• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.54.1-54.1
• /
• 2006

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.269-271
• /
• 1974

This investigation was performed to study of chickens naturally infected with leucocytozoon. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The characteristic macroscopical changes observed were hemorrhages and elevated greyish white spots on the oviduct, the liver, the pancreas, the kidney and the pectoral muscles. 2. Microscopically, megaloschizonts were located in groups in the elevated greyish white spots. Hemorrhage and degenerative necrotic changes were observed around the megaloschizonts.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.115-115
• /
• 1999

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 1990

These studies were carried out to find the proper conditions for in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes and culture methods capable of further developing early embryos. For these objectives, the cleavage rate of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro was investigated under medium supplemented with hormones and estrous cow serum and season of oocytes collection as well as different cumulus cell stage before insemination. Finally, 2~8 cell embryos were cultured in in vitro and in vitro culture system to investigate developmental capacity into morula. 1. Cleavage rate of oocytes matured in vitro was 27%(20/73) for A(LH＋FSH＋estradil-17$\beta$＋10% FBS), 38%(27/71) for B(LH＋10% ECS) and 27%(15/56) for C(10% ECS), respectively. Supplement B showed more higher rate and 4~8 cell embryos were also obtained much more in this group(67%, 18/27). In vitro maturation rate of follicular oocytes cultured in TCM 199 supplemented withLH and 10% ECS was 88%(75/85). 2. Cleavage rate(15%, 10/65) of oocytes collected in summer was significantly lower than in fall(47%, 42/89). 3. Cleavage rate(15%, 10/65) of oocytes collected in summer was significantly lower than in fall(47%, 42/89). 3. Cleavage rate(15%, 10/65) of oocytes with partially removed cumulus cell before insemination was more higher than that(44%, 27/62) of oocytes with intact cumulus cell. 4. The frequency of development from early cleaved embryos into morula was 6%(4/65), 12%(4/33) for co-culture of cumulus cell monolayer and bovine oviduct epithelial cell monolayer, respectively and 25%(6/25) in ligated rabbit oviduct.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2010

The effect of exogenous administration of tamoxifen (TAM) on hormonal profile and sexual maturity in Indian native Kadaknath (KN) fowl was investigated. Day-old chicks from the same hatch were randomly divided into 15 groups with 20 chicks in each group (5 treatments${\times}$3 replicates). The chicks were placed in battery brooders with wire-mesh floors and reared under uniform husbandry conditions (14 h light/d, 25-32${^{\circ}C}$) on a standard basal diet. At the age of two weeks (wk), birds from the control group ($T_{1}$) were injected with maize oil intramuscularly (I/M), whereas the other four experimental groups $T_{2}$, $T_{3}$, $T_{4}$ and $T_{5}$ were given tamoxifen (I/M) dissolved in maize oil at the rate of 0.5 mg (0.5 TAM), 1.0 mg (1.0 TAM), 2.5 mg (2.5 TAM) and 5.0 mg (5.0 TAM)/kg body weight, respectively, up to 30 wks on every alternate day. At every 6-wk interval, blood samples were collected from nine birds of each treatment group for estimation of estrogen and progesterone. The same birds were sacrificed for determination of the weight of ovary, oviduct, liver and adipose tissue. There was no significant difference in egg production traits except onset of lay and egg number. Low doses of TAM ($T_{3}$) advanced the onset of egg laying by 15 days over the control. Tamoxifen influenced the hormonal profile (estrogen and progesterone) in a dose dependent manner. However, higher doses of TAM suppressed ovary and oviductal growth. From this study, it may be concluded that lower doses of TAM enhanced sexual maturity while higher doses suppressed ovary and oviductal growth.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2011

Infertility of the pig is directly affects on economic loss and failure of the embryo transfer. In the present case report, we show one rare case of porcine infertility resulted from oviductal obstruction. A gilt showing normal heat behaviors was selected as a recipient of embryo transfer. During the laparotomy surgery, abnormality of the reproductive tract was founded. Several large sized cyst-like structures were founded on infundibulum and body of uterus. Severe enlargement of oviduct represents that obstruction of the oviduct. Sign of fibrosis on the surface of uterus and other internal organs revealed that the obstruction was come arise from prior peritonitis. Mild neutropenia and elevated number of monocytes, eosinophils and platelets in blood smear represent that the peritonitis might be due to chronic parasitic infection. Ovarian function was seems to be normal due to blood progesterone concentration was higher than basal level. The pig was culled because she cannot be recovered by surgical or hormonal treatment.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 1996

The objective of this study were to investigate the effects of culture media and additives on the development of bovine in vitro matured(IVM) and in vitro fertilized(IVF) oocytes. In experiment 1, bovine oocytes were cultured in droplets of TC 199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) with or without hormones (5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH, 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml E2). Cleavage rates of embryos cultured for 40~44hrs after IVF were higher when embryos were cultured in TC 199 supplemented hormones (68.1%, 921/35) than without hormones (52.7%, 77/146), but the percentages of development beyond morulae stage were not difference (20.7%, 19.4%). In experiment 2, the effects of various media such as TC 199, synthetic oviduct fluid(SOF), CR1aa with different energy source (fatal bovine serum, FBS; bovine serum albumin, BSA) on developmental capacity of IVM/IVF bovine embryos were investigated. The developmental rates into morulae and blastocysts were 27.1, 10.7, 6.3 and 0%, respecitvely, in CR1aa plus 3mg/ml BSA, SOF plus 10% FBS, TC 199 plus 10% FBS, SOF plus 3mg/ml BSA. In experiment 3, the comparisons of bovine embryos developed to morulae and blastocysts in different culture media (TC 199, SOF, CR1aa, Menezo's B2) were investigated. The developmental capacity beyond morulae stage were 32.9, 26.6, 11.1 and 7.1%, respectively, in Menezo's B2 plus BSA, CR1aa plus BSA, SOF plus BSA, TC 199 plus FBS medium. The cell numbers of the blastocyst were not different in different cultrue media. In experiment 4, bovine embryos were co-cultured with vobine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) in TC 199 plus FBS, SOF plus BSA, CR1aa plus BSA, Menezo's B2 plus BSA. The morula and blastocyst rates were 44.7, 32.9, 26.0 and 23.3%, respectively, in CR1aa TC 199, SOF, and Menezo's B2 medium. The cell numbers of the blastocyst were similar to those of blastocyst developed in different culture media.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 2014

Cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) belongs to the family of cellular retinol-binding proteins and plays a major role in absorption, transport, and metabolism of vitamin A. In addition, because vitamin A is correlated with reproductive performance, we measured CRBP II mRNA abundance in erlang mountainous chickens by real-time PCR using the relative quantification method. The expression of CRBP II showed a tissue-specific pattern and egg production rate-dependent changes. The expression was very high (p<0.05) in jejunum and liver, intermediate in kidney, ovary, and oviduct, and lowest (p<0.05) in heart, hypothalamus, and pituitary. In the hypothalamus, oviduct, ovary, and pituitary, CRBP II mRNA abundance were correlated to egg production rate, which increased from 12 wk to 32 wk, peaked at 32 wk relative to the other time points, and then decreased from 32 wk to 45 wk. In contrast, the expression of CRBP II mRNA in heart, jejunum, kidney, and liver was not different at any of the ages evaluated in this study. These data may help to understand the genetic basis of vitamin A metabolism, and suggest that CRBP II may be a candidate gene to affect egg production traits in chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.1684-1690
• /
• 2014

Estrogen and its receptors are essential hormones for normal reproductive function in males and females during developmental stage. To better understand the effect of estrogen receptor (ER) gene in yak (Bos grunniens), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to clone $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ genes. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the evolutionary relationship between yaks and other species, and real-time PCR was performed to identify the mRNA expression of $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$. Sequence analysis showed that the ER open reading frames (ORFs) encoded 596 and 527 amino acid proteins. The yak $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ shared 45.3% to 99.5% and 53.9% to 99.1% protein sequence identities with other species homologs, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ were expressed in a variety of tissues, but the expression level of $ER{\alpha}$ was higher than that of $ER{\beta}$ in all tissues, except testis. The mRNA expression of $ER{\alpha}$ was highest in the mammary gland, followed by uterus, oviduct, and ovary, and lowest in the liver, kidney, lung, testis, spleen, and heart. The $ER{\beta}$ mRNA level was highest in the ovary; intermediary in the uterus and oviduct; and lowest in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, mammary gland, and testis. The identification and tissue distribution of ER genes in yaks provides a foundation for the further study on their biological functions.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 1993

This stduy was carried out to find a reliable method for the production of in vitro fertilized embryos having more excellent development capacity and freezability in the rabbit and cattle. The greatest number of rabbit oocytes was recovered 6hrs after HCG injection(P<0.05). The maturation rate in vitro was slightly higher in the oocytes(6-h-oocytes) from 6h than those (8-h-oocytes)from 8 hrs after HCG injection and the beneficial effect of FSH during oocyte maturation was significantly great in the oocytes from large follicles. The cleavage rate into 2-to-6-cell stage was not differ between the 6-h-oocytes and 8h-oocytes, but the cleavage of these oocytes was greatly promoted by FSH addition to maturation medium and the cleavge of 8-h-oocytes matured without FSH was significantly low. The embryo development into 16-cell to morula was not promoted by the co-culture with rabbit oviduct epithelial cells. The freezability by embryo stages was ovidusly high at 4-cell and morula stage in 6-h-oocytes and the viability of 16-cell embryos from 8h-oocytes was similar to that of morula stage. The implantation sites after surgical tranfer of fresh rabbit embryos were not implanted. In bovine experiment, the in vitro development into 16-cell and morula after in vitro maturation and fertilization in the follicular oocytes was slightly improved by the co-culture with granulosa cells compared to that with oviduct epithelial cells and the frozen-thawed viability rate of these embryos ranged from 14 to 40%. The excellent fresh embryos were transferred nonsurgically to 6 recipients, but were not pregnant.