• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2000

This paper deals with a study to improve the performance of Moving Coil type Linear Oscillatory Actuator (MC-LOA) considering unbalanced magnetic circuit. MC-LOA has an unbalanced magnetic circuit due to its asymmetric structure. In this type of LOA, the airgap flux density tends to have different magnitude along mover's displacement and the current directions. The above property causes eccentric of displacement center and interferes with the proper oscillation of LOA. Therefore, this paper presents two models having the unbalanced magnetic circuit and the other balanced by the saturated core. In order to compare the characteristics between the two models, a characteristic analysis for both the basic model and the improved model is performed by their dynamic analysis composed of kinetic and electric equations and Finite Element Method (FEM). The propriety of the improved model is verified through the experimental results.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2007

The rheological behaviors and morphologies of polylactide (PLA) and chemically modified plasticized starch (CMPS) blends were investigated. For this study, oscillatory shear flow measurements of the PLA, CMPS and their blends were performed. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was also conducted on the extracted extrudates of the blends. The morphology of the blend changed in relation to the composition: sphere-shaped CMPS disperse/continuous PLA, rod-like deformed CMPS phase/continuous PLA, a co-continuous structure with bridged CMPS long rods and PLA dispersed/continuous CMPS. The composition of the phase inversion could be estimated and closely coincided from the observed morphology experimental results. The rheological behavior of the blends, from oscillatory measurements, was found to vary in relation to the composition, and reflected the morphologies of the blends. PLA showed Newtonian flow behavior, while CMPS showed strong shear thinning behavior. The relationships between the morphology and rheological properties were observed in detail.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

전력품질 문제를 해결할 때 직류전기아크로의 선인장치고서 높은 역률을 갖는 컨버터가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 계통전압의 각 주기에서 커패시터와 인덕터의 공진회로가 부하변수에 따라서 직렬연결상태에서 병력연결상태로, 혹은 그 반대로 전환하면서 고역율을 유지하는 50(60)Hz 교류에서 직류로 변환하는 공진형컨버터가 묘사된다. 직렬연결과 병렬연결의 기간과 변환비는 부하에 따라서 결정되면 병력 공진회로는 단락회로를 제한한다. 이 공진형컨버터는 무부하에서 단락회로의 범위까지 높은 역률을 가지며 아크로에 전원공급을 하는 장치로 매우 적당하다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1205-1214
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• 1999

A new quadrilateral plane stress element is developed for efficient and accurate analysis of thermal stress problems. It is convenient to use the same mesh and the same shape functions for thermal analysis and stress analysis. But, because of the inconsistency between deformation related strain field and thermal strain field, oscillatory responses and considerable errors in stresses are resulted in. To avoid undesired oscillations, strain approximation is enhanced by supplementing several assumed strain terms based on the variational principle. Thermal deformation is incorporated into the generalized mixed variational principle for displacement, strain and stress fields, and basic equations for the modified enhanced assumed strain method are derived. For the stress approximation of bilinear elements, the $5{\beta}$ version of Pian and Sumihara is adopted. The numerical results for several problems show that the present element behaves well and reduces oscillatory responses. it also results in almost the same magnitude of error as compared with the quadratic element.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.245-248
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• 2002

Vortex lock-on or resonance in the flow behind a circular cylinder is visualized by a time-resolved PIV when a single frequency oscillation is superimposed on the mean incident velocity. Measurements are made of the $K{\'{a}}rm{\'{a}}n$ vortices in the wake-transition regime at the Reynolds number 360. Basically, natural shedding state is observed to compare with lock-on state. Wake motion by the change of the shedding frequency of lock-on state is investigated. When lock-on occurs, the vortex shedding frequency is found to be half the oscillation frequency as expected from previous experiments. The physical flow phenomena of natural shedding and lock-on states are analyzed with physical parameters of recirculation and vortex formation region. Consequently, it is found that the change of wake bubble plays an important role in the flow at the lock-on state. Vortex formation region is also actively changed like recirculation region as the lock-on occurs. Therefore, it is deduced that the recirculation region is closely related with the vortex formation region.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.585-590
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• 2001

The hemodynamic characteristics were compared using commercial CFD code for the stenosed coronary and abdominal arteries. Numerical calculations were carried out in the axisymmetric arteries over the stenotic diameter ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.875 (6 cases) employing the typical physiological flow conditions. In case of the coronary artery, there was only one recirculation zone observed distal to the stenosis throat during the major portion of the period. However, in case of the abdominal aorta, there were complex recirculation regions found proximal and distal to stenosis throat. For both models, the wall shear stresses(WSS) increased sharply in the converging stenosis, reaching a peak just upstream of the throat, and became negative or low values in the post-stenotic recirculation region. As the results, the oscillatory shear index(OSI) was abruptly increased at the stenosis throat. For the coronary stenosis model, the second peak in the OSI was observed distal to the stenosis. The distance between the first peak and the second peak was increased as the degree of the stenosis was raised. On the orther hand, the abdominal stenosis model showed a complex oscillatory behavior in the OSI index and did not showed such a strong second peak. As the degree of stenosis was increased, recirculation regions of the both arteries were extended much longer and flow pattern became more complex.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2005

We report the oscillation of the Josephson vortex-flow resistance in the rectangular stacks of $Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+x}$(Bi-2212) intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs). Apiece of Bi-2212 single crystal containing a few tens of IJJs was sandwiched between two gold electrodes and fabricated into a rectangular shape with the typical lateral size of about $1.5{\times}10\;{\mu}m^2$, using e-beam lithography and focused ion-beam etching techniques. In a tesla-range magnetic field applied in parallel with the junction planes, the oscillation of the Josephson vortex flow resistance was observed at temperatures near 60 K. The oscillation results from the interplay between the triangular Josephson vortex lattice and the potential barrier at the boundary of a single crystal. The oscillatory magnetoresistance for different bias currents, external magnetic fields, and the tilt-angles provides useful information on the dynamics of the coupled Josephson-vortex lattice system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.820-829
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• 2004

The In-Containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST), one of the design improvements applied to the APR -1400, has a function to condense the high enthalpy fluid discharged from the Reactor Coolant System (RCS). The condensation of discharged fluid by the tank water drives the tank temperature high and causes oscillatory condensation. Also if the tank cooling water temperature approaches the saturated state, the steam bubble may escape from the water uncondensed. These oscillatory condensation and bubble escape would burden the undue load to the tank structure, pressurize the tank, and degrade its intended function. For these reasons simple analytical modeling and experimental works were performed in order to predict exact tank temperature distribution and to find the effective cooling method to keep the tank temperature below the bubble escape limit (93.3$^{\circ}C$), which was experimentally proven by other researchers. Both the analytical model and experimental results show that the temperature distributions are horizontally stratified. Particularly, the hot liquid produced by the condensation around the sparger holes goes up straight like a thermal plume. Also, the momentum of the discharged fluid is not so strong to interrupt this horizontal thermal stratification significantly. Therefore the layout and shape of sparger is not so important as long as the location of the sparger hole is sufficiently close to the bottom of the tank. Finally, for the effective tank cooling it is recommended that the locations of the discharge and intake lines of the cooling system be cautiously selected considering the temperature distribution, the water level change, and the cooling effectiveness.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.456-466
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• 1994

Experimental investigation was made to study the mechanism of fluid and thermal oscillation phenomena of surface-tension driven flow in a cylindrical liquid column heated from above which is the low-gravity floating zone simulated on earth. Hexadecane, octadecane, silicon oil (10cs), FC-40 and water are used as the test liquids. The onset of the oscillatory thermocapillary convection appears when Marangoni number exceeds its criteria value and is found to be due to the coupling among velocity and temperature field with the free surface deformation. The frequency of temperature oscillation decreases with increasing aspect ratio for a given diameter and Marangoni number and the oscillation level increases with Marangoni number. The flow pattern in the liquid column appears either as symmetric or asymmetric 3-D flow due to the oscillatory flow in the azimuthal direction. The free surface deformation also occurs either as symmetric or asymmetric mode and its frequency is consistent with those of flow and temperature oscillations. The amplitude of surface deformation also increases with Marangoni number.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.610-614
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• 2007

Dynamic rheological properties of honeys with invert sugar at different mixing ratios of honey and invert sugar (10/0, 812, and 6/4 ratios) were evaluated at various low temperatures (-15, -10, -5, and $0^{\circ}C$) using a controlled stress rheometer for small-deformation oscillatory measurements. Honey-invert sugar mixtures displayed a liquid-like behavior, with loss modulus (G") predominating over storage modulus (G') (G">>G'), showing the high dependence on frequency (${\omega}$). The magnitudes of G' and G" increased with a decrease in temperature while their predominant increases were noticed at -10 and $-15^{\circ}C$. The greater tan ${\delta}$ values were found at higher temperature and ratio of honey to invert sugar, indicating that the honey samples at subzero temperatures become more viscous with increased ratio of honey to invert sugar and temperature. The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was used to bring G" values at various temperatures together into a single master curve. The TTS principle was suitable for the honey samples in the liquid-like state. The progress of viscous property (G") was also described well by the Arrhenius equation with high determination coefficients ($R^2=0.99$). Dynamic rheological properties of honey samples seem to be greatly influenced by the addition of invert sugar.