that ssc-miR-185 plays an important regulatory role in piglet diarrhea, but its specific target genes and functions in intestinal porcine epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) are still unclear. We intended to verify the target relationship between porcine miR-185 and cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) gene in IPEC-J2 and to explore the effect of miR-185 on the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells. Methods: The TargetScan, miRDB, and miRanda software were used to predict the target genes of porcine miR-185, and CDC42 was selected as a candidate target gene. The CDC42-3' UTR-wild type (WT) and CDC42-3'UTR-mutant type (MUT) segments were successfully cloned into pmirGLO luciferase vector, and the luciferase activity was detected after co-transfection with miR-185 mimics and pmirGLO-CDC42-3'UTR. The expression level of CDC42 was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The proliferation of IPEC-J2 was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Results: Double enzyme digestion and sequencing confirmed that CDC42-3'UTR-WT and CDC42-3'UTR-MUT were successfully cloned into pmirGLO luciferase reporter vector, and the luciferase activity was significantly reduced after co-transfection with miR-185 mimics and CDC42-3'UTR-WT. Further we found that the mRNA and protein expression level of CDC42 were down-regulated after transfection with miR-185 mimics, while the opposite trend was observed after transfection with miR-185 inhibitor (p<0.01). In addition, the CCK-8, MTT, and EdU results demonstrated that miR-185 promotes IPEC-J2 cells proliferation by targeting CDC42. Conclusion: These findings indicate that porcine miR-185 can directly target CDC42 and promote the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism of miR-185/CDC42 axis in piglets' resistance to diarrhea is yet to be elucidated in further investigation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.1215-1221
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• 2017

Parametric array transducers are used for highly directional speaker in an air environments. Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers for parametric array transducers need DC-biased voltage driving signals in order to get high-directional quality-sound features. The existing power amplifier such as class A amplifiers has low efficiency and require large volume heatsinks. To overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the conventional amplifier, this paper proposes a new power amplifier system. The proposed power amplifier system ensures high linearity of output characteristic by utilizing the push-pull class B type amplifier. Furthermore, the proposed power amplifier system gets high efficiency because it contains the DC-DC converter-type power supply which can perform energy recovery and envelope tracking function. Also the paper suggests the detailed circuit topology. Its characteristics are verified by the detailed experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

The quality characteristics of traditional Korean Takju fermented with discolored, broken, and milled rice were evaluated. Initial pH of medium and culure temperature for the alcohol fermentation were 4.2 and 26$^{\circ}C$, respectively. After 5 days of cultivation, final pH and temperature were 4.0 and 23.5$^{\circ}C$. The alcohol contents in fermentation of discolored and broken rice was about 18.0％ and that of milled rice was 18.7％. The content of succinic acid was highest in organic acid components of products fermented three materials respectively. The major volatiles were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, n-propanol and ethyl acetate. In free amino acid composition of mashes, alanine retained more than 1000 mg％. Free sugars contained in mashes such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose were also analysed by HPLC. Results of sensory evaluation in taste, aroma, color were showed good score above 4.3.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2013

Purpose: Hypermethylation of human mut L homologue 1 (hMLH1) promoter region is known to cause sporadic microsatellite instability (MSI) colorectal cancers. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the key enzyme in folate metabolism, acting as a methyl donor for DNA methylation. In this study, we investigate whether the polymorphism of MTHFR 677C>T plays a role in the alteration of the promoter-specific hypermethylation, predisposing to MSI colorectal cancers. Methods: Total of 487 sporadic colorectal cancer patients in CHA Bundang Medical Center were collected. MSI was identified when two or more are positive among five microsatellite markers (BAT25, BAT26, D17S250, D5S346, D2S123). The others were classified as microsatellite stable (MSS). Polymorphism of MTHFR 677C>T was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: MSI was observed in 65 of 487 patients (12.73%). MSI colorectal cancers showed similar clinicopathological features with previously reported; younger age onset, right-sided preponderance, mucinous and poorly differentiated histology, lower stage, fewer lymph node metastases than MSS tumors (each P<0.05). The frequency of MTHFR 677TT genotype was 17.7% in the MSI group higher than 14.6% in the MSS group (P=0.17). Although not statistically significant, compared to the MTHFR 677CC referent, MTHFR 677 CT+TT genotype was more likely to have MSI than MSS (odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 3.68; P=0.06). Conclusion: This study demonstrated higher frequency of MTHFR 677TT genotype in MSI colorectal cancers. Furthermore, individuals with MTHFR 677CT+TT variant type might potentially develop MSI rather than MSS colorectal cancers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2008

The level of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among Korean ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus karpowi) habitat and subspecies have been investigated based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Wild and domesticated Korean ring-necked pheasant, hybrids between domesticated Korean ring-necked and foreign subspecies, and four foreign subspecies; Chinese ring-necked (P. c. torquatus), Melanistic mutant (P. c. mut. tenebrosus), XL White (P. c. mut) and Southern green (P. c. versicolor) were used for comparison. On the basis of the results of AMOV A, 94.08% of genetic diversity in Korean ring-necked was allocated among individuals within habitat differences. Estimate of $\Phi$st, which represents the degree of genetic differentiation among habitats was 5.9%. Based on the dendrogram reconstructed by UPGMA, Yangpyung habitat of the eight habitats turned out to be distinct from others habitat. Interestingly, domesticated Korean ring-necked and hybrid mixture showed closer genetic relationship with four foreign subspecies than Korean ring-necked. As a consequence of AMOVA, 96.63% of genetic diversity in four foreign subspecies was allocated among individuals within subspecies. Estimate of $\Phi$st representing the degree of genetic differentiation among subspecies was 3.4%, which was lower than that among habitats of Korean ring-necked. The lower level of genetic difference among four foreign subspecies showed that these subspecies were genetically closer even though they were morphologically classified into four different subspecies. When seven habitats of Korean ring-necked pheasant and four foreign subspecies were divided into Korean and Foreign Pheasant Groups, respectively, more than 17% of genetic diversity was allocated between groups (about 4% among habitats/subspecies within groups). This observation implied that Korean ring-necked pheasant is genetically quite different from four foreign subspecies. On the basis of cluster analysis, three foreign subspecies (Chinese ring-necked pheasant, Melanistic mutant pheasant, and XL White pheasant) formed a distinct group with domesticated Korean ring-necked pheasant and hybrid mixture at 98% confidence interval.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2591-2596
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group l (ERCC1), MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in 111 cases of non-small cell lung cancer paraffin embedded surgical specimens. Through og-rank survival analysis, we evaluated the prognostic value of the ERCC1, MSH2, PARP1 and the related clinicopathological factors. COX regression analysis was used to determine whether ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 were independent prognostic factors. Results: In the enrolled 111 non-small cell lung cancer patients, the positive expression rate of ERCC1, MSH2 and RARP1 was 33.3%, 36.9% and 55.9%, respectively. ERCC1 (P<0.001) and PARP1 (P=0.033) were found to be correlated with the survival time while there was no correlation for MSH2 (P=0.298). Patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 negative cancer had significantly longer survival time than those with ERCC1 (P=0.042) or PARP1 (P=0.027) positive alone. Similalry, the survival time of patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 positive cancer was shorter than those with ERCC1 (P=0.048) or PARP1 (P=0.01) positive alone. Conclusion: Patients with ERCC1 or PARP1 negative non-small cell lung cancer appear to benefit from platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6411-6413
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• 2013

Adenocarcinoma of esophagus (AE) is a complex disease, affected by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Much evidence has shown that the MutY glycosylase homologue (MUTYH) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many cancers. However, there have been no reports on influence on AE in the Han Chinese population. The objective of this study was to investigate this issue. A gene-based association study was conducted using three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) reported in previous studies. The three SNPs (rs3219463, rs3219472, rs3219489) were genotyped in 207 unrelated AE patients and 249 healthy controls in a case-control study using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results revealed that the genotype distribution of rs3219472 differed between the case and control groups (OR=1.66,95%CI=1.11-2.48, P=0.012), indicating that an association may exist between MUTYH and AE. These findings support a signifcant role for MUTYH in AE pathogenesis in the Han Chinese population.