• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate positional uncertainty and its correlation with clinical parameters in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using thermoplastic mask (TM) immobilization. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 patients who underwent spine SBRT for cervical or upper thoracic spinal lesions were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with image guidance using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 4 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) positional correction. Initial, pre-treatment, and post-treatment CBCTs were analyzed. Setup error (SE), pre-treatment residual error (preRE), post-treatment residual error (postRE), intrafraction motion before treatment (IM1), and intrafraction motion during treatment (IM2) were determined from 6 DoF manual rigid registration. Results: The three-dimensional (3D) magnitudes of translational uncertainties (mean ${\pm}$ 2 standard deviation) were $3.7{\pm}3.5mm$ (SE), $0.9{\pm}0.9mm$ (preRE), $1.2{\pm}1.5mm$ (postRE), $1.4{\pm}2.4mm$ (IM1), and $0.9{\pm}1.0mm$ (IM2), and average angular differences were $1.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.2^{\circ}$ (SE), $0.9^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$ (preRE), $0.9^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$ (postRE), $0.6^{\circ}{\pm}0.9^{\circ}$ (IM1), and $0.5^{\circ}{\pm}0.5^{\circ}$ (IM2). The 3D magnitude of SE, preRE, postRE, IM1, and IM2 exceeded 2 mm in 18, 0, 3, 3, and 1 patients, respectively. No association were found between all positional uncertainties and body mass index, pain score, and treatment location (p > 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). There was a tendency of intrafraction motion to increase with overall treatment time; however, the correlation was not statistically significant (p > 0.05, Spearman rank correlation test). Conclusion: In spine SBRT using TM immobilization, CBCT and 4 DoF alignment correction, a minimum residual translational uncertainty was 2 mm. Shortening overall treatment time and 6 DoF positional correction may further reduce positional uncertainties.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish general guidelines for the treatment of patients with early glottic cancer(T1-2N0M0), by assessing the role of primary radiation therapy and by analyzing the tumor-related and treatment-related factors that influence treatment results. We also studied the results of hypofractionated radiation therapy for early glottic cancer. Material and Methods: This retrospective study comprised 48 patients who suffered from early glottic cancer and were treated by primary radiotherapy at Inha University Hospital, between May 1997 and October 2004. T-stage distribution showed 38 patients as T1 and 10 patients as stage T2. Thirty-eight patients underwent hypofractionated radiotherapy using a 6 MY photon beam, a total tumor dose of 63Gy, in 5 weekly fractions of 2.25Gy, with an overall radiation treatment time of 38 days. Ten patients in the T2 stage tolerated a total dose of 63-72 Gy(median 68.4Gy) in 5 weekly fractions of 1.8-2.0Gy, with an overall radiation treatment time of 40-87 days(median 51 days). All patients were followed up for at least 3 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors affecting the treatment results. Result: The 5-year survival rate was 92% for all patients, 94% for T1 patients and 91% for T2 patients. The local control rate was 93.5% for all patients, 95% for T1 and 92.2% for T2 patients. Three patients suffered a relapse following radiotherapy, and underwent subsequent salvage surgery. We included T-stage, tumor location, total radiation dose, field size and overall radiation treatment time as potential prognostic factors. Only T-stage was found to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis, but in the multivariate analysis, it was not found to be significant. Conclusion: High curative and voice preservation rates were obtained with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Further study with a larger number of patients is needed to determine the prognostic factors affecting treatment results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7309-7313
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• 2015

Background: The organ preservation approach of choice for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers is concurrent chemoradiation with three weekly high doses of cisplatin. Although this is an efficacious treatment policy, it has high acute systemic and mucosal toxicities, which lead to frequent treatment breaks and increased overall treatment time. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly cisplatin. Materials and Methods: This is a single institutional retrospective study including the data of 266 locally advanced head and neck cancer patients who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly cisplatin from January 2012 to January 2014. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be significant statistically for all purposes in the study. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 48.8 years. Some 36.1% of the patients had oral cavity primary tumors. The mean overall treatment time was 57.2 days. With a mean follow up of 15.2 months for all study patients and 17.5 months for survivors, 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival were seen in 62.8%, 42.8% and 42.1% of the study patients. Primary tumor site, nodal stage of disease, AJCC stage of the disease and number of cycles of weekly cisplatin demonstrated statistically significant correlations with 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival. Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with moderate dose weekly cisplatin is an efficacious treatment regime for locally advanced head and neck cancers with tolerable toxicity which can be used in developing countries with limited resources.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3287-3292
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• 2012

Purpose: To study the overall treatment time (OTT) and acute toxicity of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: This retrospective study covered all NPC patients who underwent radical IMRT treatment at the Penang General Hospital from June 2011 to February 2012. Patients of any age and stage of disease with histologically proven diagnosis were included. Information was collected on patient demographics, clinical stage, treatment received, including any neoadjuvant and/or concurrent chemotherapy, acute toxity and completion of IMRT within the OTT. Results: A total of 26 NPC patients were treated with IMRT during the study period; 88.5% had stage III/IV disease. 45.2% received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy while 50.0% were given concurrent chemo-irradiation. All patients completed the treatment and 92.3% within the 7 weeks OTT. Xerostomia was present in all patients with 92.3% having grade 2. Severe grade III/IV acute toxicity occurred in 73.1% of patients, the commonest of which was oral mucositis (57.6%). This was followed by dysphagia which occurred in 53.8%, skin reactions in 42.3% and weight loss in 19.2%. However, haematological toxicity was mild with only one patient having leucopaenia. Conclusion: IMRT treatment for NPC is feasible in our center. More importantly, it can be delivered within the 7 weeks OTT in the majority of patients. Severe grade 3/4 toxicity is very common (73.1%) and thus maximal nutritional and analgesic support is required throughout the treatment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2017

The fourth industrial revolution is a phenomenon where productivity is improved in each field by the convergence of IT technology and existing industries. In the dental treatment process, prosthetic treatment time is drastically shortened through AI and expert software. Oral imaging, prosthesis design, and prosthesis manufacturing are performed continuously, so the treatment can be completed in a few hours. In this paper, we introduce the research trend of multimedia technology in the prosthetic process. We also propose a new method for accelerating the fusion of surface data during the optical impression. Proposed method enables high-speed optical impression and accelerates the overall automated production process of dental prosthesis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2016

The incorporation of technological advances in the field of clinical orthodontics to increase treatment efficiency has led to the development of customized appliances (Insignia$^{(R)}$), archwires (Suresmile$^{(R)}$), and the production of devices to enhance tooth movement (Acceledent$^{(R)}$). This review presents a comprehensive study of the literature concerning these products, and analyzes the available evidence of their efficiency. To date, one pilot study has evaluated the efficiency of the Insignia$^{(R)}$ system, three retrospective studies have assessed the efficiency of the Suresmile$^{(R)}$ system, and a few Acceledent$^{(R)}$ reports have described its effect on treatment time. Critical appraisal of the reviewed papers revealed that the efficiency of the Insignia$^{(R)}$ system cannot be confirmed based on the available evidence, while the use of Suresmile$^{(R)}$ can reduce overall treatment time in simple cases. The acceleration of tooth movement by Acceledent$^{(R)}$ devices has not yet been confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1993

The Cu - $Nb_3Sn$ composites wire as a superconducting material was prepared by in situ method as follow: Cu - 15wt.% Nb alloys which were melted in a high -frequency induction furnace and casted in bar were cold-worked up to the final diameter of 0.24 mm, electroplated with Sn, pre-treated in two steps and then diffused at $550{\sim}650^{\circ}C$ for 24 ~ 96 hrs. The overall $J_c$ and $T_c$ of the specimens were measured by the four point-probe method at 10 K in the magnetic field of 0 Tesla. The overall $J_c$ of the composites wire which diffused at $550^{\circ}C$ after pre-treating in two steps were generally higher than those of the wire at either $600^{\circ}C$ or $650^{\circ}C$. For the specimens diffused at $550^{\circ}C$, the overall $J_c$ were increased until 72 hrs. of diffusion time and then decreased. However, in case of diffusion at $600^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$, the overall $J_c$ were gradually decreased from the beginning. The maximum overall $J_c$ obtained in this experiment was $1.3{\times}10^4\;A/cm^2$, which was measured for the specimen diffused at $550^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. When the specimens were diffused at $550^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs, after pre-treating, the measured critical temperature, $T_c$ was 16.19 K. Similar $T_c$ value were obtained in other specimens regardless of diffusion time and temperature.

• BLOOD RESEARCH
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.276-280
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• 2018

Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits profound heterogeneity in its clinical course. Its clinicohematological and cytogenetic features play a significant role in determining the clinical course and in predicting the treatment response and prognosis. In this context, 17p deletion is known to predict a poor prognosis, as these cases are refractory to conventional therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicohematological characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors among CLL patients with and without del 17p in Pakistan. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (Rawalpindi, Pakistan) between January 2013 and December 2017. Patients were diagnosed based on the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia IWCLL criteria, their clinicohematological parameters were recorded, and cytogenetic analyses were performed. The time from diagnosis to treatment and the 2-year overall survival rate were also evaluated. Results We evaluated 130 CLL cases, including 24 patients (18.5%) with del 17p, who included 18 men (75%) and 6 women (25%). The median age was 68 years. Binet stage C was detected at the presentation in 16 patients (67%). Treatment was administered to 14 patients (70%) at a median interval of 11 months (range, 0-28 mo) after diagnosis. The overall response rate was 64.3%, the median event-free survival was 9 months (range, 1-23 mo), and the 2-year overall survival rate was 65%. Conclusion Del 17p is relatively common in Pakistan, and patients harboring this deletion had poor treatment response and survival outcomes.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 1998

Accurate delivery of doses using a high dose rate(HDR) brachytherapy, remote afterloading system(RALS) depends on knowing the strength of the radioactive source at the time of treatment, the precision and consistency of the timer, and the ability of the unit to position the source at the proper dwell location along the applicator. Periodic Quality Assurance(QA) on HDR machines is a part of the standard protocol of any user. The safety of the patient & staff, positional accuracy, temporal accuracy, and dose delivery accuracy are periodically(weekly, quarterly, monthly) estimated using HDR source(Ir-192), treatment planning devices, measurement devices, and overall treatment devices with regard to treatment delivery. The overall measurement results are estimated successfully and assessed its clinical significance. As a result, our HDR brachytherapy units has been very accurate until now. The QA program protocol permits routine clinical use and provides a high confidence level in the accurate operation of HDR units. Therefore, regular QA of HDR brachytherapy is essential for successful treatment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

It was investigated to study the sensory and physicochemical properties of chicken consomme made with different boiling time(1, 2, 3, and 4 hr). The sensory properties were evaluated with respect to both the acceptability (color, smell, mouthfeel, taste, overall acceptability) and intensity characteristics (color, smell, clarify, taste). From the results, the 3hr treatment was most favored for smell, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptability, from the sensory evaluation tests. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis of the sensory evaluation for the treatments, the color and smell showed higher scores by increasing the boiling time. Whereas, in clarify and taste, the 3hr treatment showed the highest values. As for the physicochemical characteristics, the pH was increased with increasing boiling time. The reducing sugars, turbidity and viscosity increased with increasing boiling time. The colorimetric lightness values L decreased, and redness a, yellowness b and color difference values ΔE increased with increasing boiling time. There were 18 free amino acids indentified ； the glutamic acid, alanine, arginine and lysine were high in the free amino acid of the chicken consomme made with different boiling times. There were 3 free sugar indentified, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The free amino acid and free sugars contents increased with increasing boiling time. There were changes in the mineral contents of the chicken consomme made with different boiling time ; with high K, Na, P, Mg, Ca and Fe contents. The mineral contents increased with increasing boiling time. Especially, the 3hr treatments was more highly increased than rest of the treatments in all characteristics. The results showed the chicken consomme made by boiling far 3hr was the most preferably in the sensory and physicochemical quality.