• Title/Summary/Keyword: outdoor

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Designing an Outdoor Linear LED Luminaire with Gore-Tex Filters

  • Woo-young Kim;Seong-Kweon Kim
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 2024
  • We introduce a novel outdoor linear LED luminaire enhanced with Gore-Tex filters, designed to overcome the challenges of moisture and thermal management in harsh environments. This luminaire integrates expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-commercially known as Gore-Tex-achieving superior waterproofing and dustproof qualities while maintaining breathability to prevent internal condensation. The design process, from conceptualization through prototyping and testing, is detailed, highlighting the luminaire's improved durability and stability under varying conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that our design significantly extends the operational lifespan and reliability of outdoor LED lighting systems by mitigating thermal and moisture-related degradation. This study not only advances ePTFE's application in lighting technologies but also offers a scalable model for enhancing the performance of LED luminaires in outdoor settings.

A Case Study on the Children's Play Behaviors and Outdoor's Environment of Child Care Center in Seoul (실외놀이터 환경과 아동의 놀이행동에 관한 사례연구)

  • Choi, Mock-Wha;Byun, Hea-Ryung
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.91-102
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors. The data were collected by this study included field measurement survey, and non-participatory observation from 8 child care centers in Seoul. The field measurement survey were conducted from February 20 to March 20, 2005, whereas non-participatory behavior observation were conducted from June 15 to July 10, 2005. The major results showed the following. 1) Most of child care centers were too small, did not use the adequate surfacing to play various activities, and were made of play equipment setting. 2) Child's play behavior focused on functional play activity and construction play activity. 3) The relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors showed that small outside play environment with monotonous construction of play setting produced functional play behaviors on children. However, in some cases, despite the small and monotonous play area, diverse play behaviors were observed. These playgrounds at least differed from others in that they provided the place where multi purpose play was possible. This finding shows that multi purpose play areas can be an alternative in small playground environment.

A Case Study on the Children's Play Behaviors and Outdoor's Environment of Child Care Center in Seoul (실외놀이터 환경과 아동의 놀이행동에 관한 사례연구;서울지역 어린이집을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Mock-Wha;Byun, Hea-Ryung
    • Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.432-437
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors. The data were collected by this study include field measurement survey, and non-participatory observation from 8 child care centers in Seoul. The field measurement survey were conducted from February 20 to March 20, 2005, whereas non-participatory behavior observation were conducted from June 15 to July 10, 2005. The major results showed the following. 1)Most of child care centers were too small, did not use the adequate surfacing to play various activities, and were made of play equipment setting. 2)Child's play behavior focused on functional play activity and construction play activity. 3)The relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors showed that small outside play environment with monotonous construction of play setting produced functional play behaviors on children. However, in some cases, despite the small and monotonous play area, diverse play behaviors were observed. These playgrounds at least differed from others in that they provided the place where multi purpose play was possible. This finding shows that multi purpose play areas can be an alternative in small playground environment.

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A Study on the Evaluation of Landscape Elements in Outdoor Space at University Campus (대학캠퍼스 외부공간 경관요소 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ick-Hwan;Kim, Cheon-Il
    • The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.58-67
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    • 2013
  • This study is to analyze the satisfaction and the image evaluation of landscape elements in outdoor space by types of the university campus. The results are as follows. 1) Out of outdoor elements at university campus, planting area, resting area, access road, and water feature are recognized as major landscape elements. Among them, planting area and access roads are evaluated low in terms of satisfaction levels, therefore, improvement on these elements are required. 2) In outdoor space image evaluation, university campus has image such as 'simple', 'clear', and 'safe'. By scale of universities, both 'A' university, which is the biggest in terms of size of campus, and 'B' university, which has a medium sized campus, have a positive image. However, 'C' university, which is the smallest in terms of size of campus, has a passive and negative image. 3) 6 factors are extracted through Factor Analysis for image evaluation. All of the universities show positive image in the categories of 'clarity' and 'familiarity', however, 'B' university and 'C' university show negative image in the category of 'scale'. 4) In Correlation Analysis between landscape elements satisfaction level and image evaluation, it is showed that the group of landscape facility becomes a relation factor of overall image evaluation. As a result, the higher satisfaction level goes, the better image evaluation of overall outdoor space at university campus is.

Construction of Indoor and Outdoor Spatial Information Integration Service System based on Vector Model

  • Kim, Jun Hyun;Kwon, Kee Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.185-196
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    • 2018
  • In order to overcome the problem that outdoor and indoor spatial information service are separately utilized, an integration service system of spatial information that is linked from outdoor to indoor has been implemented. As a result of the study, "0001.xml" corresponding to the file index key value, which is the service connection information in the building information of the destination, was extracted from the prototype verification of the system, the search word of 'Kim AB' was transmitted to the indoor map server and converted from the outdoor map service to the indoor map service through confirmation of the navigation service connected information, using service linkage information and search words of the indoor map service was confirmed that the route was displayed from the entrance of the building to the destination in the building through the linkage search DB (Database) table and the search query. Therefore, through this study was examined the possibility of linking indoor and outdoor DB through vector spatial information integration service system. The indoor map and the map engine were implemented based on the same vector map format as the outdoor map engine, it was confirmed that the connectivity of the map engine can be applied.

Evaluation of Floor Heating Performance and Design Criteria for Operating an Outdoor Swimming Pool During Winter : A Case Study (동절기 옥외 수영장 시설의 운영을 위한 바닥난방 성능평가 및 설계기준에 관한 사례연구)

  • Cho, Jinkyun;Woo, Kyunghun;Kim, Jin-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2017
  • This study aimed to analyze the deck floor heating system of an outdoor swimming pool in terms of the thermal capacity/output and the surface temperature distribution based on the outdoor temperature, to design for anti-freezing during winter. Through the transient heat transfer simulation with PHYSIBEL and theoretical equations, the surface temperature distribution of the floor heating system at two outdoor conditions in Jeju, were calculated and evaluated. The results indicate that the specific thermal output required for maintaining $4^{\circ}C$ surface temperature at the design outdoor temperature of $0.1^{\circ}C$, was about $90W/m^2$. This performance analysis can be applied for future design criteria, including optimizations of system capacity and size.

A Study on the Occurrence Characteristics of Usage Pattern in Outdoor Spaces inside High-Rise Apartment Housing Estates (고층아파트 단지 외부공간의 이용행태 발생특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kwak, Youn-Chung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.1872-1879
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    • 2012
  • By analyzing the use of outdoor space in apartment complex and finding empirical proof which is concrete and systemic, this study focuses on the relationship between residents' daily lives and physical space. This study tries to find out the types and characteristics of outdoor space which causes the occurrence of residents' use in High-Rise apartment housing Estates, and analyzes the residents' usage pattern of outdoor space in eight different apartment complexes which were builted since 2004. After analyzing the usage pattern of outdoor space, the usage of playground was ranked highest and playing, talking, exercising, resting was in order. Especially it was found that the usage inside semi-public space where passing is abundant increases.

A Study on Outdoor Behavior and Satisfaction of Children by the Physical Character of Outdoor Space of Housing Area in Daegu (I. 주거지 외부공간의 물리적 특성에 따른 아동의 외부활동 행태 및 만족도에 관한 연구 - 대구광역시 택지개발지구를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Myo-Jung;Kim, Soo-Young
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.169-178
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to provide the guidelines for housing area that consider the children's outdoor behavior. This study was complemented the limit of study method of the previous studies limiting the subject to play space in APT. So, this study was progressed the analyzation of physical characters of outdoor spaces, the observation of children's activities behavior, and the survey of children's opinion and satisfaction. Especially, 2 objective housing areas of this study were selected the deferent areas. The deferents were the structure of street, the location shape of parks, and the physical characters(accessibility, network etc.). Finally, founding on the result of this study, the 7 guidelines of housing area for children were presented : play space, park & green space, space of around the education facilities, space of around the commercial facilities, street space, square, and parking lot. This study have means that expand the objective range and use the variety study methods.

Numerical Analysis on Energy Consumption of an Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Type Outdoor Air Conditioning System for Semiconductor Manufacturing Clean Rooms (반도체 클린룸용 배기 열회수식 외기공조시스템의 에너지소비 수치해석)

  • Song, Gen-Soo;Yoo, Kyung-Hoon;Kim, Hyoung-Tae
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.1306-1311
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    • 2009
  • In recent semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, in order to improve clean room air quality, air washers are used to remove airborne gaseous contaminants such as $NH_3$, SOx and organic gases from the outdoor air introduced into clean room. Meanwhile, there is a large amount of exhaust air from a clean room. From an energy conservation point of view, heat recovery is therefore useful for reducing the outdoor air conditioning load for a clean room. Therefore it is desirable to recover heat from the exhaust air and use it to reheat the outdoor air. In the present study, numerical analysis and experiment was conducted to simulate the amount of energy reduction of exhaust air heat recovery type air washer system. The present numerical results showed good agreement with the results of the experimental data.

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Microenvironmental Exposures To Volatile Organic Compounds (미규모 환경에서의 휘발성 유기화합물 노출)

  • Jo, Wan-Kuen;Gang, Kwi-Wha;Woo, Hyung-Taek;Park, Jong-Kil
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.4 no.5
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    • pp.61-61
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    • 1995
  • Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.