• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.397-405
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• 2012

Installation of deck has been on the rise in Korea recently, but there is little of research on the safety of deck. One of the major factors affecting maneuverability of a pedestrian is frictional force between an outsole of shoe and a surface of the deck. The frictional force is influenced by many factors such as raw material variance of deck, surface convex shape of deck, outsole patterns of shoes, and moist condition of contact surface between deck and shoes. This study focused on evaluating the effect of these factors on the frictional force. Two kinds of deck, which were made of natural wood and wood plastic composite, were used in this study. The surface convex patterns of deck were classified to single nonslip (longitudinal groove processing) and double nonslip (longitudinal and transverse groove processing). Two kinds of shoe outsole patterns, W-shape and rectangle-shape, were used in the tests. Also, the friction tests were carried out at dried surface conditions and water-adsorbed surface condition.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.643-648
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• 2004

Most of shoes manufacturing processes are not yet automated, which puts restrictions on the increase of productivity. Among them, adhesive application processes particularly are holding the most workers and working hours. In addition, its working conditions are very poor due to the toxicity of adhesive agents. In case of automating adhesive application processes by using robots, the robot teaching by playback is difficult to produce high productivity because the kinds of shoes to be taught mount up to several thousands. Therefore, it is essential to generate the robot working paths automatically according to the kind, the size, and the right and left of shoes, and also to teach them to the robot automatically. This study deals with automated adhesive spraying to shoe outsoles and uppers by using a robot, and develops the program to generate three-dimensional robot working paths off-line based on CAD data. First, the three-dimensional data of an outsole outline or an upper profiling line are extracted from the two-dimensional CAD drawing file or the three-dimensional scanner. Next, based on the extracted data and the nozzle conditions for adhesive spraying, a robot working path is generated automatically. This research work is the core in automating adhesive spraying processes, and will do much for increasing productivity of shoes manufacturing.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2011

Blends were prepared by mixing BR, SBR and NBR to CIIR, which is used for outsole, at various mixing ratio, and effect of the mixing ratio on abrasion resistance and coefficient of friction was analyzed. CIIR interferes the crystalline formation of BR in BR/CIIR blends and this could be one of the factors that rapidly decreases abrasion resistance of BR/CIIR blends. $Tan{\delta}$ peak area of CIIR/BR blends decreased as the amount of BR present in the blends increased, and similarly, the coefficient of friction tended to decrease. Stress relaxation rate and rebound resilience of CIIR/BR blends decreased with increasing BR content, and it was presumed that their rebound resilience was affected by stress relaxation rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.913-920
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• 2012

An efficient 3D finite element walking model that considers the detailed shapes of muscles, ligaments, bones, skin, and soles was developed based on a real computed tomography (CT) scan image of a foot, and nonlinear contact analyses were performed to investigate pressure changes. The highest pressure occurs at the rear bottom of the foot when standing and walking. The pressure on the outsole with a curved foot bottom surface is lessened and distributed over a wider area than in the case of a flat outsole. The result shows that a shoe sole shape optimized for diabetes patients can relieve the foot pressure concentration and prevent further worsening of symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.7 s.172
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• pp.122-129
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• 2005

Shoe with leather upper such as safety and golf shoe requires a roughing process where the upper is roughed fur helping outsole to be cemented well. It is an important and basic process for production of leather shoe but is not automated yet. Thus, there are problems that the defect rate is high and the quality of roughed surface is not uniform. In order to solve such problems, the interest in automation of roughing process is being increased and this paper introduces CAM system for 5-axis automatic roughing machine as one part of automation of roughing process. The CAM system developed interpolates a B-spline curve using points measured from the Roughing Path Measurement System. The B-spline curve is used to generate the tool path and orientation data fer a roughing tool which has not only stiffness but also flexibility to rough the inclined surface efficiently. For productivity, the upper of shoe is machined by side of the roughing tool and tool offset is applied to the roughing tool for machining of inclined surface. The generated NC code was applied to 5-axis polishing machine for the test. The upper of shoe was roughed well along the roughing path data from CAM and the roughed surface was proper fur cementing of the outsole.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2013

The main objective of this study is to improve abrasion resistance and wet slip resistance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by blending with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) or polybutadiene rubber (BR) for the application of the footwear outsole materials. With addition of 10 wt% of EPDM or BR, TPU/EPDM and TPU/BR blends exhibited higher NBS abrasion resistance, tensile properties and wet slip resistance than TPU. However, with further increasing content of EPDM and BR, abrasion resistance and tensile properties of the blends decreased. Improvement in abrasion resistance and tensile properties with 10 wt% of addition of EPDM or BR may be due to better microphase separation of TPU.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.106.2-106
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• 2002

$\textbullet$ Contents 1. Introduction $\textbullet$ Contents 2. System Configuration $\textbullet$ Contents 3. Robot Kinematics $\textbullet$ Contents 4. Shoe outsole shape display program and creating data $\textbullet$ Contents 5. Conclusions

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2013

This paper introduced a new preparation method of a composite rubber by mixing BR (butadiene rubber) and CIIR (chloro-isobutyl rubber) for the purpose of improving frictional property of BR. Since BR has high abrasion and low frictional properties, its frictional property needs to be enhanced in order to be used as an outsole of a sport shoe. Such enhancement was difficult to achieve by simple blending of CIIR. In here, CIIR was added into BR matrix after CIIR was pre-crosslinked for a time period, and both high frictional and high abrasion resistance properties were achieved. Our experiments showed that the composite rubber blend of 60% of BR and 40% of pre-crosslinked CIIR had desired BR's frictional and abrasion resistance properties for sport shoes.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.115-119
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of independent suspension technology(IST) of hiking boot on the stability and load of foot, eight participants performed medial and lateral drop landing from 33.4cm height and 85cm distance to uneven surface while wearing normal & IST hiking boots. For the stability of foot during the drop landing, the balance angle & suspension angle and rearfoot angle was analyzed using high-speed video analysis. Also kinetic analysis using the force plate and insole pressure measurement was conducted to analyze vertical & breaking ground reaction force and pressure distribution. Not only the balance angle & suspension angle but also rearfoot angle was improved with IST boots for lateral drop landing. These results indicate the IST boots may have the suspension function which keeps the foot to be stable during landing. However the IST boots did not show any effect for medial landing. This might be related to the hardness of medial part of outsole. Therefore the softer outsole of medial part could be recommended. Furthermore the impact force & breaking force and insole pressure were reduced with IST boot. These results means that IST boot has not only cushioning effect but also good grip effect. Therefore the hiking boots applied the independent suspension function may help to reduce fatigue and prevent injury such as ankle sprain in hiking on uneven surface.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

Walking shoes for walking and jogging have been used to enjoy lots of leisure time. Functional shoes such as walking shoes have special functions to improve body motility by changing of shoe shapes. The walking shoes could improve the motility by structural transformation of outsole as increase degrees of heel and toe. The study on insoles has not been conducted enough on the contrary of the study of outsole. The purpose of this study is to perform ergonomics analysis whether the Arch Supported insoles have an improving effect of muscle activities or not. Experiments were performed with 6 subjects who are health and haven't experienced any diseases past. EMG(Electromyography) and Foot Pressures were measured repeatedly for 5 seconds at 0 hour, after 1 hour and after 2 hours of walking. Insoles used for experiment are normal insole, insole inserted Arch Support and pad. The electrodes for EMG measurement were set on waist (erector spinae), and thigh (vastus lateralis), calf (gastrocnemius). Evaluations of EMG were analyzed by shift of MF (Median Frequency) and MPF (Mean Power Frequency). Foot Pressure was analyzed by mean pressure of feet and change of walking time. As results, Arch Support insole had larger frequency shift value than that of normal insole. Frequency shift between Arch Support insoles and normal insole showed significant difference on 95% confidence interval. And insole 1 has the highest value of frequency shift. For results of foot pressure, Arch Support insoles show continuous decreasing tendency when comparing with normal insoles by changing of times. Also, insole 1 has the highest decreasing value of foot pressure. Therefore, this study presented that the Arch Support insole can promote muscle activities and improves comfort for a prolonged walking.