• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2019.07a
• /
• pp.59-60
• /
• 2019

RPG장르를 기준으로 15세 이용가 게임인 리니지2와 청소년 이용 불가 게임인 아이온을 선정하여 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간의 차이를 조사, 분석한 결과, 두 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간은 리니지2가 47일이고 아이온이 54일로 다소 차이는 있으나, 양측검정 결과를 보면 P값이 0.794(P>0.05)로 두 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간은 차이가 없음을 알 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청소년 이용 등급인 12세 이용가와 15세 이용가 게임을 선정하여 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간의 차이를 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2022.07a
• /
• pp.201-202
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 게임관련 학업을 전공으로 하는 남학생 31명, 여학생 18명, 총 49명을 대상으로 e스포츠 경기 시청 여부를 조사하였다. 그 결과 남학생의 경우는 응답자의 약 77%가 e스포츠 경기를 시청한다고 응답하였으며, 약 13%만이 e스포츠 경기를 시청하지 않는다고 응답하였다. 여학생의 경우는 응답자의 61%가 e스포츠 경기를 시청하지 않는다고 응답하였으며, 33%가 e스포츠 경기를 시청한다고 응답하였다. 교차분석를 한 결과, 유의수준 P값이 0.0004 (P>0.05)로 남학생과 여학생간의 e스포츠 경기 시청에 대한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2022.07a
• /
• pp.203-204
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 게임관련 학업을 전공으로 하는 남학생 27명, 여학생 18명, 총 45명을 대상으로 게임이용 한달 지출 금액을 조사하였다. 그 결과 남학생의 경우는 응답자의 약 74%가 게임이용에 금액을 지출한다고 응답하고 있으며, 여학생의 경우는 응답자의 50%가 게임이용에 금액을 지출한다고 응답하고 있다. T-검정 결과, 양측검정 유의수준 P값이 0.13(P>0.05)로 남학생과 여학생간의 게임이용에 대한 지출금액의 평균에 대한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 게임관련 학업을 전공으로 하는 학생들은 남학생과 여학생 구분없이 게임이용에 지출하는 금액의 평균의 차이가 없다고 할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2020.07a
• /
• pp.457-458
• /
• 2020

신대영(2018, 2019)의 연구에서 RPG장르를 기준으로 T-test를 활용하여 두 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간의 차이를 조사, 분석한 결과, 신대영(2018, 2019)의 두 연구 모두 두게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간은 차이가 없음을 알 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전체이용가, 12세이용가 그리고 청소년이용불가 게임을 선정하여 One-way ANOVA를 이용하여 세 게임간의 평균 차이를 연구하였다. 분산분석 결과, 유의수준 P값이 0.657(P>0.05)로 세 게임간의 이벤트 실시와 관련하여 평균의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2020.07a
• /
• pp.459-460
• /
• 2020

신대영(2019)의 정액제 게임과 부분유료화 게임간의 이벤트 실시와 관련하여 평균 이벤트 기간의 차이 연구에서 리니지2와 마비노비 두 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간의 차이 검증에서 양측검정 결과 P값이 0.01(P>0.05)로 두 게임간의 평균 이벤트 기간은 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 다만 해당 연구에서는 정액제 게임으로 청소년 이용불가 게임인 리니지2와 와 부분유료화 게임으로 청소년 이용가능 게임인 마비노기 대상으로 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 같은 등급인 청소년이용불가 게임으로 리니지2와 A3리턴즈를 선정하여 정액제와 부분유료화 등 요금정책과 평균 이벤트 기간과의 차이를 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2023.07a
• /
• pp.127-128
• /
• 2023

게임관련 학업을 전공으로 하는 남학생 31명, 여학생 18명, 총 49명을 대상으로 e스포츠 관련 지식과 정부를 얼마나 많이 알고 있는가의 정보 수집의 차이에 대한 연구를 하였다. 그 결과 남학생의 평균 값은 3.22이고 여학생의 평균 값은 2.44로 두 집단의 평균의 차이를 보이고 있다. 두 집단간의 평균의 차이를 알기 위해 T-test를 실시한 결과, 유의수준 P값이 0.0024(P>0.05)로 남녀 두 집단간의 e스포츠에 관한 정보수집의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2014

The aim of the study is to test a hypothesis that quasi-breath-hold (QBH) biofeedback improves the residual respiratory motion management in gated 3D thoracic MR imaging, reducing respiratory motion artifacts with insignificant acquisition time alteration. To test the hypothesis five healthy human subjects underwent two gated MR imaging studies based on a T2 weighted SPACE MR pulse sequence using a respiratory navigator of a 3T Siemens MRI: one under free breathing and the other under QBH biofeedback breathing. The QBH biofeedback system utilized the external marker position on the abdomen obtained with an RPM system (Real-time Position Management, Varian) to audio-visually guide a human subject for 2s breath-hold at 90% exhalation position in each respiratory cycle. The improvement in the upper liver breath-hold motion reproducibility within the gating window using the QBH biofeedback system has been assessed for a group of volunteers. We assessed the residual respiratory motion management within the gating window and respiratory motion artifacts in 3D thoracic MRI both with/without QBH biofeedback. In addition, the RMSE (root mean square error) of abdominal displacement has been investigated. The QBH biofeedback reduced the residual upper liver motion within the gating window during MR acquisitions (~6 minutes) compared to that for free breathing, resulting in the reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in lung and liver of gated 3D thoracic MR images. The abdominal motion reduction in the gated window was consistent with the residual motion reduction of the diaphragm with QBH biofeedback. Consequently, average RMSE (root mean square error) of abdominal displacement obtained from the RPM has been also reduced from 2.0 mm of free breathing to 0.7 mm of QBH biofeedback breathing over the entire cycle (67% reduction, p-value=0.02) and from 1.7 mm of free breathing to 0.7 mm of QBH biofeedback breathing in the gated window (58% reduction, p-value=0.14). The average baseline drift obtained using a linear fit was reduced from 5.5 mm/min with free breathing to 0.6 mm/min (89% reduction, p-value=0.017) with QBH biofeedback. The study demonstrated that the QBH biofeedback improved the upper liver breath-hold motion reproducibility during the gated 3D thoracic MR imaging. This system can provide clinically applicable motion management of the internal anatomy for gated medical imaging as well as gated radiotherapy.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2009

Step-drawdown tests were conducted at four pumping Wells, two in porous media and two in fractured rocks, respectively. In general, P = 2.0 suggested by Jacob (1947) is applied to porous media and fractured rocks in terms of drawdowns of step-drawdown test. In an attempt to review problems of linear model (Jacob's graphic method) in interpreting the step-draw down test, the outcomes of well parameters (aquifer loss coefficient (B), well loss coefficient (C) and well loss exponent (P)) calculated from linear and nonlinear model (Labadie and Helweg's least-squares method) were compared and analyzed. The values of C and P calculated from linear and nonlinear models differed according to permeability of aquifer and the conditions of pumping well. The value C obtained from nonlinear models in porous media and fractured rocks is about $10^0{\sim}10^{-2}$ and $10^{-3}{\sim}10^{-6}$ times lower than in their linear models, respectively. The value P of porous media obtained from nonlinear model ranged from 2.123 to 2.775, while it ranged from 3.459 to 5.635 for fractured rocks. In case of nonlinear model, well loss highly depends on the value P. At this time, well efficiencies calculated from linear and nonlinear models were $1.56{\sim}14.89%$ for porous media and $8.73{\sim}24.71%$ for fractured rocks, showing a significant error according to chosen models. In nonlinear model, it was found that the regression analysis using the least squares method was very useful to interpret step-drawdown test in all aquifer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.64-79
• /
• 2010

Students with intellectual disabilities typically have great difficulties communicating their needs and wants and may get frustrated, anxious or show signs of aggressive behaviour. They are often unable to understand the concept of relationships with other people as well. This lack of social communication and interaction leads to poor motivation which increases other areas of difficulty in their lives. Therefore, to teach students with intellectual disabilities, it is essential to find special teaching methods to support their positive behavior. This paper proposes that special educational curriculum for students with intellectual impairments utilize natural environments(forests) and materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Educational Programs Utilizing Forests on maladjusted behavior of students with mental retardation and to examine the positive effects of such planning practices. The subjects were middle school students who attended a special school for mentally-retarded students. They were divided into two separate groups- an experimental group and a control group. All subjects received the pre and post test using the same method. This program was applied to the formal educational process of middle school from March 1st to October 30th, 2009. In this experiment the results indicate that the effect of using a natural environment(forest) and the materials within a formal educational curriculum was positive as a type of horticultural therapy and that it supports positive behavior strategies in students with intellectual impairments. The usage of various natural materials including plants and flowers within the natural environments provide students with increased opportunities to participate. Teaching methods including natural materials help teachers engage with their students more easily during routine activities as their interest is already stimulated. This project will help students with intellectual impairments to build skills which enable effective participation and increase independence throughout their lives. This should be embedded into both routine and planned activities of the classroom Also, it offers a needed interior plan for the treatment space through an analysis of psychological factors of how the environment affects students.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.1279-1295
• /
• 2008

This study was done to find out the effects that group art therapy would have on low rank cognitive functions and the self-esteem of the elderly with dementia. The study subjects were four elderly females with light dementia symptoms who scored lower than 19 points on the MMSE-K(Mini Mental State Examination-Korea) test. They were chosen from the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Senior Welfare Service Center located in Seoul. A total of 15 sessions of a group art therapy were given once a week for 60 minutes from January 15th to April 30th of 2008, the research tools employed were the MMSE-K and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on which a pre-test and a post-test were given. The results obtained are as follows. First, it was shown that group art therapy is effective to improve the cognitive functions of the elderly with dementia. According to the pre-tests and post -tests based on MMSE-K, the average score improved from 16.75 to 19.75, using Wilcoxon non-parameter statistics, verification resultant p-value which significant difference exhibited as .046, from the pre-tests and post-test, the average score improved in the subordinate areas of Orientation, Registration, Attention and Calculation, language function, understanding and judgment but there was no significant difference, memory recollection improved by a score of 0.70 according to the pre-test and post-test. using Wilcoxon non-parameter statistics, the verification resultant p-value which significant difference exhibited as .043. Second, it appeared with the fact that group art therapy effects the Self-Esteem of the elderly with dementia. From the verifications of a pre-test and post-test on Self-Esteem, the average score improved from 20.75 to 24.25, the effectiveness of the program was given proven by statistically considering the statistical resultant p-value of .048.