• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1996

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing MAXIMINERAL(72)(MM), a cornmercial product of Ca, Mg-bentonite, to the broiler diet. One thousand hatched rnale broiler chickens(Cobb strain) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments; MM 0% (control), MM 1%, MM 2%, and MM 2% + tricalciurnphosphate (CaP) 0.5%. Each treatment had 5 replicates of 50 birds each. Birds were grown on floor and fed ad libitum for 5 wk. Through the whole period, weight gain and feed intake were not significantly different among treatments. However, weight gain of MM 2% + CaP 0.5% group was highest and orthogonal contrast showed that the feed intake during the period of 0~2 wk was significantly(p<0.01) lower in MM supplemented groups than the control. Feed efficiency (feed /gain) of MM supplemented groups were significantly better than the control. Feed efficiency of the control was significantly(p<0.05) higher than MM 1% and MM 2% + CaP 0.5% groups but not different from MM 2% group. Contents of ash, Ca and P of tibia were not significantly different among treatments but that of P tended to be low in MM 1% and MM 2% groups. There were significant (p<0.01) differences in plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity among treatments. The highest AP activity was shown in MM 2% + CaP 0.5% group followed by the control, MM 2% and MM 1% group. It was concluded that supplernentation of MM at the level of 1% of broiler diet significantly improves feed efficiency and adjustment of P level rnay further improve the performance of the broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2020

Objective: In the present study, an liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics approach was performed to investigate potential biomarkers of milk production in high- and low-milk-yield dairy cows and to establish correlations among rumen fluid metabolites. Methods: Sixteen lactating dairy cows with similar parity and days in milk were divided into high-yield (HY) and low-yield (LY) groups based on milk yield. On day 21, rumen fluid metabolites were quantified applying LC/MS. Results: The principal component analysis and orthogonal correction partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significantly separated clusters of the ruminal metabolite profiles of HY and LY groups. Compared with HY group, a total of 24 ruminal metabolites were significantly greater in LY group, such as 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives (L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-tyrosine, etc.), diazines (uracil, thymine, cytosine), and palmitic acid, while the concentrations of 30 metabolites were dramatically decreased in LY group compared to HY group, included gentisic acid, caprylic acid, and myristic acid. The metabolite enrichment analysis indicated that protein digestion and absorption, ABC transporters and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly different between the two groups. Correlation analysis between the ruminal microbiome and metabolites revealed that certain typical metabolites were exceedingly associated with definite ruminal bacteria; Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Synergistetes phyla were highly correlated with most metabolites. Conclusion: These findings revealed that the ruminal metabolite profiles were significantly different between HY and LY groups, and these results may provide novel insights to evaluate biomarkers for a better feed digestion and may reveal the potential mechanism underlying the difference in milk yield in dairy cows.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 선형 분산 시공간 블록 부호(STBC)의 부분간섭 제거(PIC) 그룹 복호와 인터리브 준직교 시공간 블록 부호인 TBH와 Jafakhani의 $8{\times}8$ 행렬을 위한 부분 간섭 제거 그룹 복호를 제안한다. 수신기에서 사용하여 최대 다이버시티를 달성할 수 있는 부분간섭제거 그룹 복호는 시공간 블록 부호(STBC)에 포함된 심벌을 몇몇의 그룹으로 나누고, 선형 부분 간섭 제거가 이루어진 후에 개별적으로 각 그룹에 대한 복호를 진행한다. 이는 단일 그룹에 포함된 모든 심벌을 한꺼번에 복호하는 최대 우도(ML) 복호와 제로포싱(ZF) 후에 독립적인 하나의 심벌을 갖는 각 그룹에 대해 개별적으로 복호를 하는 제로포싱(ZF) 복호의 중간형태로 볼 수 있다. 부분 간섭 그룹 복호는 그룹의 심벌의 수를 선택함으로써 복잡도와 성능 간의 타협점(tradeoff)을 조절할 수 있는 프레임워크(framework)를 제공한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 부분 간섭 제거 그룹 복호를 통하여 복잡도를 상당히 감소시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 반직교 기반 사용자 선정과 제로 포싱(zero-forcing) 빔 형성에 기반한 간단하면서도 효율적인 세 셀 단위 셀 협력 전송 방법을 제안한다. 육각 셀룰라 시스템 모델에서 각 셀마다 두 그룹의 사용자를 갖는 와이너 (Wyner) 채널 모델에 대해서, 제안한 제로-포싱 협력 전송 방식의 합 전송율의 상계치는 송신 안테나 수와 사용자수의 이중 로거리듬(logarithm)에 비례함을 보인다. 모의 실험 결과는 제안된 협력 전송 방식의 효율성을 확증하며, 사용자 수에 따른 합 전송율은 상계치와 거의 같음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권6C호
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• pp.554-561
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• 2010

본 논문은 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 기반 cognitive radio (CR) 시스템에서 시간 옵셋에 강인한 정수 주파수 옵셋 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 하나의 OFDM 심볼 내에 위치하는 연속 파일럿과 각 연속 파일럿에 가장 인접한 분산 파일럿 간의 샘플 거리가 미리 결정된 거리 중 한 값이라는 특징을 이용한다. 우선, 연속 파일럿과 가장 인접한 분산 파일럿 간의 상관값을 구한 후, 이 값들을 샘플 거리 별로 분류한다. 같은 샘플 거리를 갖는 상관값들은 동일한 시간 옵셋의 영향을 가지므로, 이 값들끼리의 재상관 과정을 통해 시간 옵셋의 영향을 제거할 수 있다. 모의실험 결과를 통해 제안한 기법은 기존 기법과 비교하였을 때 시간 옵셋에 강인하게 정수 주파수 옵셋을 추정함을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권7A호
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• pp.640-648
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 기반의 STBC (Space Time Block Coding) 기술을 적용한 릴레이 선택 기법을 제안한다. 송신기에서 릴레이에 두 개의 안테나를 이용하여 신호를 전송하고 릴레이에서 역시 두 개의 안테나를 사용하여 수신기에 신호를 전송한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 릴레이 선택 기준은 송신기와 릴레이, 릴레이와 수신기 사이의 순시적인 등가 채널 이득을 바탕으로 다수의 릴레이 중 최대 등가 채널 이득을 갖는 릴레이를 선택하여 전송하는 기법이다. 특히, 시스템의 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해 심벌을 그룹화 하여 릴레이 선택 기법을 수행하였다. 모의실험 결과, 제안된 릴레이 선택 기법은 선택 가능한 릴레이 후보 수가 증가함에 따라 선택적 다이버시티 이득을 얻을 수 있음을 확인할 수 있고, 심벌 그룹화를 적용하는 경우 주파수 선택도가 낮은 페이딩 채널 환경에서 성능 열화 없이 시스템의 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2017

The plucking season of green tea leaves is one of the important parameters that decide their metabolic diversity, quality, and prices. The effects of plucking sghlwleasons on green tea metabolites were investigated through metabolite profiling by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed clear discriminations of green teas by three different grades depending on plucking seasons: Ujeon, Sejak, and Jungjak. These results suggested that the nine peak groups could be used for diagnostics for identification of high quality Ujeon grade of green tea.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.629-646
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• 2004

Let G be a compact semialgebraic group and M a semi-algebraic G-set. We prove that there exists a semialgebraic slice at every point of M. Moreover M can be covered by finitely many semialgebraic G-tubes. As an application we give a different proof that every semialgebraic G-set admits a semi algebraic G-embedding into some semialgebraic orthogonal representation space of G, which has been proved in [15].

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2006

Previous isotropy analysis of a caster wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot(COMR) has been made under the assumption that the steering link offset is equal to the caster wheel radius. Nevertheless, many practical COMR's in use take advantage of the steering link offset different from the wheel radius, mainly because of improved stability. This paper presents the isotropy analysis of a fully actuated COMR with variable steering link offset, which can be considered as the generalization of the previous analysis. First, the kinematic model of a COMR under full actuation is obtained based on the orthogonal decomposition of the wheel velocities. Second, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the isotropy of a COMR are derived and examined to categorize three different groups, each of which can be dealt with in a similar way. Third, for each group, the isotropy conditions are further explored so as to identify all possible isotropic configurations completely.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.727-739
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to classify and analyze the lower body of adult female and to provide it'stotal data for clothing construction. The subjects were 82 Korean adult females and their age range is from 19 to 24 years old. 42 variables (10 variables from the direct anthropometric data, 2 variables from the multiplication method and 30 variables from the indirect anthropometric data) in total were applies to analyze(means, standard deviations, factor analysis, cluster analysis) The result of factor analysis indicated that 10 factors were extract'cd through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of varimax and those factors comprise 82. 5 percent of total variance. The obesity of lower body was closely related to hip angle indicated the degree of drooping hip was extracted a independent factor, not influenced by other variance. And somatotype of lower body is classified by cluster analysis, using the FASTCLUS of SAS. To classify the lower body, two kinds of silhouette, front- back and side were applied to analize. The front- back silhouette was subdivided into five groups and the side silhouette four.