• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-100
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• 1985

A observation of the ovarian development and oogenesis of Pieris rapae Linne has been carried out during metamorphosis using stereo-microscope, light microscope and electron microscope. The results obtained through this experiment are as follows: 1. The ovarian development and vitellogenesis begin at the 3-day old pupa and the 6-day old pupa respectively, and the adult ovary right after their emergence contains a few mature eggs. 2. The species described above are further observed at six different stages in oogenesis, and the results are summarized as follows. 1) Pieris rapae has polytrophic ovarioles. The cell organelles of the nurse cells are transfered to the oocyte through the ring canal at the early oogenesis. 2) At stage 2, the nuclear envelope of oocyte nucleus is less infolding than that of nurse cell nucleus. In the oocyte cytoplasm a large number of ribosomes are observed. 3) At stage 3 and 4, many micropinocytotic vesicles are observed in the oocyte cytoplasm. These vesicles are fused together to form large proteid yolks. 4) At stage 5, the vitelline membrane is laid down in the intercellular space between the follicle cells and oocyte. 5) At stage 6, the chorion is formed by the follicle cells. 6) A micropyle and a number of aeropyle are observed on the surface of a mature egg.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2017

Granulosa cells, which surround the oocyte within the ovarian follicle, play an essential role in creating conditions required for the development of oocytes and follicles. The solute carrier family (SLC) is comprised of influx transporters of steroidal hormones, various drugs, and several other substrates. The differential expression of selected DEGs was confirmed using in situ hybridization analysis. SLC23A3 and SLC39A10 were highly expressed in the ovary. The SLC39A10 gene was expressed in the primordial follicle stage, but SLC23A3 was expressed in the growing follicle stage. Contrastingly, the expression of SLC23A3 was increased in granulosa cells at the growing follicle stage. The differential expressions of SLC23A3 and SLC39A10 between the primordial and primary follicles were additionally confirmed by using follicle isolations. The gene expression profile from the present study may provide insight for future studies on the mechanism(s) involved in primordial-primary follicular transition and suggestions to promote follicular development in ovarian dysfunction.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1985

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of unilateral ovariectomy on the weight of the remaining ovary, the change of number of ovarian follicle, number of corpus luteum and serum progesterone level. Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats, 23$\pm$2 days old, were divided into 2 groups (control and unilaterally ovariectomized goup) with 30 heads per groups. Each group was again subdivided into 6 groups according to 6 experimental periods; Day 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 after uniteral ovariectomy. Five arts at every 4 day intervals were sacrificed for the measuring of ovarian weight and for quantitative histologic examination of ovary and at the same time, blood samples were taken for the determination of serum progesterone level of radioimmunoassy. The results obtained were as follows: During the experimental periods, a significant hypertrophy occured in the remaining ovary of unilaterally ovariectomized group from day 16 after operation. The average ovarian weight of control group at day 16 was 21.0$\pm$1.7mg, which is samller than that of unilaterally ovariectomized group weighing 50.5$\pm$8.4mg(P<0.01). The ovarian weight of the unilaterally ovariectomized rats at day 20 and day 24 was 75.9$\pm$2.2 mg and 63.3$\pm$7.0 mg, which is heavier than those of control group; 29.1$\pm$2.3 and 26.3$\pm$1.7 mg(P<0.01 and P<0.01). 2. A same degree of ovarian follicle development was observed in the unilaterally ovariectomized group. Following unilateral ovariectomy and there was no change in total number of follicles larger than 130$\mu$ during the period from day 4 till day 24 after operation. 3. Although the size fo ovarian follicle did not significantly change between two groups from day 4 till day 16, the size of vesicular follicle in unilaterally ovariectomized group (406.3$\pm$26.2$\mu$) was significantly greater as compared to that of control group (323.8$\pm$19.3$\mu$)(P<0.05). 4. Corpus luteum in unilaterally ovariectomized and control group began to a, pp.ar from day 16 after operation and then the number of corpus luteum slightly increased. The number of corpus luteum in unilaterally ovariectomized group at day 24 ws remarkably increased (13.7$\pm$1.41) than that of control (5.2$\pm$2.01)(P<0.01). 5. Serum progesterone levels in unilaterally ovariectomized group were slightly higher than those of control but there were no significant difference between treatment groups.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2011

SOHLH2 is a novel germ cell-specific transcription factor that is crucial for folliculogenesis in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testis. SOHLH2 represents a candidate gene for infertility with premature ovarian failure. We analyzed whether mutations in the SOHLH2 gene in 98 Korean women with premature ovarian failure. The sequence analysis identified six novel SNPs (c.431-41G>C, c.656A>T, c.1000+27C>T, c.1000+33G>T, c1258-106G>A, and c.2094+ 11T>C) from Korean patients with premature ovarian failure. The c.656A>T found in exon 7 results in change of an amino acid, tyrosine to phenylalanine. Functional mutations in SOHLH2 gene are rare in Korean women with premature ovarian failure.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Purpose: We performed this study to evaluate the clinical presentation as well as the proper surgical intervention for ovarian metastasis from gastric cancers and these tumors were identified during postoperative follow-up. This will help establish the optimal strategy for improving the survival of patients with this entity. Materials and Methods: 22 patients (3.2%) with ovarian metastasis were noted when performing a retrospective chart review of (693) females patients who had undergone a resection for gastric cancer between 1981 and 2008. The covariates used for the survival analysis were the patient age at the time of ovarian relapse, the size of the tumor, the initial TNM stage of the gastric cancer, the interval to metastasis and the presence of gross residual disease after treatment for Krukenberg tumor. The cumulative survival curves for the patient groups were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and they were compared by means of the Log-Rank test. Results: The average age of the patients was 48.6 years (range: 24 to 78 years) and the average survival time of the 22 patients was 18.8 months (the estimated 3-year survival rate was 15.8%) with a range of 2 to 59 months after the diagnosis of Krukenberg tumor. The survival rate for patients without gross residual disease was longer than that of the patients with gross residual disease (P=0.0003). In contrast, patient age, the size of ovarian tumor, the initial stage of gastric adenocarcinoma, the interval to metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy were not prognostic indicators for survival after the development of ovarian metastasis. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and complete resection are the only possible hope to improve survival. As the 3-year survival rate after resection of Krukenberg tumor is 15.8%, it seems worthwhile to consider performing tumorectomy as the second cytoreduction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4199-4202
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of our study is to compare an ovarian malignancy prediction model based on age and four sonographic findings (OMPS1) with a new model called OMPS2 which differs just by adding serum CA125 measurement to (OMPS1). Methods: In a cross sectional comparative study OMPS1 was validated in 830 operated ovarian masses within a 3 years period (2006-2009). Logistic regression analysis was used to construct OMPS2 based on OMPS1 adding serum CA125 findings. The area under the curve for two models was compared in 411 patients. Results: OMPS2 was calculated as follows: OMPS1 + 1.444 (if serum CA125= 36-200) or 3.842 (if serum CA125 is more than 200). AUC of OMPS2 was increased to 84.3% (CI 95% 78.1- 89.8) in comparison to OMPS1 with AUC of 78.1% (CI 95% 71.8-84.5). Conclusion: Our second model is more accurate in prediction of ovarian malignancy, compared with our first model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3295-3300
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• 2016

Background: Different types of cancer exhibit abnormalities in cell cycle regulators. The murine double minute-2(MDM2) cell cycle regulator is a proto-oncogene that negatively regulates the P53 tumour suppressor gene. Surface epithelial tumours constitute approximately two thirds of ovarian neoplasms. Each histologic type can be classified as benign, borderline and malignant. This study aimed to examine immunohistochemical expression of the MDM2 protein in ovarian serous and mucinous epithelial tumours (benign, borderline and malignant). Materials and Methods: This study included forty five ovarian tumours, subdivided into fifteen cystadenomas (5 serous and 10 mucinous), fifteen borderline tumours (11 serous and 4 mucinous) and fifteen cystadenocarcinomas (9 serous and 6 mucinous). Paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic study, and with mouse monoclonal anti-MDM2 antibody for immunohistochemistry. Results: MDM2 positivity was detected in 28.9% of the studied ovarian tumours. All benign tumours were negative and positivity was significantly higher in malignant than borderline tumours (P value of chi-square test =0.000). Significantly, all MDM2 positive mucinous tumours were malignant with no positive mucinous borderline tumours. Malignant tumours showed positive MDM2 expression in 83.3% of mucinous type and in 55.6% of serous type. Borderline serous tumours showed negative MDM2 in 72.7% of cases (P value of Z test =0.04). Conclusions: Alterations in the expression of the cell cycle regulator (MDM2) occur early in the process of tumourigenesis in serous and mucinous ovarian tumours. We suggest that MDM2 may be used in those tumours as a marker for risk stratification and identification of cases with cancer development and progression. We recommend further studies on MDM2 immunohistochemistry, in conjunction with adjuvant methods as DNA ploidy and FISH gene amplification, focusing on the mucinous tumours and differentiating between the three tumour categories, benign, borderline and malignant.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2020

Aquaporin channels (AQPs) are known to play an important role in the development of ovarian follicles through their function in water transport pathways. Compared to other AQPs, research on the role of AQP4 in female reproductive physiology, particularly in cattle, remains limited. In our previous study, gene chip microarray data showed a downregulation of AQP4 in bovine cystic follicles. This study was performed to validate the AQP4 expression level at the protein level in bovine follicles using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation assays. Immunostaining data showed that AQP4 was expressed in granulosa and theca cells of bovine ovarian follicles. The ovarian follicles were classified according to size as small (< 10 mm) or large (> 25 mm) in diameter. Consistent with earlier microarray data, semi-quantitative PCR data showed a decrease in AQP4 mRNA expression in large follicles. Western blot analysis showed a downregulation of the AQP4 protein in large follicles. In addition, AQP4 was immunoprecipitated and blotted with anti-AQP4 antibody in small and large follicles. Accordingly, AQP4 exhibited a low expression in large follicles. These results show that AQP4 is downregulated in bovine ovarian large follicles, suggesting that the downregulation of AQP4 expression may interfere with follicular water transport, leading to bovine follicular cysts.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

Carboplatin, an advanced anticancer drug with excellent efficacy against ovarian cancer, was developed to alleviate the side effects that often occur with cisplatin and other platinum-based compounds. Our study reports the in vitro characteristics, viability, and activity of cells expressing the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene after carboplatin was conjugated with polysuccinimide (PSI) and administered in combination with other widely used anticancer drugs. PSI, which has promising properties as a drug delivery material, could provide a platform for prolonging carboplatin release, regulating its dosage, and improving its side effects. The iNOS gene has been shown to play an important role in both cancer cell survival and inhibition. Herein, we synthesized a PSI-carboplatin conjugate to create a modified anticancer agent and confirmed its successful conjugation. To ensure its solubility in water, we further modified the structure of the PSI-carboplatin conjugate with 2-aminoethanol groups. To validate its biological characteristics, the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 and normal ovarian Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with the PSI-carboplatin conjugate alone and in combination with paclitaxel and topotecan, both of which are used in conventional chemotherapy. Notably, PSI-carboplatin conjugation can be used to predict changes in the genes involved in cancer growth and inhibition. In conclusion, combination treatment with the newly synthesized polymer-carboplatin conjugate and paclitaxel displayed anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cells but was not toxic to normal ovarian cancer cells, resulting in the development of an effective candidate anticancer drug without severe side effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency and quality of in vitro embryo production in Korean Native Cows (KNC). We examined the effects of ovarian morphologies (Experiment 1) and the culture vessel (Experiment 2) on in vitro maturation (IVM). We measured the subsequent development rates and cell numbers of blastocysts. In Experiment 1, the ovaries of KNC were divided into six groups, based on follicle and corpus luteum (CL) morphology. The development rates to the 2- and 8-cell stages were similar among the six groups. The development rates to blastocyst stages were significantly higher in the group without a CL or follicle (WOCL/F) than in the groups with follicular cysts (FCs), regressive CLs (RCLs) or cystic CLs (CCLs) (p<0.05). The cell number of the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts in the FCs and RCLs groups, and the number of cells in the trophectoderm (TE) in the WOCL/F group, FCs, growing CLs (GCLs) and RCLs were significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.05). The total cell number (TCN) in the WOCL/F, FC and RCL groups was also significantly higher than in other groups (p<0.05). The ICM cell number/TCN ratio was significantly higher in the FC and RCL groups than in the GCL and DF groups (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, oocyte IVM was carried out in culture dishes, in 0.25- or 0.5-ml straws used for freezing sperm. The development rate to the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in the 0.5-ml straw group than in the 0.25-ml straw group. The development rates to the blastocyst stage were similar in the dish and the two straw groups. There were no differences in the cell numbers of ICM, TE or TCN or ICM cell number/TCN ratios between groups.