• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.127-137
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• 2018

Recently, UAVs and Drones have been used for various applications. In particular, in the field of surveying, there are studies on the technology for monitoring the terrain based on the high resolution image data obtained by using the UAV-equipped digital camera or various sensors, or for generating high resolution orthoimage, DSM, and DEM. In this study, we analyzed the accuracy of GCP(Ground control point) matching using UAV and VRS-GPS. First, we used VRS-GPS to pre-empt the ground reference point, and then imaged at a base altitude of 150m using UAV. To obtain DSM and orthographic images of 646 images, RMSE was analyzed using pix4d mapper version As a result, even if the number of GCP matches is more than five, the error range of the national basic map(scale : 1/5,000) production work regulations is observed, and it is judged that the digital map revision and gauging work can be utilized sufficiently.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.117-127
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• 2018

The author tried to propose the orthographic and DTM (digital terrain model) creation and evaluate the accuracy for an university campus using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) system. Most previous studies used GPS-based data, but in this paper, the observations of triangulation level measurements was used for comparison of accuracy. Accuracy analysis results showed that the operational requirements for aerial photographic standards are satisfied in all scenaries. The author confirmed availability in aviation photo measurements and applications using UAV (Drone). In order to create a sophisticated DTM and contour, we need to eliminate interference from building, trees, and artificial objects. The results of this study are expected to be used as the basis for future studies in the creation of DTM and the accuracy assessments using Drone.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.50-59
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• 1997

In this paper, we implement an automatic speech segmentation and labeling system which marks phone boundaries automatically for constructing the Korean speech database. We specify and implement the system based on conventional speech segmentation and labeling techniques, and also develop the graphic user interface(GUI) on Hangul $Motif^{TM}$ environment for the users to examine the automatic alignment boundaries and to refine them easily. The developed system is applied to 16kHz sampled speech, and the labeling unit is composed of 46 phoneme-like units(PLUs) and silence. The system uses both of the phonetic and orthographic transcription as input methods of linguistic information. For pattern-matching method, hidden Markov models(HMM) is employed. Each phoneme model is trained using the manually segmented 445 phonetically balanced word (PBW) database. In order to evaluate the performance of the system, we test it using another database consisting of sentence-type speech. According to our experiment, 74.7% of phoneme boundaries are within 20ms of the true boundary and 92.8% are within 40ms.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.851-861
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• 1998

Korean language is to be characterized by the rich vocal sound variation. In order to increase the probability of vocal sound recognition and to provide a natural vocal sound synthesis, a systematic and thorough research into the characteristics of Korean language including its vocal sound changing rules is required. This paper addresses an effective way of vocal sound recognition and synthesis by providing the design and implementation of the Korean vocal sound variation rule. The regulation we followed for the design of the vocal sound variation rule is the Phonetic Standard(Section 30. Chapter 7) of the Korean Orthographic Standards. We have first factor out rules for each regulations, then grouped them into 27 groups for eaeh final-consonant. The Phonological Change Processing System suggested in the paper provides a fast processing ability for vocal sound variation by a single application of the rule. The contents of the process for information augmented to words or the stem of innected words are included in the rules. We believe that the Phonological Change Processing System will facilitate the vocal sound recognition and synthesis by the sentence. Also, this system may be referred as an example for similar research areas.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for the ortho-rectification of high resolution pushbroom-type satellite images. The generation of ortho-images in the ultimate level of the satellite image preprocessing which also includes systematic geocoding and precision geocoding. It is also essential for the mapping of satellite images because topotraphic maps are based on the orthographic projection. The newly developed ortho-image generation algorithm introduced in this paper is on the line of the algorithms previously developed (Shin and Lee, 1997; Shin e 1998). Various experimental results are shown in this paper. The results show that the algorithm completely eliminates the disparities in the perspectively viewed images which were caused by the terrain height. The absolute accuracy of the developed algorithm depends on the accuracy of the camera model and the digital elevation model used.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

One method for image recognition is template matching. In conventional template matching, the block matching algorithm (BMA) is performed while changing the two-dimensional translational displacement of the template within a given matching image. The template size and shape do not change during the BMA. Since only two-dimensional translational displacement is considered, the success rate decreases if the size and direction of the object do not match in the template and the matching image. In this paper, a variable is added to adjust the two-dimensional direction and size of the template, and the optimal value of the variable is automatically calculated in the block corresponding to each two-dimensional translational displacement. Using the calculated optimal value, the template is automatically transformed into an optimal template for each block. The matching error value of each block is then calculated based on the automatically deformed template. Therefore, a more stable result can be obtained for the difference in direction and size. For ease of use, this study focuses on designing the algorithm in a closed form that does not require additional information beyond the template image, such as distance information.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2019

Objectives This study aims to investigate how the Korean disease-related vocabulary is established or changed when it is translated into French or English. Through this, we examine changes in the meaning of diseases and the ecosystem of disease-related vocabulary in transition period of $19^{th}$ to $20^{th}$ century. Methods Korean disease-related vocabulary are extracted from a total of 148,000 Korean headwords included in our corpus of three bilingual dictionaries. Among them, the scope of analyisis is limited to group of vocabularies that include a high frequency words, disease(病) and symptom(症). Results The first type of change is the emergence of a neologism. In this case, coexistence of existing vocabulary and new words is observed. The second change is the appearance of loan words written in Hangul. The third is the case where the interpretation of meaning is changed while maintaining the word form. Finally, the fourth change is that the orthographic variants are displayed while maintaining the meaning of the existing vocabulary. Discussion Disease-related vocabulary increased greatly between 1897 and 1931. The increasing factor of vocabulary was the emergence of coined words, compound words and the influx of foreign words. The Korean language and the Western language made a new lexical form in order to introduce a new unknown concept to the Korean. We could also confirm that the way in which English word expanded its semantic field by modifying the way of representing the meaning of Korean Disease-related vocabulary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2019

With the diversification of research using UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)s, the possibility of remote sensing research for urban green spaces is increasing. UAVs can be used as an investigation method to monitor the successful construction of the park and the planting of vegetation since its creation. This study was carried out to investigate UAVs utilization of urban green space monitoring in Dosol Square. It was photographed three times on May 21, July 13, and September 16, 2018 using DJI Phantom3 pro, Inspire2, and Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera. Orthographic images were overlaid on the planting plan of the site and the construction results were checked, the change of vitality of the plantation area was analyzed by NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SAVI(Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index). As a result, it was confirmed that the UAVs are very effective for surveying the view of the urban green space after the construction and recording the results, which can be grasped quantitatively by overlaying the planting plan map. UAVs are more likely to be used in terms of monitoring vegetation vitality. It is interpreted that SAVI is better than NDVI in the green space just after composition. Chionanthus retusus and Pinus strobus were analyzed for their low level of vitality, and partially damaged and their vitality was lowered. In addition, there was difficulty in grass planting area and flower garden due to drainage and summer drought problems. In the future, it is expected that orthoimage and multispectral data using UAVs will be useful in the early vegetation monitoring and management field of urban green spaces.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2023

As the availability of high-resolution satellite imagery increases, improvement of positioning accuracy of satellite images is required. The importance of orthorectified images is also increasing, which removes relief displacement and establishes true localization of man-made structures. In this paper, we performed automated extraction of building rooftops and total building areas within original satellite images using the existing building height database. We relocated the rooftop sin their true position and generated an orthorectified building layer. The extracted total building areas were used to blank out building areas and generate true orthographic non-building layer. A final orthorectified image was provided by overlapping the building layer and non-building layer.We tested the proposed method with KOMPSAT-3 and KOMPSAT-3A satellite images and verified the results by overlapping with a digital topographical map. Test results showed that orthorectified building layers were generated with a position error of 0.4m.Through the proposed method, the feasibility of automated true orthoimage generation within dense urban areas was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

This study is apply 3D spatial information per traditional landscape space by comparing spatial information data created using a small drone and 3D scanner used for 3D spatial information construction for efficient preservation and management of traditional landscaping space composed of areas such as scenic sites and traditional landscape architectures. The analysis results are as follows. First, aerial photogrammetry data is less accurate than 3D scanners, but it was confirmed to be more suitable for monitoring landscape changes by reading RGB images than 3D scanners by texture mapping using digital data in constructing orthographic image data. Second, the orthographic image data constructed by aerial photogrammetry in a traditional landscaping space consisting of a fixed area, such as Gwanghalluwon Garden, produced visually accurate and precise results. However, as a result of the data extraction, data for trees, which is one of the elements that make up the traditional landscaping, was not extracted, so it was determined that 3D scanning and aerial surveying had to be performed in parallel, especially in areas where trees were densely populated. Third, The surrounding trees in Soswaewon Garden caused many errors in 3D spatial information data including topographic data. It was analyzed that it is preferable to use 3D scanning technology for precise measurement rather than aerial photogrammetry because buildings, landscaping facilities and trees are dense in a relatively small space. When 3D spatial information construction data for a traditional landscaping space composed of area using a small drone and a 3D scanner free from temporal and spatial constraints and compared the data was compared, the aerial photogrammetry is effective for large site such as Hahoe Village, Gyeongju and construction of a 3D space using a 3D scanner is effective for traditional garden such as Soswaewon Garden.