• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.4-34
• /
• 2012

Parastenocaris koreana sp. nov. is described based on examination of numerous adult specimens of both sexes from several localities in Korea. Scanning electron micrographs are used to examine intra- and interpopulation variability of micro-characters, in addition to light microscopy. The new species is most closely related to the Japanese P. biwae Miura, 1969, which we redescribe based on newly collected material from the Lake Biwa drainage area. The two species differ in size, relative length of the caudal rami, shape of the anal operculum, shape of the genital double somite, relative length of the inner distal process on the female fifth leg, as well as relative length of the apical setae on the second, third, and fourth legs exopods in both sexes. Detailed examinations of three disjunct populations of P. koreana reveal also some geographical variation, especially in the surface ornamentation of somites, which may indicate some population structuring or even cryptic speciation. Lack of intraspecific variability in the number and position of sensilla on somites, as well as their potential phylogenetic significance, is a novel discovery. Both species examined here belong to the brevipes group, which we redefine to include 20 species from India (including Sri Lanka), Australia, East Asia, Northern Europe, and North America. A key to species of this group is also provided. In order to test the monophyly of the redefined brevipes group with highly disjunct distribution, as well as relationship between different species, a cladistics analysis is performed based on 39 morphological characters and with help of three outgroup taxa. Six equally parsimonious cladograms are generated, all of which show that the ingroup is well defined by at least three synapomorphies. Reconstructed phylogeny questions the previously suggested hypothesis about the origin of this group in South East Asia, with one Australian species showing the most basal position. We speculate that the present distribution of this group may be a combination of ancient vicariance and subsequent dispersal, with a possible origin in the Gondwanaland, in the rift valley between Australia and India.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.320-325
• /
• 2013

"SaCheolNaMu" has been used as a Korean folk medicine for the jaundice, lumbago and uterine diseases. Although a crude drug related to this folk medicine is sold in traditional herbal market, the botanical origin of this drug has not been pharmacognostically confirmed yet. In this study, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the stem of Euonymus species growing in Korea, i.e. Euonymus japonica and E. fortunei var. radicans were studied to clarify the botanical origin of "SaCheolNaMu". As a result, it was found that these two species could be discriminated by the morphological criteria such as the thickness of cuticles, the number of collenchyma cell layers, and the frequency of druse and resinous substance. According to these criteria, it was elucidated that the commercial folk medicine "SaCheolNaMu" was the stem of E. japonica. Meanwhile, HPLC-DAD analysis on the 70% ethanolic extracts of two species showed significantly different HPLC profiles each other. The molecular ions of three characteristic peaks shown in the chromatogram of two species were identified by ESI-MS, and their structures were estimated to be flavonol glycosides.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.8 no.1_2
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1965

Since Taquet's first discovery of wild P. yedoensis at Mt. Halla, Korea, in 1908, its morphological chracteristics and question of origin of cultivated yedoensis have given controversies to the botanists. Takenaka, through his experiments on the hybridity of cultivated P. yedoensis, recently holds the opinion that P. yedoensis might have originated in Izu peninsula, Japan. The author presents the summarized report on the wild P. yedoensis and its putative parents based on his 2 years' investigated carried out at Mt. Halla during his breeding experiment of genus Prunus. The species of cherry tree used in the present investigation were identified by Prof. Mankyu Park and Mr. Jonghyu Pu, Korean taxonomists. 1) Wild cherry trees which grow wild in Mt. Halla and whose blooming season is April are mostly P. subhirtella var. pendula form. ascendens and P. donarium P. yedoensis is rare in number, around 10 individuals, having been found in a half century. 2) Individuals of wild yedoensis are variable in some of their morphological characteristics. This is, also, true in other species of Prunus. 3) Wild yedoensis whose vigorous growth, sterility, and rarity in number suggest hybrid origin, has intermediate characteristics between the P. subhirtella and P. donarium. 4) Due to the abnormal weather of the island and various environmental factors such as havbitats, some of the early-blooming subhirtella and late-blooming donarium would bloom at the same time, giving these two species the changes to cross. 5) Wild yedoensis is slightly different in some of its quantitative characters from cultivated species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2011

Thais Roding, 1798, commonly known as rock-shell, is among the most frequently found gastropod genera worldwide on intertidal rocky shores including those of Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. This group contains important species in many marine environmental studies but species-level taxonomy of the group is quite complicated due to the morphological variations in shell characters. This study examined the genetic variations and relationships among three Korean Thais species based on the partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene fragments. Phylogenetic trees from different analytic methods (maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum likelihood) showed that T. bronni and T. luteostoma are closely related, indicating the most recent common ancestry. The low sequence divergence found between T. luteostoma and T. bronni, ranging from 1.53% to 3.19%, also corroborates this idea. Further molecular survey using different molecular marker is required to fully understand a detailed picture of the origin for their low level of interspecific sequence divergence. Sequence comparisons among conspecific individuals revealed extensive sequence variations within the three species with maximum values of 2.43% in T. clavigera and 1.37% in both T. bronni and T. luteostoma. In addition, there is an unexpectedly high level of mitochondrial genotypic diversity within each of the three Korean Thais species. The high genetic diversity revealed in Korean Thais species is likely to reflect genetic diversity introduced from potential source populations with diverse geographic origins, such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a variety of different coastal regions in South China and Japan. Additional sequence analysis with comprehensive taxon sampling from unstudied potential source populations will be also needed to address the origin and key factors for the high level of genetic diversity discovered within the three Korean Thais species studied.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.37 no.4 s.147
• /
• pp.302-306
• /
• 2006

'Pae Jang (敗醬)' is one of Chinese crude drugs used mainly as a edema, abdominal pain and hemoptysis, etc. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Pae Jang', it has been considered to be Patrinia scabiosaefolia of Valerianaceae, but there has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of the 'Pae Jang', we studied on the anatomical characteristics of the roots of three species growing in Korea. Through our studies, the botanical origin of 'Pae Jang' from Korea was proved to be the under ground portions of Patrinia scabiosaefolia and Patrinia villosa.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.182-191
• /
• 1999

Korean folk medicine 'Ggeong Yi Da Ri' has been used mainly as remedies for stomach trouble, bruise and neuralgia. The botanical origin of the crude drug has not been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Ggeong Yi Da Ri', the morphology and anatomy of leaf and stem were examined for the Korean species of Thalictrum plants, such as T. acetaefolium, T. aquilegifolium, T. filamentosum, T. minus var. hypoleucum, T. minus var. stipellatum and T. rochebrunianum. The botanical origin of 'Ggeong Yi Da Ri' was clarified as the leaf and stem from Thalictrum aquilegifolium and T. filamentosum.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.32 no.3 s.126
• /
• pp.233-237
• /
• 2001

Korean folk medicine 'Koaeng I Bab' has been used to cure hemorrhoid, boil and dermatopathy and as an antidote. The botanical origin of the crude drug has not been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Koaeng I Bab', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Oxalis species growing in Korea, i.e. O. acetosella, O. acetosella var. purpurascens, O. corniculata, O. obtriangulata were studied. As the result, the botanical origin of 'Koaeng I Bab' has been proved to be O. corniculata and O. acetosella var. purpurascens.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.350-358
• /
• 2017

It is an essential prerequisite to use exact botanical origin of crude drugs for a therapeutic effect. The botanical origin also affects the standard for quality control. During the past decades, Korea, China and Japan have developed individually their own official compendia for crude drugs to tune with the times. This study was accomplished to offer basic data and appropriate suggestions to rebuilding the botanical origins of crude drugs in Korean official compendia according to international harmonization. For this, the botanical origin of crude drugs in official compendia of these three countries were compared based on the scientific name internationally accepted. As results, there were five crude drugs defined as plants or animal of which family were different. Fourteen crude drugs showed the botanical origin of different genus and eighty eight of different species. In addition, usage part and collection season differed in twelve and four crude drugs, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.110-122
• /
• 2014

This study examined hwangbek dyeability for cotton, silk, and wool from different tree species and origin as well as their berberine and palmatine content. A total of 12 different hwangbek were examined, six purchased directly from different locations of China and six purchased from the Seoul Medicine Market. Hwangbek purchased from China were 3 Kwanhwangbek (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) from Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and 3 Chunhwangbek (Phellodendron chinense Schneid.) from Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guangxi. Hwangbek purchased from the Seoul Medicine Market included 3 hwangbek that originated from Korea and 3 hwangbek imported from China. We extracted 2.5g of each hwangbek into 500mL of water for 60 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Dyeing was conducted using the IR dyeing machine for 30min at $55^{\circ}C$ using a 1:100 liquor ratio. Cotton was mordanted using tannic acid followed by potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate treatment before dyeing. Berberine and palmatine pigments in hwangbek were identified with the HPLC-DAD-MS instrument and the amount of pigment was quantified using an ion chromatogram. The results indicated that the K/S values of dyed fabrics were highly related to the amount of pigment in hwangbek used for dyeing.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.3 s.138
• /
• pp.215-228
• /
• 2004

The Korean folk medicine 'Jin Hae Cho Ip' has been used as a remedy for neuralgia and as an invigorating drug after a childbirth, etc in Korea. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Jin Hae Cho Ip', several species of Potentilla (Rosaceae) has been refired, but no pharmacognostical study has yet been performed in this regard. To clarify the botanical origin of the 'Jin Hae Cho Ip', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaflets and petioles of Potentilla and Sibbaldia species growing in Korea, such as P. chinensis, P. cryptotaeniae, P. dickinsii, P. discolor, P. fragarioides var. major, P. freyniana, P. kleiniana, P. matsumurae, P. paradoxa, and S. procumbens, were compared. As a result, it was found that 'Jin Hae Cho Ip' was composed of the leaves of P. Chinensis and P. discolor.