• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2010

1. 나트륨은 세포외액의 유효삼투압을 형성하는 가장 중요한 용질이며, 수분 밸런스의 이상은 혈중 삼투압의 변화와 혈중 나트륨농도의 이상(hyponatremia, hypernatremia)으로 발현된다. 2. 수분의 출입의 조절에 의하여 체액의 농도변화에 대처하는 과정을 수분 밸런스(water balance) 혹은 수분 대사(water metabolism)라 하며, 세포외 액량 특히 유효혈장량의 변화에 대처하여 체내 총 나트륨량의 출입을 조절하는 과정을 나트륨 밸런스($Na^+$ balance) 혹은 나트륨 대사($Na^+$ metabolism)라 하고 그 차이점을 정리하면 Table 1과 같다. 3. 수분 밸런스의 가장 중요한 두가지 요소는 갈증반응에 의한 수분섭취와 항이뇨호르몬(AVP)에 의한 소변으로의 수분 배출이며, AVP의 분비의 강력한 자극은 삼투압의 변화와 유효혈장량의 변화이다. 4. 나트륨 밸런스는 나트륨 섭취욕구에 의해서는 큰 영향을 받지 못하며, 주로 신장에 의한 염분배출조절에 의하며 이루어지고, 사구체 여과율과 알도스테론 분비가 신장의 나트륨 배설량을 결정하는 가장 중요한 인자이다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2012

Solution of glycerol, ethylene glycol, sucrose, dextrose (GESD) and cryotop methods were carried out to investigate the survivability on vitrification of embryos. Embryos cultured in vitro were vitrified by GESD of 10 or 8 step and cryotop methods of 6 step, from cryopreservation step to frozen-thawed and culture step. Survival rate and ICM, TE cells of embryos were investigated after frozen-thawed 24 h. As a results, cryotop method was significantly (p<0.05) higher ($85.76{\pm}5.3$ vs. $66.71{\pm}2.4$, $44.80{\pm}2.1%$) than GESD 10 or 8 step methods on survivability. Also, In ICM cell number, cryotop method was significantly (p<0.05) higher to $45.67{\pm}4.7$ cells than GESD 8 step method. TE cell number was significantly (p<0.05) highest to $111.00{\pm}11.0$ cells in cryotop method. On the other hand, survival rate, TE and total cell number were all the significantly (p<0.05) high, except ICM in GESD 10 step method between GESD 10 step method and GESD 8 step method. In conclusion cryotop method was to be most effective, but it is considered necessary to study vitrification method for step-by-step freezing and thawing process.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2006

The ark shell (or 'blood clam') Scapharca broughtonii is a filter-feeding bivalve that has red blood and inhabits waters approximately 10m in depth off the southern coast of South Korea. This study was part of a larger research project investigating the causes of death and restoration of shellfish resources, which are important aquaculture products in South Korea. We examined physiological responses related to survival, respiration, excretion, and amino acid changes as a result of changes in salinity. The 9-day median lethal salinity ($LS_{50}$) was 16.5 psu with confidence limits of 14.9-18.1 psu. At $25^{\circ}C$, the oxygen consumption and ammonia-nitrogen excretion rates were increased with decreases in salinity. Although the osmolality of individuals was acclimated within 2 h at 26.4 psu and 12 h at 19.8 psu, it took more than 5 days at a salinity of 13.2 psu, whereas no individuals acclimated and all died at a salinity of 6.6 psu. Of the amino acids present in the blood, taurine and alanine increased in response to decreased salinity. Tissues of the gill and the mid-gut gland were affected by decreasing salinity. These data will provide important fundamental information for examining the causes of mass mortality of shellfish in the summer.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

연근의 에탄올 추출물이 과당 유도 고혈압 백서의 신장 기능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 뇨량과 전해질 배설량, 혈장의 creatinine, creatinine 청소율, 자유-수분 재흡수량 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 연근은 과당 유도 고혈압 백서에서 나타나는 전해질 배설량의 변화를 개선시키는 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고 단지 삼투질 농도의 배설량에만 약간의 개선 효과를 보였다. 신장의 가장 중요한 기능중 하나는 여과 기능이고 이를 나타내는 지표는 사구체 여과율인데, 고혈압 백서에서 혈장내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였고, creatinie 청소율이 크게 억제되었으나 연근추출물 투여 후 사구체 여과율의 감소가 회복되었다. 그러므로 연근은 과당으로 유도된 고혈압 흰쥐의 사구체 여과율을 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

We examined the effects of the vibration stress on cortisol secretion and hematological characteristics in soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. For the stressed group vibration of $45{\sim}78 dB(V)$ from electric vibrator applied for 30 min with 2-h intervals during daytime ($08:00{\sim}18:00$) up to 28 days. Using the blood samples collected from ten turtles held once a week after vibration stress, we measured hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolality, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^－$, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The results have showed that P. sinensis received vibration stress exhibit the 'typical' stress-induced physiological responses (cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolality, ions, hematocrit and hemoglobin) induced by vibration stress. Our data suggested that chronic vibration stress caused substantial stress in the animal, and in particular, the persisting elevated levels of AST and ALT would be highly correlated with the adverse effects of the stress. The high hematological characteristics during entire experimental period showed that the P. sinensis could not adapt to chronic stimuli provoked by vibration stress.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2021

This study was carried out to identify an effective method to acclimate low-salinity (4 psu) bred Litopenaeus vannamei (mean body weight 16±3.3 g) to sea water. The fast acclimation group (FA) was directly exposed to filtered sea water (32 psu) while the slow acclimation group (SA) was exposed to a slow increase in salinity. Shrimps were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for plasma analyses. The plasma components between experimental groups did not show significant differences. The hemolymph osmolality (HO) in FA increased significantly after 1 h (P<0.05), while in SA it started to increase slowly only at 24 h and reached a similar level to that of FA at 48 h. The levels of Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions were significantly different between the two treatments (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Ca²⁺ ion levels. We found that the different methods of acclimation of L. vannamei to sea water do not affect the plasma components significantly, but lead to changes in the HO and ion levels, it is considerable to acclimate gradually for at least two days.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2017

급격한 수온의 변화는 어류의 생리학적인 측면에서 스트레스를 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)로부터 각 수온별(9, 12, 15, 18 및 21℃) 조건에 따라 24 및 48시간 동안 노출시킨 후에, 혈액생리학적 분석, 스트레스 단백질로 알려진 Hsp70 mRNA 발현 및 산소 소비량을 조사하였다. 혈액학적 분석에서 hematocrit (Ht) 및 hemoglobin (Hb), 혈장 코티졸 및 글루코스의 변화, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 및 alanine aminotransferase (ALT), NH₃, 삼투질농도(osmolality) 및 총단백질(total protein, TP)은 9℃ 및 12℃에서 다른 수온별 실험구에 비해 대부분의 항목에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. Hsp70 mRNA 발현은 9℃ 및 12℃에서 다른 실험구에 비해 높은 발현량을 확인하였고, 산소소비량은 9℃ 및 12℃에서 21℃에 비해 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 넙치 종자의 장거리 수송을 위한 수온자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.85-102
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• 2023

Background: Ecophysiological characteristics of Rosa rugosa were analyzed under different environmental factors from May to October 2022. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, leaf water content (LWC), osmolality, carbohydrate content, and total ion content were measured to compare the physiological characteristics of R. rugosa at two study sites (i.e., in large pots and in the Goraebul coastal sand dune area). Results: When R. rugosa was exposed to high temperatures, photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and stomatal conductance (g_s) in both experiment areas declined. In addition, severe photoinhibition occurs when R. rugosa is continuously exposed to high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and because of this, relatively low Y(II) (i.e., the quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II [PSII]) and high Y(NO) (i.e., the quantum yield of non-regulated, non-photochemical energy loss in PSII) in the R. rugosa of the pot were observed. As the high Y(NPQ) (i.e., the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII) of R. rugosa in the coastal sand dune, they dissipated the excessed photon energy through the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanism when they were exposed to relatively low PAR and low temperature. Rosa rugosa in the coastal sand dune has higher chlorophyll a and carotenoid content. The high chlorophyll a + b and low chlorophyll a/b ratios seemed to optimize light absorption in response to low PAR. High carotenoid content played an important role in NPQ. As a part of the osmotic regulation in response to low LWCs, R. rugosa exposed to high temperatures and continuously high PAR used soluble carbohydrates and ions to maintain high osmolality. Conclusions: We found that F_v/F_m was lower in the potted plants than in the coastal sand dune plants, indicating the vulnerability of R. rugosa to high temperatures and PAR levels. We expect that the suitable habitat range for R. rugosa will shrink and move to north under climate change conditions.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2024

Purpose: The ability to concentrate urine becomes an important index in determining nocturnal enuresis (NE) treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate first-morning urine osmolality (Uosm) changes at the end of treatment compared to before treatment in children with NE. Methods: A total of 71 children with NE were divided into two groups according to the level of first-morning Uosm before treatment: high group (≥800 mOsm/kg) and low group (<800 mOsm/kg). Baseline parameters were obtained from uroflowmetry, frequency volume charts for at least 2 days, and a questionnaire for lower urinary tract symptoms. All patients were basically treated with standard urotherapy and medication. The first-morning Uosm was measured twice, before treatment and at the end of treatment. Results: The response rate was higher in the low group after 3 months of treatment than in the high group (P=0.041). However, there was no difference between the two groups at the end of the treatment. In the high group, the first-morning Uosm at the end of treatment did not show a significant change compared to before treatment. In contrast, the first-morning Uosm increased in the low group at the end of treatment (P<0.001). However, it was still lower than that of the high group (P=0.007). Conclusions: The ability to concentrate nocturnal urine improved at the end of treatment compared to before treatment in the low Uosm NE children. In addition, NE improved faster in the low Uosm group before treatment than in the high group.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2003

활어수송전의 가두기와 활어수송 스트레스에 대한 넙치의 생리학적 반응을 조사하고자, 수송전후의 채혈시각에 따라 3그룹으로 나누어 실험하였다. 실험어류로 양식장에서 사육중인 넙치 성어(839.6$\pm$ 162.7 g, 넙치대)와 유어(98.2$\pm$14.8 g, 넙치소)를 이용하였다. 수송은 제주에서 부산까지 15시간 실시하였다. 넙치대의 cortisol농도는 수송 3시간전 4.2 ng/ml로부터 A그룹은 3시간 가두기후 92.0 ng/ml, 수송중 118.5 ng/ml, 수송직후 105.5 ng/ml로 차이를 나타냈다. B그룹은 3시간 가두기후 47.5 ng/ml, 수송직후 53.5 ng/ml로 높아졌다. C그룹은 수송중 43.5 ng/ml로부터 수송직후 71.5 ng/ml로 더욱 높아졌다. 넙치대치 glucose 농도는 수송 3시간전 39.5 mg/dl로부터 A그룹은 3시간 가두기후 121.0 mg/dl, 수송중 298.0 mg/dl, 수송직후 260.5 mg/dl로 높아졌다. Lactic acid농도는 넙치대에서 수송 3시간전 0.6 mmol/L로부터 수송직후에 A, B 및 C의 모든 그룹에서 0.9~12.0 mmol/L로 높아진 반면, 넙치소에서는 수송 3시간전 1.0 mmol/L로부터 수송직후까지 0.6~1.5 mmol/L로 낮았다. 넙치대의 삼투질 농도는 수송 3시간전 405.5 mOsm/kg으로부터 A그룹은 496.0~526.0 mOsm/kg, B그룹은 479.0~524.5 mOsm/kg, C그룹은 520.5~529.0 mOsm/kg으로 높아졌다. 결론적으로, 가두기 및 수송각업은 넙치의 혈장 cortisol, glucose, 삼투질 농도, ALT, hematocrit, 적혈구수 및 hemoglobin에 영향을 미쳤으며, 넙치소의 스트레스 반응은 넙치대 보다 적게 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 가두기와 활어수송시 혈액내 cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, 삼투질 농도 및 혈액의 일반성상에 대한 기준치를 제시함으로써, 넙치의 생산성 향상과 가자미류의 생리연구에 활용될 것이다.