• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2013

Variables affecting bone heath of growing children were analyzed among forty nine 10-12 year old elementary students in three rural regions of north west Chungnam area. Information on age of the parents, duration of breast feeding and birth weight were collected from the guardians of the participants and nutrient intake and diet quality were assessed by average of three-day food records of participants with the help of dietitians. Bone health status was measured by calceneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Results showed that anthropometic indexes and nutrient intake levels were not different between boys and girls. However, iron intake was significantly lower in girls than in boys. Girls after menarche showed lower intake levels for thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and niacin than girls before menarche. z-scores of BMI were lower than -1 and higher than +1 showed shorter breast feeding period than others but the difference was statistically non-significant. Overall, the subjects did not consume enough s of calcium, vitamin C and folic acid. Zinc intake and BMI were the most significant factors affecting BUA by the results of backward elimination in multiple regression models. Phosphorous and beta-carotene intakes showed significant negative relation with BUA. This study showed that children living in the rural area of Chungnam need extra care to keep their health and nutrient intakes especially for the nutrients known to affect growth. Tailored nutrition education needs to be more focused on the improvement of bone health status of children.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2004

This study investigated the interactions of bone health with several variables such as outdoor activity hours, nutritional status including habitual intake of calcium andvitamin D status in 72 high school girls aged 16-17 yearsattending day classes or night classes. The subjects consisted of 39 day-class students and 33 night-class students. Dietaty nutrient intakes were estimated using the 24-hour recall method. The daily activities of each subject were assessed using an activity questionnaire. Urinary calcium and creatinine excretion were assayed from subjects' 24-hoururine, while 25-OH-vitamin D[25-(OH)-D] and osteocalcin were measured from the subjects' fasting blood. Intake of energy, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C were worse in the night-class students. There was no significant difference in dietary calcium between the subjects in the different class types. Time spent on outdoor activities was significantly less in subjects attending night classes. Urinary calcium excretion of the night-class subjects was significantly higher than that of the day-class subjects (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum 25-(OH)-D level according to class type. Serum osteocalcin for night-class subjects was significantly higher than that for day-class subjects (p<0.01). It appeared that the night-class students had poorer dietary habits as well as fewer outdoor activities. Even though the estimated bone health of both groups of subjects appeared to be normal, the overall nutritional intake and duration of outdoor activities appeared to be important for maintaining bone health and lowering the future risk of osteoporosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

To evaluate the effect of feeding methods on growth and zinc nutritional status of infants early in life, we monitored from birth to 36 months in 51 infants who were exclusively fed human milk (HM, n=20), casein-based formula (CBF, n=12), or soy-based formula (SBF, n=19) during the first five months of life. Zinc status was assessed by analyzing serum zinc concentrations and zinc intakes. Zinc contents in HM and formulas were measured. Zinc intake was estimated by weighing infants before and after feeding in the HM group and by collecting formula-intake records in the CBF and SBF groups. After solid foods were introduced, all foods consumed were also included to estimate zinc intake. The growth of infants in all groups was similar to that established for normal Korean infants. Human milk zinc concentrations declined as lactation progressed. Zinc concentrations in all formulas tested in this study were higher than HM and were also higher than those claimed by the manufacturers. During the first twelve months, mean serum zinc concentrations of infants were similar in all groups, although infants in the HM group consistently had the lowest zinc intake among the groups, and the overall zinc intake in infants fed SBF was highest. This finding could be explained by the difference zinc bioavailability of HM and formulas. In conclusion, infants fed HM, CBF or SBF has normal growth up to three years of age, although HM contained the lowest zinc concentration followed by CBF, then SBF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to compare two varieties of Napier grass (Bana Napier grass vs French Cameroon Napier grass) and to determine whether feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG) and milk yield of lactating Friesian cows from fresh cut Bana Napier grass was greater than from French Cameroon Napier grass, using a completely randomized design. Results show that Bana Napier grass had similar percent dry matter (DM), ash and gross energy (GE) to French Cameroon. Bana grass had higher percent crude protein (CP) and lower fiber fractions, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin compared to French Cameroon. Overall the forage quality was marginally higher in Bana Napier grass compared to French Cameroon. The DM and NDF intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (BW) were similar in both Napier grass types. Both grasses had similar digestible DM and energy. Bana had higher digestible CP but lower digestible ADF and NDF than French Cameroon. Bana Napier was not different from French Cameroon when fed as a sole diet to lactating cows in terms of low DM intake, milk yield and a loss of BW and condition. To improve the efficient utilization of both Napier grass varieties, a supplement capable of supplying 1085-1227 g CP/d and 17.0-18.0 Mcal ME/d is required for cows to support moderate gains 0.22 kg/d and 15 kg 4% fat corrected milk/d.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.531-543
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• 2002

To assess the dietary therapy compliance of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients living in Daegu, we evaluated diet adequacy levels by index of nutritional quality (INQ), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and dietary variety score (DVS) with food exchange system and Korean recommended dietary allowances (KRDA). One day dietary intake was measured by 24 hour recall method for 229 subjects over 20 years of age. Average daily energy intake was 1444 kcal. The relative ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat in terms of energy intake was 69.4：14.5：16.0. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for Vitamin A, B$_2$, calcium were lower than 0.5 and MAR was 0.65. It appeared that the consumption of each food group as compared to prescribed food exchange unit was insufficient, in the order of dairy group (10.2 $\pm$ 25.2%), fruits group (58.2 $\pm$ 71.2%) and oils & fats group (42.9 $\pm$ 42.0%). The dietary variety score (DVS) was evaluated as an useful tool for diabetes' meal management when we accept minimum intake as 0.3 of food exchange unit. We found significant correlation between food groups and anthropometric indices: cereals group and % total body fat (r = 0.251, p < 0.01), meat group and waist circumference (r = 0.241, p < 0.01), vegetables group and WHR(r = 0.139, p < 0.05), and oils poop and WHR(r = 0.165, p < 0.05). from these results, we concluded that overall status of dietary intake of NIDDM patients in Daegu area was insufficient not only in quality but also in quantity. It is suggested that nutrition education for NIDDM patients should stress on balanced food consumption to meet proscribed amount by six food group to improve the inadequacy of dietary status.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of nutrient intake and metabolic syndrome between single person households and non-single person households in elderly subjects. We analyzed data from 2,903 subjects ≥ age 65 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013~2015. As a result, single-person households had lower income and economic ability, overall nutrient intake was deteriorated, and the proportion of high-carbohydrate intake was high, compared to non-single person households. After adjusting for potential confounders (sex, age, education, household income, economic activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, walking frequency, health status, depression status, and dietary factors), the single-person household showed a tendency of 1.22-fold higher ORs of metabolic syndrome and 1.3-fold higher ORs of hypertriglyceridemia than the non-single-person household. We suggest that the single-person household may be associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemia in the elderly subjects.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

Objectives: The importance of kimchi as a traditional food in Korean cuisine has gradually decreased due to rapid industrialization, economic growth and changes in dietary patterns in Korea. This study aimed to examine the shifts in kimchi consumption by region and by income level between 2005 and 2015 in Korea. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (2005) and VI (2015) were used in the study (n=15,558). Intake of kimchi was estimated using a single 24-hour dietary recall. The sample weights were applied in all analyses to reflect population estimates. All statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS IBM Statistics 20. Results: Kimchi intake has significantly decreased by 27.6 g/day per capita during the last decade in Korea; 25.0 g for males and 29.9 g for females, respectively. Over the past decade, the decline of kimchi intake has been particularly significant in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Gwangju, while there has been no significant change in males living in rural areas. The consumption of kimchi across all income levels has decreased, however, the decrease was higher in 'middle and low income level'. The amount of kimchi consumption in 2015 was the highest in 'low income level'. The results were similar after adjusting for gender and age. Conclusions: For the past decade, the overall intake of kimchi in Korea has decreased, however, it has been found that the decrease of kimchi intake for males living in the rural areas was not significant. Therefore, in order to keep our traditional kimchi culture and promote a balanced diet including kimchi for Korean, it is necessary to develop more efficient policies and approaches. A variety of dishes using kimchi should be developed, besides merely serving kimchi with rice as a side dish, to increase the consumption of kimchi.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, diversity and prevalence of diseases according to noodle consumption using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2010. Korean adults (>20) were classified into two groups, noodle group (NG) and non-noodle group (NNG). NG was found to have higher intakes of protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and niacin. The DVS and DDS according to noodle consumption were found to be 21.76 and 3.51 for NG, and 18.56 and 3.40 for NNG, this result was thought to show that the diet of NG was more satisfactory than that of NNG in terms of dietary diversity. In the bone mass of entire subjects, NG showed higher figures in the femoral neck and lumbar spine than NNG. For bone mineral density, NG exhibited higher figures in the femoral neck, and for T-scores, the values of NG was significantly higher in the femoral neck than those of NNG. However, the prevalence of osteoporosis of NG and NNG was 11.6% and 9.5%. The prevalence of osteopenia of NG and NNG was 43.0% and 51.7%. Thus, these results showed that overall bone health of NG was better than that of NNG. Dietary balance and quality were also more satisfactory in NG. These results showed that noodle consumption may have an impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data on the prevention of and education about diabetes mellitus for the nutritional management of a diabetes mellitus risk group. The study which took place in Kangbukgu, Seoul, involved a diabetes mellitus risk group (DMR $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, 61), of males and females, aged 36 to 68 years, and a group of healthy people as a control group ( < 110 mg/dL, 183), using luting blood sugar (FBS) levels. The proportion of people in the abnormal range was higher in the DMR than that of control group for total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and creatinine. Particularly with respect to serum protein the proportion in the DMR in abnormal range (p < 0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control group. The proportion in the DMR with a family history of disease was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). Using body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and relative body weight (RBW), the obesity indices in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. Comparing the DMR and the control group with respect to dietary habits, it seems that the DMR had more undesirable dietary habits than the control group. When the intake of each nutrient for the DMR and the control group was compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), the proportion of excess intake and deficient intake in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. The DMR showed a greater undesirable dietary intake pattern as compared to that of the control group, based on the RDA. With respect to the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for quality estimation of the overall flood intake, the DMR showed a feater undesirable pattern than the control group. According to the above results, the DMR tended to have more undesirable eating habits when compared to the control group. Therefore, to provide a more efficient nutritional education program for the DMR we must conduct lurker studies on eating habits, so as to provide systematic nutritional management based on theme differences between the DMR and the control group.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.166-175
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• 2017

Background: This study presents food ingestion standards for radioactivity that can be applied in nuclear emergency exposure situations, and discusses the validity of the current domestic standards. Materials and Methods: This study derived food ingestion standards for radiocesium and radioiodine using domestic food intake rates and intervention levels, which serve as a basis for determining the necessity of public protective actions, and then compared them with the existing guidelines. Operational intervention levels were also derived using domestic food intake rates, and were compared with those of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Results and Discussion: The derived activity concentrations for food ingestion standards of radiocesium for infants were higher than those in the Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency (APPRE) for all food categories, while for adults, the derived activity concentrations for drinking water and milk appeared to be slightly lower. The derived activity concentrations for vegetables, fruits, and grains were greater than those in the guidelines of the APPRE, while the derived activity concentrations for meat and seafood were similar to those in the APPRE. The derived activity concentrations for radioiodine were greater than both domestic and global standards. The calculated operational intervention levels (OILs) based on domestic food intake rates were greater than the IAEA's default OIL6 values for most radionuclides, except for a few ${\alpha}$-radionuclides. Conclusion: The current domestic guidelines turned out to be conservative overall, compared to the present results that were calculated using domestic food intake rates. It is recommended that the domestic guidelines should be revised and complemented transparently through an in-depth review by stakeholders on a solid scientific basis.