• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

This paper discusses a new model for investigating the micro-mechanical behavior of beam-like structures composed of various elastic moduli and complex geometries varying through the cross-sectional directions and also periodically-repeated along the axial directions. The original three-dimensional problem is first formulated in an unified and compact intrinsic form using the concept of decomposition of the rotation tensor. Taking advantage of two smallness of the cross-sectional dimension-to-length parameter and the micro-to-macro heterogeneity and performing homogenization along dimensional reduction simultaneously, the variational asymptotic method is used to rigorously construct an effective zeroth-order beam model, which is similar a generalized Timoshenko one (the first-order shear deformation model) capable of capturing the transverse shear deformations, but still carries out the zeroth-order approximation which can maximize simplicity and promote efficiency. Two examples available in literature are used to demonstrate the consistence and efficiency of this new model, especially for the structures, in which the effects of transverse shear deformations are significant.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Model Order Reduction (MOR) denotes the theory by which one tries to catch a model of order lower than that of the real model. This is conveniently pursued in view of the design of an efficient structural control scheme, just passive within this paper. When the nonlinear response of the reference structural system affects the nature of the reduced model, making it dependent on the visited subset of the input-output space, standard MOR techniques do not apply. The mathematical theory offers some specific alternatives, which however involve a degree of sophistication unjustified in the presence of a few localized nonlinearities. This paper suggests applying standard MOR to the linear parts of the structural system, the interface remaining the original unreduced nonlinear components. A case study focused on the effects of a helicopter land crash is used to exemplify the proposal.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2005

This paper deals with the design of a low-order H/sub ∞/ controller by using an iterative linear matrix inequality (LMI) method. The low-order H/sub ∞/ controller is represented in terms of LMIs with a rank condition. To solve the non-convex rank-constrained LMI problem, the recently developed penalty function method is applied. With an increasing sequence of the penalty parameter, the solution of the penalized optimization problem moves towards the feasible region of the original non-convex problem. Numerical experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.421-446
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to shed light onto the historical significance and limitations of the Tsukiji Little Theater's modern performances. The Tsukiji Little Theater holds a position of great importance to the history of both Japanese and Korean modern theater. Some, however, are under the completely opposite impression. There are also mixed opinions about whether the Tsukiji Little Theater is a "model example" of the modern theatrical movement or a "bad example". Based on this controversy, we look into the definitive characteristics of the Tsukiji Little Theater based mostly on "the controversy over translated foreign plays", "the controversy of foreign plays versus original plays", "the value of kabuki" and "Shinpa as a rival". This paper looked into the differences in controversy over translated foreign plays in the Tsukiji Little Theater and the controversy in existing translated foreign plays. It mostly looks at the "casuistry of foreign plays" and the "cultural engineering theory of foreign plays"to get a grasp on the controversy surrounding existing translated foreign plays. Meanwhile, the "internally critical meaning" towards the original plays of renowned writers was strong in the controversy of foreign plays in the Tsukiji Little Theater. Kaoru Osanai defined the 1920s as a dark period, and persisted that because of the activity of the Shingeki movement, foreign plays were needed instead of low-level original plays. This study examines the characteristics of original plays and foreign plays publicly performed at the Tsukiji Little Theater to analyze the "controversy of translated foreign plays versus original plays". The Tsukiji Little Theater mostly put on shows with a strong sense of resistance or that defied the old times. This caused there to be a lot of emphasis put on the rebellious mindset towards old conventions and ideologies for most of the plays, both foreign and original, and the problem arises that little mind was paid to the integrity or beauty of the works. In looking at the "value of kabuki", this paper looked into Kaoru Osanai, who was deeply involved in kabuki actors. He evaluated traditional Japanese arts highly not because of the literary value of their scripts, but because he recognized the value of how they were performed. In order to create a new spectacle, music, dance and mime was taken in from countries around the world, and kabuki was regarded highly as a means of expression on stage. Finally, we also examine the recognized reasons for treating Shinpa as a rival. There is a relationship between these reasons and a complex about the audiences they drew. The Shinpa performances always had many spectators and were successful, but those at the Tsukiji Little Theater were so unpopular with the public that it was hard for them to financially run their theater group. The empty seats in their theater constantly made the modern intellectuals in the Shingeki movement feel inferior.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2008

The acupuncture and moxibustion documentary characteristics of the "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudogyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" can be summarized into 5 parts such as the following. 1. The Index of Books lists the author of "Dong-indogyeong" as 'Wang-yuil(王惟一)' in some and 'Wang-yudeok(王惟德)' in others. Of these 'Wang-yudeok' is the name in the printed book and 'Yuil(惟一)' was the name it was changed into in order to make it different from the emperor Jinjong(眞宗) of the Song dynasty. Also, the sequence differs greatly among the original editions and sometimes even conflicts within itself, which makes very likely the possibility that the author of this book is not just one person, and that Wangyuil is just the main editor or screener. 2. The original printed edition of the Song(宋) dynasty has 3 volumes and the Cheonsoeng Seokgak(天聖 石刻) of the Song dynasty also has 3 volumes, but 'Hyeolsudosu(穴腧都數)', 'Sumyeongdanggyeolsik(修明堂訣式)', and 'Pichimgugyeol(避鍼灸訣)' were added to the 3rd volume. Of these three 'Pichimgugyeol(避鍼灸訣)' explains the 'Chimgupigijido(鍼灸避忌之圖)' of the 2nd volume in writing, 'Sumyeongdanggyeolsik(修明堂訣式)' explains the three human drawings from the front, side and lying down views in writing and was used to make bronze figures. 'Hyeolsudosu(穴腧都數)' was possibly used to draw acupuncture points when making bronze figures. During the Daejeong(大定) era of the Keum(金) dynasty Jinssi(陳氏) from the Pyeongsuseobang(平水書坊) revised this book and carved it into 5 volumes, and of those the 1st and 2nd volumes have characters that are very different from those of the rubbed copy of the stone carvings[石刻 拓本] from the Myeong(明) dynasty, which shows that it was taken from another book and not from the original text. The 3rd volume has added content from the stone carvings about accupuncture and moxibustion contraindication(鍼灸禁忌). During the Myeong dynasty the 3 volumes of the "Dong-indogyeong(銅人圖經)" were carved on wood based on the Jungtong Sukgan(正統 石刻), and there were many reprints with the contents that are almost all the same, but the order of the original edition were not all the same. When analyzed from many angles, the original printed copy was carved after the Jungtong(正統) of the Myung dynasty. 3. The content on transport points[輸血] in "Dong-indogyeong(銅人圖經)" comes mostly from books like "Oedae(外臺)" 'Myeongdang(明堂)', "Taepyeongseonghyebang(太平聖惠方)" 'Chimgyeong(鍼經)', "Yeongchugyeong(靈樞經)", Wangbing(王冰)'s annotation of "Somun(素問)", "Cheon-geumyobang(千金要方)" 'Chimgu(鍼灸)', and does not have much new content added by Wang-yuil(王惟一). However when Wang quotes past documents, little is summarized, some are edited and most do not have their origin indicated(the titles of other books quoted in the book are to give some supplementary explanation or are copied from another book). 4. There are many mistakes Wangyuil made in using documents and doing historical research and they can be seen in two fields. One is that he did not fix the errors of past documents, and the other is that he did not know the sequence of past documents or did not understand the meaning of the text. 5. The content Wangyuil newly added can mostly be seen in the few annotations and aneo(按語) under the original 'Geumbu(今附)'('Sinbu(新附)'). In order to see Wang's scholarly ideas and achievements we must rely on this part and the meridian entry of the transport points[輸血歸經] in the first part of the book. However we must not give credit to Wang for work that was done by former generations.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.754-763
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• 2002

본 논문은 결함 접지 구조(defected ground structure, DGS)를 삽입하여 소형화한 증폭기의 개선된 전력 성능을 언급하고 있다. DGS에 의한 부가적인 등가성분에 의하여 전파 지연 특성과 전기적 길이 증가 현상이 나타나는데, 이 성질을 이용하면 DGS를 포함한 전송 선로의 전기적 길이를 원래와 같게 유지하기 위하여 물리적 길이를 줄일 수 있다. 물리적 길이를 줄이더라도 전기적 길이는 같으므로 표준 증폭기(original amplifier)의 정합과 성능이 그대로 유지된다. DGS를 삽입하여 길이를 줄인 전송 선로는 증폭기의 원하는 동작주파수에서는 손실이 거의 없지만 하모닉 주파수에서는 일정량의 손실이 있으므로, 소형화된 증폭기(size-reduced amplifier)가 표준 증폭기보다 근 우수한 하모닉 차단 특성을 근본적으로 내재하고 있다. 따라서 출력측에서 검출되는 하모닉 성분의 크기가 표준 증폭기보다는 더 작을 것으로 예측할 수 있다. 이를 확인하기 위하여 표준 증폭기와 DGS로 소형화한 증폭기의 전력 성능을 측정한 결과, 소형화한 증폭기의 2차 하모닉, IMD3 성분, ACPR이 각각 5 dB, 2-6 dB, 1-4 dB가 개선되었다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.150-165
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• 2013

이 글에서는 강원도 유형문화재 제1 2호로 각각 지정된 위봉문과 조양루를 강원도청 내로 이전 복원하기 위한 고증과정에서 밝혀진 사실을 토대로 그동안의 이건 경위와 원위치, 현판 글씨의 작자와 작성연대 등을 살펴보았다. 위봉문과 조양루는 춘천관아 건물로 건립된 이래 1890년 춘천이궁의 부속 건물로 사용되어 왔다. 위봉문은 강원도청 내로 이전 복원 되는 것까지 5차례 이건되었고, 조양루는 2차례 이건되었다. 두 건물의 이전 복원을 위해 1925년 조선총독부에서 발행한 근세지형도를 이용하여 원위치를 추정해 본 결과 현 강원도청 출구도로와 화분온실로 사용하던 부지에 조양루가 위치하고 있었고, 위봉문은 정원에 위치하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 현판 글씨를 고증하는 과정에서 현재의 위봉문과 이궁 건립 이전 조양문의 현판 글씨는 1788년 송하옹 조윤형이 썼음이 밝혀졌다. 특히 조양루는 조윤형이 조양문 현판 글씨를 쓰기 이전부터 '조양'이라는 이름으로 삼문이나 문루 형태의 관아건물로서 기능을 해 왔었고, 춘천이궁 영선 때 개축된 후 '조양루'라는 현판이 달렸을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 이를 통해 그간 사료에 최초 건립 경위나 연도가 나타나지 않은 위봉문과 조양문(루)의 존치 상한시점이 최소 1788년 이전이라는 점도 밝혀진 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 그간 연구가 미흡했던 위봉문과 조양루의 연혁과 역사성을 좀 더 명확히 밝힐 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2022

댐체 구조물 사면부(RIM부)는 본체와 원지반이 접속하는 매우 중요한 접촉부(interface) 이다. 일반적으로 댐 구조물 사면부 지반보강을 위한 그라우팅 설계시 제한된 자료(시추공, 지질도 등)를 이용하여 계획하기 때문에 사면부 RIM 그라우팅 대상 원지반 특성을 정확하게 고려하여 설계하기는 매우 어려운 실정이다. 또한, 실제 차수성이 확보된 원지반에 설계시 계획된 그라우팅 물량을 천공 주입할 경우에는 차수성이 확보된 원지반이 교란되어 차수효과를 오히려 저해할 가능성도 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해서는 구조물 사면부(RIM) 그라우팅 수행 전에 지질여건을 우선적으로 고려하고 현장수리시험을 통하여 원지반에 대한 최적의 그라우팅을 실시여부를 결정하는 것이 기초처리 대상 지반의 차수성 확보에 매우 적합하다고 판단된다. 본 논문에 적용된 RIM부 그라우팅 판단여부를 결정하기 위하여 대상 구간의 사면구간 암반에 대하여, 파일럿 홀(Pilot hole) 수압시험 수행 분석결과 1 Lugeon 이하의 차수성을 나타내며, 시멘트 주입량 역시 1 kg/m 이하의 주입결과를 나타낸다. 이때는 그라우팅을 실시하는 것이 오히려 역효과가 난다고 판단된다. 이 시험결과 수치는 사면 절취시 육안관찰과 지질도 작성결과를 이용하여 분석할 때 댐 설계 기준인 1 Lugeon 이하의 경우가 되어, 괴상(Massive)의 차수성이 어느 정도 확보된 암반으로 평가할 수 있다. 따라서 댐체 구조물 사면부에 RIM 그라우팅의 실시 결정기준은 암반상태에서 1 Lugeon 차수성이고, 시멘트 주입량 역시 1 kg/m을 기준으로 하여 RIM 그라우팅 실시여부를 결정하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 1998

The Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles was an experimental project that Le Corbusier had been waiting for since 1920s in order to explore his ideals and visions in mass housing and city planning. As a leader of the first generation members in CIAM, Le Corbusier tried to give a new form and an order to the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in both building design and city planning level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the design characteristics of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in three different levels of built environment with a particular emphasis on the process through which an original form is derived from its contextual settings. In the level of city planning, Le Corbusier aimed to reshape traditional low-rise urban housing by deploying several Unites spaciously. Le Corbusier believed that the spacious deployment of Unites would bring us both the functional economy in the city and the natural amenity in the suburbs. As Unite d'Habitation would be called frequently as vertical garden city, the influence of suburban garden city on Unite d'Habitation is apparent. In the building level, the binomial harmony of individual-collectivity was pursued by providing three different public floors and by combining 23 different family unit types in the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. In order to visualize the concept of object-type, family units were prefabricated and inserted into the structural frame of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. Two family units are combined to make a three-story section with street corridor in the middle. This three-story section unit is very original as it has access corridor every third floor and each unit could have considerable depth with the help of the living space of two story height. In consideration of formal and plan similarity as well as contextual edivdence, it is concluded that the three-story section of the Unite d'Habitation is derived more from Narkomfin Apartments than from the monastery at Ema or Immuble Villas.