• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.952-958
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• 2009

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the ballast water management convention at a diplomatic conference in early 2004 that all ships should be equipped with a treatment system from 2010 gradually. In this paper, the disinfection characteristic of ultra-violet (UV) rays was studied and a ballast water treatment system (BWTS) which can treat $50m^3$/h sea water was manufactured. The system consists of a disinfection chamber with six 3.5 kW UV lamps which are operated by magnetic ballasts, a programmable logic controller (PLC) and set of pipe lines. The biological disinfection efficacy of the prototype BWTS was evaluated following the IMO rules using zooplankton such as Artemia and Rotifer species for the size over $50{\mu}m$, and phytoplankton such as Tetraselmis and Thalassiosira species for the size between 10 to $50{\mu}m$. From the experimental results, the disinfection efficacy was 99.99 % that meets the IMO requirement. However, more studies on an energy saving system are needed because the consumption power of the prototype system is as high as over 21 kWh for $50m^3$/h.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2006

Objective : Microvascular decompression[MVD] at root exit zone[REZ] of the facial nerve has been largely popularized and it has become the standard treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm[HFS]. This sturdy is performed to evaluate the efficacy of MVD over the course of time. Methods : From 1994 to 2003, 50 patients with HFS who underwent MVD were followed up for more than 6 months. We retrospectively analyzed results with medical records and telephone researches. Results : The mean age of patients at the time operation was 57.6 years and 84% of the patients were female. The mean duration of follow-up after operation was 3.4 years [range $0.5{\sim}7.8\;years$]. One day after MVD, 54% of patients had complete relief of spasm immediately. Continuous improvements of HFS were observed during the follow-up period and these improvements were statistically significant with time (P< 0.05). Until 6 months after operation, complete relief of spasm was observed in 84% of patients. The delayed relief of spasm was observed in 35.7% of our patients who experienced complete relief. Conclusion : The efficacy of MVD in HFS is improves with time. Continuous follow-up evaluations for the duration of more than at least 6 months after MVD are important for the decision of its clinical results because delayed relief of spasms occurs.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.435-443
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• 2005

Purpose: This study investigated the degree of fatigue of hemodialysis patients, and finds the relationship between fatigue and self-efficacy, family support, and sleep factor. Also, this study was purposed to provide fundamental data to help set up a nursing plan and intervention for recovery and mitigation of hemodialysis patient's fatigue. Method: The subjects in this study were patients treated as hemodialysis patients in Kwangjoo City. Data, subjects are 143 patients. Fatigue was measured using Lee's scale(1991), Self-efficacy using Kim's scale(1995), and Family support using Kim's scale(1993). For the analysis of collected data, Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression were used for statistical analysis by SPSSwin(version 11.0) program. Result: Fatigue degree of hemodialysis patients averaged 4.22. Among 143 hemodialysis patients, 70.63% patients answered that they had felt fatigue as noted in this study. The weariest time was after hemodialysis for 21.0% patients. There was significant difference according to the diagnosis period. The patients who were diagnosed over one year had felt more fatigue than ones who were diagnosed within one year. Fatigue was significantly associated with self-efficacy, family support, and sleep factor. Self-efficacy could explain 14.6% of fatigue. Conclusion: The fatigue degree relates with all, self-efficacy, family support, and sleep factor. Especially, it is affected by self-efficacy among them. Thus, the program should be developed to mitigate fatigue as the self-efficacy of hemodialysis is enhanced.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

Over 5lm/W white luminous efficacy was obtained by 11" color test panel with narrowed discharge electrodes combined with high Xe partial pressure. By using optical spectroscopic methods, it was suggested that the electron heating efficiency is the most significant to improve the plasma efficiency in our experimental conditions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Pasaekhwalhyeol-Tang on acute headache from acute cerebral infarct. Methods : Pasaekhwalhyeol-Tang was prescribed to 15 acute cerebral infarct patients for two weeks. Symptoms were checked and VAS(Visual Analog Scale) scores were kept every week. Results : After prescription of Pasaekhwalhyeol-Tang, VAS scores on headache and accompanying symptoms decreased. No significant changes were shown in laboratory findings. As for the laboratory findings, ALT showed an upward tendency within a week and increased over normal values in two cases(13%). But two weeks later, ALT decreased within normal values. And the mean serum level was within normal values and the other hepatic enzymes did not increase over normal values in either week nor week 2. Conclusions : Results suggest that Pasaekhwalhyeol-Tang is effective in reducing the severity of acute headache from acute cerebral infarct.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine effects of a cardiocerebrovascular disease (CVD) prevention education program on knowledge, self-efficacy and health behavior among postmenopausal middle-aged women. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 53 postmenopausal middle-aged women who registered in two community culture centers in G metropolitan city. Experimental group (n=26) received a CVD prevention education program 8 times over 8 weeks. Knowledge, self-efficacy and health behavior of the participants were examined with self-report structured questionaries. Data were collected between October 15 and December 11, 2013, and were analyzed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance with SPSS/PC version 21.0. Results: After the intervention the experimental group showed significant increases in the knowledge of CVD symptoms (p<.001) and CVD risk factors (p<.001), level of self-efficacy (p=.028) and health behavior (p<.001) compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was found between groups for knowledge of CVD prevention (p<.133). Conclusion: Results suggest that a CVD prevention education program can be an effective strategy to improve knowledge on CVD symptoms and risk factors, self-efficacy and health behavior for postmenopausal middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify effects of the Empowering A Self-Efficacy (EASE) program on self-efficacy, self-management, and child attitude toward illness in children with epilepsy. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 10 to 15 year old children with epilepsy (11 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group) who were registered at one hospital in S city. The experimental group received the EASE program for 3 weeks. In the first week, a group meeting lasting 570 minutes was conducted on a single day. Over the next two weeks, telephone counselling was conducted twice a week. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results: There was a significant difference of pre-post evaluation of the epilepsy self-management scores in the experimental group. However, differences between the experimental group and the control group for seizure self-efficacy and child attitude toward illness were not significant. Conclusion: This is the first study in Korea to develop and evaluate an intervention program for children with epilepsy. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of the EASE program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise (TCE) on depression, quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: A nonequivalent control-group pre and posttest design was used. Of the 30 participants 15 were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The experimental group participated in 8 weeks of TCE which included one day of exercise with instructor on site and 3 days of self-exercise at home guided by a videotape. Results: The 8 weeks of TCE were found to be significantly effective in enhancing quality of life and self-efficacy. However there was no significant difference in the level of depression. Conclusion: These results suggest that TCE has positive effect on quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with PD. Research over an extended period with the TCE intervention is recommended to identify further effects.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2008

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to identify correlations among elder image, self-efficacy and burden among family caregivers caring for elders with chronic disease. Methods: A total of 187 primary family caregivers caring for frail elders over 65 years of age participated in this study. The data were collected using the Elder Image Scale (EIS), the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and the Burden Scale (BS). Correlational analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between EIS, SES, and BS. Results: EIS scores and SES scores were correlated at r=-.188(p=.010), indicating a significant negative relationship between elder image and self-efficacy. SES scores were negatively correlated with the BS scores (r=-.328, p=.000). EIS scores were correlated significantly with BS scores (r=.298, p=.000). Conclusion: These findings support the assertion that perceptions of elders and belief about caregivers themselves are associated with burden.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.403-414
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of constraint-induced (CI) movement using self-efficacy on U/E function of chronic hemiplegic patients. CI movement discourages the use of the unaffected U/E, combined with intensive training of the affected U/E. Method: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Study subjects were 40 hemiplegic patients conveniently selected from 2 different community health centers. The experimental subjects participated in the CI movement program for 6 hours daily over a period of two weeks. The exercises for affected U/E consisted of warming up, main exercise and ADL practice. To encourage the participants' behaviors self-efficacy enhancing strategies were used, which included performance accomplishment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and emotional arousal. Result: After 2 weeks of treatment, the grip power, pinch power, wrist flexion/extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder flexion/extension were significantly higher in the experimental subjects than in the control subjects. However, there was no significant difference in hand functions of the two groups. Conclusion: The above results show that the constraint-induced movement using self-efficacy could be an effective nursing intervention for improving U/E function of chronic hemiplegic patients. Long term studies are needed to determine the lasting effects of constraint-induced movement.