• 수완나부미
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-85
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• 2018

The debates continue on the conceptualization of Southeast Asia and the ways in which those of us who are concerned to attempt scholarly interventions in the region define, conceive, understand and engage with it. But, in an important sense, the region has now been defined for us by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and whatever academic researchers might wish to impose on Southeast Asia in regard to their priorities and interests, it may make little difference. Given the politically-derived, nation-state definition of Southeast Asia, are all our problems of regional definition resolved? In some respects, they have been. ASEAN has constructed and institutionalized a regional organization and an associated regional culture. But in certain fields of research we still require academic flexibility. We cannot always be confined by an ASEAN-derived regional definition. The paper will explore other configurations of 'region' and its sub-divisions and propose, that in the spirit of academic freedom, we can continue to generate imaginative depictions of Southeast Asia and its constituents both within and beyond the region.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Purpose - This study deals with a strategic plan for meeting the value added criteria effectively, which is one of the methods of determining origin used in preferential trade such as FTA. Automobile products, one of the major Korean export items, were selected to give a practical use against the FTA requirements. Design/methodology - This study is based on the value-added criteria of the Korea-US and Korea-EU FTAs that apply various value-added criteria. The Korea-US FTA adopts the RVC method based on the integration, deduction and net cost methods, while the MC method is employed in the Korea-EU FTA. The methodology used in this work is an extended literature review, analysis of the value-added criteria applied to automobile products under Korea-US and Korea-EU FTA with some secondary statistics. Findings - Based on in - depth analysis of the value - added criteria requirements for automobile products stipulated in the Korea - US FTA and the Korea - EU FTA, two strategic considerations are suggested. First is 'appropriate value-added strategy' and the second is 'strategy of changing production and trade structure'. The second strategy is a bit used in Korea but this is not considered best if the first strategy is ignored or forgotten. The second one is meaningful when this becomes inevitable. Research limitations/implications - This study is primarily designed to assist Korean auto mobile industry players exporting to EU and USA but this may help to auto part or material producers in FTA counter party territories being EU or USA as the preferential tariffs are applied on a inter region basis. A further research other than auto mobiles using other major FTAs might be followed later. Originality/value - There has been so far little research on strategic factors to meet the value-added origin requirements. This study, therefore, is expected to contribute facilitating the decision of FTA origin and to improve the utilization of FTA by allowing exporting companies using value added criterion to more smoothly meet origin requirements. This will also enable the tax authorities to utilize the value-added criterion to validate effectively the origin of imports where preferential tariffs are applied.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2022

소프트웨어 산업은 과학기술과 ICT를 통한 융합, 신시장 창출 및 고용창출이 가능한 산업으로 매우 빠르게 성장하고 있는 대표적인 지식산업이면서 21세기 지식정보화 시대의 기간산업이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 투입산출분석을 적용하여 한국과 미국의 소프트웨어 산업의 경제적 파급효과를 도출하고, 이러한 결과를 이산화탄소 유발효과와 비교해서 해당 산업이 저탄소발전 기조에 부합하는 지를 검증해보고자 한다. 분석결과 첫째, 한국과 미국의 소프트웨어 산업 모두 생산유발효과가 유의미한 수준으로 국가 경제에 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미국의 소프트웨어 산업은 전방연쇄효과가 높아 타 산업에 중간재로서 큰 역할을 하고 있지만, 한국의 소프트웨어 산업은 해당 효과가 낮아 타 산업의 생산과정에 큰 영향력을 미치지 못하는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 소프트웨어산업의 이산화탄소유발효과는 한국과 미국 모두 낮은 수준으로 도출되어, 소프트웨어 산업은 지속가능한 미래를 위해 육성하기 적합하고, 저탄소 국가발전기조에 적합한 산업임을 확인하였다.

• 한국기술사회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술사회 1992년도 제22회 한일기술사 합동 Symposium자료
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• pp.124-128
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• 1992

The Russian Far East Region covers an area of 6 Million and 216 thousands km2 and it is as vast as 36% of the Russan Federation on one hand. And this region also exists in a very severe climate condition as 90% of the region is covered with permanently frozen land on the other. This vast region has many of the world's richest natural resources : woods, fish, non-metals, energy resources, and other. The Russian Far East Region is prompts to participate in the world economy, specifically Asian and other Parcific Natiops along with the recent changes in the national structure of Russia. Although the transition to market economy and foreign investment in Russia is not sufficient, the time has come for us to actively promote technological exchanges with Korean and Russian Far East Region which are of our prosopective neighboring countries and seek for mutural relationships with us.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

The use of therapeutic ultrasound(US) in humans with malignant neoplasms has been contraindicated in physical therapy practice. Some studies have shown that results after application of US differ according to tumor type and penetration depth. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of US on melanoma in mice and to determine treatment dosage. Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice, age 8 weeks. The right flank of all mice was shaved, and a 0.1 ml suspension of cells was injected subcutaneously into the animals' right flank. In this study, 24 subjects were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group 1(n=8), experimental group 2(n=8), control group(n=8). In the experimental group 1, animals received continuous 3 MHZ US treatment, administered at $2.0W/cm^2$ for five minutes. In experimental group 2, animals received continuous 3 MHz US treatment, administered at $1.0W/cm^2$ for 5 minutes. The control group received the same handling as other experimental groups, including rodent chow, water, US gel application but US head pressure without the power turned on. After 10 days treatment, all mice were killed with a potassium solution. Tumors were excised and weighed on an electrical balance and fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Tumor weights were smaller in experimental group 2(0.3838 g) than in the control group(0.6275 g). Tumor weights of the experimental group 1(0.015 g) were smaller than those of experimental group 2. Continuous therapeutic US decreased the weight of subcutaneous melanoma tumors in mice. The treatment dosage($2.0W/cm^2$) we suggest was more effective than earlier studies on decreasing tumor size with ultrasound.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.866-877
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• 2022

Objective: The optimal imaging approach for evaluating pathological nipple discharge remains unclear. We investigated the value of adding ductography to ultrasound (US) for evaluating pathologic nipple discharge in patients with negative mammography findings. Materials and Methods: From July 2003 to December 2018, 101 women (mean age, 46.3 ± 12.2 years; range, 23-75 years) with pathologic nipple discharge were evaluated using pre-ductography (initial) US, ductography, and post-ductography US. The imaging findings were reviewed retrospectively. The standard reference was surgery (70 patients) or > 2 years of follow-up with US (31 patients). The diagnostic performances of initial US, ductography, and post-ductography US for detecting malignancy were compared using the McNemar's test or a generalized estimating equation. Results: In total, 47 papillomas, 30 other benign lesions, seven high-risk lesions, and 17 malignant lesions were identified as underlying causes of pathologic nipple discharge. Only eight of the 17 malignancies were detected on the initial US, while the remaining nine malignancies were detected by ductography. Among the nine malignancies detected by ductography, eight were detected on post-ductography US and could be localized for US-guided intervention. The sensitivities of ductography (94.1% [16/17]) and post-ductography US (94.1% [16/17]) were significantly higher than those of initial US (47.1% [8/17]; p = 0.027 and 0.013, respectively). The negative predictive value of post-ductography US (96.9% [31/32]) was significantly higher than that of the initial US (83.3% [45/54]; p = 0.006). Specificity was significantly higher for initial US than for ductography and post-ductography US (p = 0.001 for all). Conclusion: The combined use of ductography and US has a high sensitivity for detecting malignancy in patients with pathologic nipple discharge and negative mammography. Ductography findings enable lesion localization on second-look post-ductography US, thus facilitating the selection of optimal treatment plans.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.165-191
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• 2023

미국과 EU는 우크라이나 사태에 대응하여 러시아의 에너지 부문을 대상으로 제재하고 있다. 특히 대러 경제제재는 러시아의 석유가스 부문에 대한 에너지 제재의 성격을 가지고 있다. 미국과 EU는 모두 제재 부과국이지만, 미국은 천연가스 순수출국인 반면, 대부분의 EU 회원국들은 러시아에 대한 의존도가 높다는 근본적인 차이점이 존재한다. 따라서 미국과 EU의 대러 에너지 제재는 미국을 포함한 기타 석유가스 수출국들이 EU 에너지 시장에서 러시아를 대체할 공급을 확보할 수 있는 경우에 그 효과성이 보장될 수 있다. 즉, 주요 석유가스 수출국들의 러시아 대체 가능성은 대러 에너지 제재의 효과성을 좌우하는 중요한 결정 요인이다. 본 연구는 석유가스 수출국들의 러시아 대체 가능성 평가를 통해 대러 에너지 제재의 효과성을 살펴본다. 본 연구의 분석 결과, 대부분의 석유가스 수출국들의 추가 생산 역량과 인프라 부족 문제로 인해 단기에 러시아를 대체하는 석유가스의 확보는 어려울 것으로 평가되며, 이에따라 미국과 EU의 대러 에너지 제재는 그 효과성이 불분명한 것으로 판단된다. 우크라이나 사태의 해결을 위해서는 직접적인 제재보다 외교 등 다른 수단이 활용되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2012

This paper aims at investigating and identifying the factor that has led the back and forth relationship between China and the United States since 1989. Previous studies on this subject addressed the issue by taking either of two approaches: one with the micro view that interprets the back and forth relationship in the context of the end of the Cold war, on other hand, with the macro view that interprets the fragile relationship in the context of the rise of China. However, neither of the approaches explains with sufficiency the question at hand. Hence for the inquiry, this article suggests a fresh view by exploring alternative method of using a cognitive map of each nation's leader, Jiangzemin and Bill Clinton. This article provides an empirical analysis through the Selected works of Jiangzemin and the speeches of Bill Clinton in 1998 for the first time in the field of Sino-US relationship studies in Korea. With the results of the cognitive map analysis, we can reach the following four points. Firstly, indicators of the forth relationship between China and the US are: i) the recognition by Bill Clinton on the importance of China's economic growth and; ii) the US's cooperation of science technology with China. Second, the conflict between China and the US results from the discordance of opinions on the matter of human rights and military power. Second, the conflict will inevitably arise on environmental issues around the globe including a global warming. Third, while China has yet to find a legitimate reason to agree upon these issues with the US, the US urges China of its cooperation. Lastly, Both China and the US attach great importance to the alliance with Japan. This implicates that relatively, issues involving Japan take more control in the China-US relationship, than those of Korea Peninsula.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

Purpose: Early sexual intercourse is associated with poor health outcomes in adolescents. It is known that sexual intercourse coincides with other health risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and using drugs. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between sexual intercourse and health risk behaviors among Korean and US adolescents using nationally representative data. Methods: Data were collected from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (29,676 students) and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (10,135 high school students). Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: In Korea, students who had sexual intercourse accounted for 7.0% in total. Among these, 9.7% were male and 4.2% were female students. In the US, a total of 51.3% students had sexual intercourse, and the proportion of the US male (49.3%) and female (53.4%) students who had sexual intercourse was similar. Korean and US students who experienced sexual intercourse were more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, and use drugs. Conclusion: Since the results of this study show the relationships between sexual intercourse and health risk behaviors, it is necessary to develop comprehensive sex education programs with effective strategies to reduce health risk behaviors in adolescents.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2008

목적 : 순차적인 뇌초음파 검사 후 신생아 중환자실을 퇴원하는 고위험 환아에서 시행한 자기 공명 영상의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 총 121명의 신생아에서 시행한 412 초음파와 121 자기공명 영상을 후향적으로 분석하여 초음파 검사에서 발견된 뇌병변과 자기 공명영상에서 발견된 병변을 비교하였다. 뇌병변은 배아기질 출혈 및 뇌실 내 출혈, 그 밖의 여러 출혈과 뇌실질 손상을 중심으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 총 242개의 측뇌실 중 30뇌실의 배아기질 출혈 (GMH)을 초음파로 진단하였고 자기공명영상으로 7개의 GMH를 추가로 진단할 수 있었으며 46개 뇌실의 출혈 (IVH)을 추가로 진단하였다. 출혈의 1/2/3/4 등급은 초음파에서 각각 24/8/13/0 뇌실에서 진단하였고 자기공명영상에서 3/49/10/2 뇌실에서 진단하였다. 그 외에 자기공명영상에서 대뇌 출혈 (4예), 소뇌 출혈(4예), 경막하 및 지주막하 출혈 (8예), 미만성 백질 신호강도 변화 (72예), 조직손실이 없는 작은 실질 병변 (4예), 뇌연화증 (2예), 그리고 뇌실확장 (5예)이 추가로 발견되었다. 결론 : 자기공명영상은 초음파 검사 후 두개강내 출혈과 뇌실질 손상을 추가적으로 진단하는 유용한 검사였으며 특히 뇌실 출혈과 백질 손상의 진단에 우수한 반면 배아기질 출혈은 초음파 추적검사가 더 유용할 것으로 생각한다.