• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2000

The feeding preference of cigarette beetles, Lasioderma serricorne F., was tested using various leaf litters. The number of the trapped L. serricome was 45.25$\pm$10.44 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., 23.50$\pm$6.0 at chinese juniper, Juniperus chinensis L., 1l.75$\pm$4.99 at oak, Qqercus acutissiuma C., and 1l.50$\pm$2.52 at rice-straw, (Oryza. sativa L.). The response of oviposition was 93.20$\pm$26.22 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, 53.60$\pm$11.82 at chinese juniper, 48.20$\pm$20.90 at oriental arborvitae, Thuja orientalis L., 31.80$\pm$18.10 at cherry-tree, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea M., and 29.40$\pm$13.7 at rice-straw. However, the oviposition was respectively low at gingko, Ginkgo biloba L.,(5.40$\pm$2.97), turf grass, Zoysia japonica S., (5.20$\pm$13.7), and oak (3.00$\pm$l.41). The augmentation was maximum at chinese juniper (27.33$\pm$19.44 of emerged adults) followed by Magnolia obovata (8.50$\pm$9.33). Fifty percent of the tested species leaf litters including cherry-tree did not show any augmentation. The adult activities after hibernation were primarily found in May and June at Kwangju and Suwon, and in April at Chungju. The field activity of L. serricome at Suwon was mostly lower than that at other places, except in August at Chungju. The first appearance of L. serricome was observed earlier at Chungju and Kwangju than at Suwon, and the frequency of insect appearance was high in July, August, and September. L. serricome could hibernate by feeding on many kinds of plant leaf litters and it's population could be maintained in the open field in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2002

Longevities of Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi, ectoparasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) larva. were 23.0, 16.9. and 12.7 days at 20, 25, and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The adults copulated and laid eggs as soon as they emerged at 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$. The total number of eggs laid and the daily oviposition rate were 82.3/3.6, 90.3/6.0, and 95.5/7.8 at the three different constant temperatures. The sex ratios were 0.37,0.43. and 0.43 at 20,25, and 30$^{\circ}C$. respectively. Female oviposited 1.4 eggs near parasitized host larva and the average distance between eggs of H. zilahisebessi andhost larva wre 0.92mm. The instrinsic increase rates(r$\sub$m/) of H. zilahisebessi were 0.12, 0.19 and 0.27, and net reproduction were 31.0, 40.2, and 40.8 at 20,25, and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Female of H. zilahisebessi oviposited mainly on the 3rd larva and sex ratio was 0.42, wheras the ratio was declined to 0.1 on the 1st larva.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.300-304
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• 2013

Pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle, has become the most serious threat to pine trees in Korea since 1988. Pine wood nematode is transferred to healthy trees by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) during its maturation feeding and female oviposition. A typical control method against insect vectors in Korea is fumigation of the dead trees by using metam-sodium SL (25%). However, this method is not environment friendly because of the forest contamination by chemical application and destroying landscape by plastic cover. Portable Bark Remover (PBR) was invented to reduce these environmental problems. The vectors oviposit under the bark of the newly dead trees only. Debarking infested trees prevents the vectors from laying eggs and eventually, they can not complete their life cycle. The PBR is a modified debarking device that is attached on the top of the electrical chain saw, which allows ease and rapid debarking of the infested trees. The new method by PBR is expected to be more economic and effective than other conventional methods such as "crushing", "burning" and "fumigation".

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2014

The olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) is the key pest for olive cultivation worldwide. Substantial effort has been invested in the development of the sterile insect technique (SIT) to control this pest. One of the limitations to develop SIT technology for olive fruit fly is the low ability of wild females to lay eggs in other medium than olive fruits, and their slow adaptation to oviposition in artificial substrates. In the present study, fruit grapes were used as an alternative egg collection medium to harvest eggs and young larvae from freshly colonized wild strains originating from France, Italy, Spain and Croatia. The larvae were allowed to develop into the fruits until the second instar, before they were extracted out and further reared on a standard artificial diet. Furthermore, F1 to F4 female flies were alternatively offered wax bottles to oviposit. Finally, the performance of hybrid strains created from crosses between wild and long colonised flies was assessed. The results showed that females of all 4 wild strains readily oviposited eggs in grapes and from the F2 generation onward, females from all strains were adapted to laying eggs in wax bottles. No difference was observed in eggs and pupae production among all strains tested. The findings are discussed for their implications on SIT application against olive fruit fly.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. The Korean native bumblebee, Bombus ignitus, undergoes one generation per year, and induction of artificial hibernation is essential for year-round rearing of the bumblebee. Keeping queens under cold treatment conditions for several mo is an effective method for terminating their diapause and promoting colony development. In the present study, we investigated how the timing and duration of chilling affect the artificial hibernation of B. ignitus queens. In the timing assessment, cold treatment was instituted at 12 d, 40 d, or 100 d after eclosion under a constant temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and 80% humidity. The queens that entered cold treatment at 12 d after emergence evidenced the highest survival rates: 86.7% at two mo, 73.3% at three mo, and 46.4% at 4 mo. Survival rates were reduced under storage conditions at 12 d, 40 d, and 100 d after emergence. When queens were subjected to chilling at 8 d, 12 d, or 16 d after eclosion with constant 80% humidity, the queens stored at 12 d after eclosion exhibited the highest survival rates, which were 84.6 at one mo, 25.0% at two mo, and 7.9% at three mo. In regards to the duration of the cold period, the queens that hibernated for at least two mo evidenced optimal colony development rates. The rates of oviposition, colony foundation, and progeny-queen production of queens hibernated for two mo were 60.0%, 30.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. These values were 6.0 to 13.3 times higher than those in the queens that hibernated for 15 d. Therefore, a cold period of at least 2 mo applied 12 d after emergence were found to be the most favorable conditions for diapause break in B. ignitus queens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate various crops, especially tomato, in greenhouses and fields. An artificial hibernation is essential for year-round rearing of the bumblebee, which passes through one generation per year. Here, we investigated whether a chilling temperature and humidity affect artificial hibernation of the bumblebee queen Bombus terrestris. In chilling temperature regimes of $0^{\circ}C$, $2.5^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $7.5^{\circ}C$ or $12.5^{\circ}C$ under constant humidity >70%, the queens stored at $2.5^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest rate of survival, which was 74.0% at one month, 67.0% at two months, 60.0% at three months, 46.0% at 4 months, 33.0% at 5 months, and 24.0% at 6 months. Rates of survival decreased at the following temperatures: $0^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $7.5^{\circ}C$ and $12.5^{\circ}C$. Colony developmental characteristics after diapause were 1.2- to 1.5-fold higher than those of queens stored at $5^{\circ}C$. In terms of chilling humidity, the queens hibernated at 70% under $2.5^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest rate of survival, which was $93.3{\pm}3.4%$ at one month, $83.3{\pm}0.0%$ at two months, $76.7{\pm}0.0%$ at 3 months and $36.7{\pm}12.1%$ at 5 months. The rates of oviposition, colony foundation and progeny-queen production of queens hibernated at 70% were 80.8%, 30.8% and 30.8%, respectively. These values correspond to 1.7- to 3.3-fold increases in comparison to queens stored at 50% humidity. Therefore, $2.5^{\circ}C$ and 70% R.H. were the favorable chilling temperature and humidity conditions for diapause break of B. terrestris queens.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.550-558
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• 2018

To develop a system for the mass production of Protaetia brevitarsislarvae (Pbl), this study analyzed the oviposition characteristics of third instar Pbl through successive rearing and cold treatments. In the first generation, females laid 50 eggs each on average, and spawned higher numbers of eggs for the first 5 days but then fewer after this. However, all of the $2^{nd}$-generation females that were produced through the successive rearing of eggs from the $1^{st}$ generation did not spawn. When test insects (TI) were raised at $32^{\circ}C$, their $mean{\pm}SE$ pupal period and emergence rate were $28.4{\pm}1.9$ days and 87%, respectively. However, most individuals raised in cold treatments ($5^{\circ}C$ and $-5^{\circ}C$) without a pre-cooling period did not survive. Individuals exposed to a pre-cooling period, however, had a 7-10 days longer pupal period than those raised at $32^{\circ}C$, and their emergence rate (90%) was slightly higher. Different cold treatment temperatures ($0^{\circ}C$, $3^{\circ}C$, or $5^{\circ}C$) and periods (30 or 60 days) were tested in further experiments. The experimental group kept for 30 days at $0^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$ had the shortest pupal period of all, and emergence rates exceeded 90% in most groups. With respect to the number of eggs spawned by the second generation females after cold treatments, the experimental groups held in cold treatments at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 60 days were found to spawn the most eggs. Consequently, the experimental group kept at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days was the most effective set of conditions tested during the entire breeding period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.511-520
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• 2022

Insect-resistant transgenic rice (Bt-T) expresses a toxic protein (mcry1Ac1) derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis found in the rice cultivar Dongjin with an insecticidal property against rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). In this study, to investigate the impact of Bt-T on non-target organisms, the feed and oviposition preferences and biological parameters of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) were comparatively analyzed in four rice cultivars: Dongjin (parent variety), Ilmi (reference cultivar), Chinnong (brown planthopper resistant cultivar) and Bt-T. In the Bt-T and Dongjin cultivars, the feed preferences were 32.4 ± 8.3 and 34.1 ± 6.8%, and the oviposition preferences were 32.5 ± 5.1 and 30.0 ± 5.3% respectively, and there was no statistical significance between these rices. Additionally, in the Bt-T and Dongjin cultivars, the total lifespans from egg to adult were 39.5 ± 6.9 and 40.0 ± 5.8 days, and the weights of adult females were 1.78 ± 0.14 and 1.72 ± 0.16 mg, respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference in the biological parameters between these two varieties. Overall, the results indicate that the insect-resistant transgenic rice (Bt-T) did not negatively affect the reproduction and life cycle of brown planthopper, a non-target organism.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.633-638
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• 2022

Banker plants are non-crop plants that can be used to maintain natural enemies of crop pests. Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is an important natural predator used to control pest insects, such as thrips, in horticultural crops. The development of suitable banker plants is necessary to maintain O. laevigatus populations within agricultural areas and to effectively improve thrips control. The oviposition rate of O. laevigatus was compared when reared on various flowering plants, such as sedum, rose moss, and chrysanthemum; oviposition rate was highest on the yellow-flowered chrysanthemum variety than on any other plant. This study provides important information for the practical application of banker plants to improve the efficiency of O. laevigatus in agricultural areas.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develop temperature-driven models for a population model of turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi: nymphal development rate models and apterious adult's oviposition (larviparous) model. Nymphal development and the longevity and fecundity of adults were examined on cabbage at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 16L:8D). L. erysimi nymphs did not survive at $10^{\circ}C$. Development time of nymphs increased with increasing temperature up to $30^{\circ}C$ and thereafter slightly decreased, ranging from 18.5 d at $15^{\circ}C$ to 5.9 d at $30^{\circ}C$. The lower threshold temperature and thermal constant were estimated as $7.9^{\circ}C$ and 126.3 degree days, respectively. The nonlinear model of Lactin 2 fitted well for the relationship between the development rate and temperature of small (1+2 instar), large (3+4 instar) and total nymph (all instars). The Weibull function provided a good fit for the distribution of development times of each stage. Temperature affected the longevity and fecundity of L. erysimi. Adult longevity decreased as the temperature increased and ranged from 24.4 d at $20^{\circ}C$ to 16.4 d at $30.0^{\circ}C$ with abnormal longevity 18.2 d at $15^{\circ}C$, which was used to estimate adult aging rate model for the calculation of adult physiological age. L. erysimi showed a maximum fecundity of 91.6 eggs per female at $20^{\circ}C$. In this study, we provided three temperature-dependent components for an oviposition model of L. erysimi: total fecundity, age-specific cumulative oviposition rate, and age-specific survival rate.