• 제목/요약/키워드: origin of country

검색결과 449건 처리시간 0.021초

FTA 원산지결정기준 위반의 유형별 사례분석 및 대응방안 (A Case Study of FTA Utilization on the Violation of Determining the Country of Origin)

  • 윤준웅;이춘수
    • 통상정보연구
    • /
    • 제17권2호
    • /
    • pp.201-223
    • /
    • 2015
  • 2015년 5월 현재 한국은 세계 50개국과 FTA 발효 및 중국 외 3개국과 FTA 타결을 이룬 상황 하에서, 원산지 검증이 한 EU FTA와 한 미 FTA 체결이후 본격화됨에 따라 그 중요성은 커졌지만 국내검증사례에 대한 자료의 제한적 접근성 등의 사유로 인하여, 원산지 검증사례에 대한 종합적이고 세부적인 접근의 연구는 미진한 편이다. 본 연구에서는 원산지 검증제도 개요 및 FTA 체결 국가의 일반규정, 원산지규정과 원산지 결정기준에 대한 선행연구를 고찰하였다. 그리고 대표적인 직접검증 방식을 채택하고 있는 한 미 FTA와 간접검증 방식을 채택하고 있는 한 EU FTA를 중심으로 직 간접 검증 방식의 고찰을 통하고 원산지 검증의 주요 원산지 결정기준위반 현황을 파악하였다. 또한 기존 주요 원산지 결정기준 위반 요소들을 FTA 협정 법령상에서 제시한 원산지 충족 요건 유형별로 세분화하여 세부 유형별 위반 사례를 종합적으로 조사 분석하여 수출기업에서 원산지 검증에 있어 취약요인을 분석하여 이에 대한 기업의 대응방안을 제시하였다. 구체적 대응방안으로 민관합동 대응조직 구축의 필요성, 현실적 원산지 관리시스템 구축, 연관 중소기업간 FTA 원산지 정보 공유 허브 시스템 구축, 기업 내 원산지관리 대응 조직의 활성화 및 연계 부서 간 전사적 관심과 교육 활성화를 제시하였다.

  • PDF

리스크관리 측면에서 FTA 연구동향 분석 (An Analysis of Research Trend on Risk Management in FTA)

  • 임목삼;최미수
    • 무역상무연구
    • /
    • 제78권
    • /
    • pp.119-143
    • /
    • 2018
  • This research aims to review every important academic research on risk management in FTA and to suggest a future area for further research. This research area seems to focus on conceptual study or fact finding rather than on theory development or empirical research on causal relationship or theory testing. The National Assembly Digital Library analyzed the results of 3,576 researches on thesis and journals fromthe results of the FTA. Research on FTA is analyzed in four major themes. First, there have been previous studies on business performance such as FTA export performance and economic effect. Second, analyzed the effects of FTA in product and service. The products are classified into agricultural, marine products, manufacturing, textiles and clothing, medicinal pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and others. Services are classified into educational and cultural contents, service industry and financial industry. Third, research on the risk management of FTA Origin is broadly classified into the use of country of origin and the verification of origin, and the use of origin includes the study of rules of origin and systems of origin and management. Origin verification was divided into origin verification and origin risk management. Fourth, study on the conclusion area of the FTA, studies were conducted on areas such as Korea-US FTA, Korea-China FTA, Korea-EU FTA, Korea-Japan FTA, Korea-Chile FTA, and Korea-ASEAN FTA. Search results through the FTA, focused on analyzing the FTA area and concept research by research purpose. In addition, research methods are mainly focused on documentary survey, and research areas are concentrated on specific countries such as China and USA. This implies a necessity for a future development in that research area. Other areas for future research may include case research on actual failures in FTA, proactive risk management strategy, and integrated risk management for export companies. Risk management in FTA may help investment expansion, and that is why research on the issue matters.

  • PDF

외국인 이주자의 거시적 이주 배경에 관한 인지 (Foreign Immigrants‘ Recognition on Macro-contexts of Transnational Migration)

  • 최병두;이경자
    • 한국경제지리학회지
    • /
    • 제13권1호
    • /
    • pp.64-88
    • /
    • 2010
  • 최근 급증하고 있는 초국적 이주는 세계적 차원의 지구-지방화 과정 및 교통통신기술의 발달과 더불어 지역불균등 발전에 따른 출신 국가 및 지역과 목적 국가 및 지역의 사회공간적 특성과 이들 간 관계 등의 거시적 배경 하에서 이루어진다. 이를 고찰하기 위해, 다문화공간의 개념과 이에 함의된 장소, 영역, 네트워크, 스케일과 이에 더하여 공간적 흐름과 공간적 차이 등이 강조될 수 있다. 이러한 개념들에 바탕을 두고 외국인 이주자들이 인지하는 거시적 배경에 관한 설문조사 분석 결과, 첫째 대부분의 외국인 이주자들은 국가 간 경제발전 수준의 차이, 교통 및 정보통신기술의 발달, 상품과 자본의 지구적 이동, 그리고 국제이주의 일반화 경향 등을 상당히 높게 인지하고 있었다. 둘째, 4가지 이주 유형들 가운데 이주노동자가 본국의 경제적, 사회적 여건에 대해 상대적으로 가장 부정적으로 인지하는 반면, 전문직 이주자들은 그렇지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결혼이주자와 이주노동자는 농어촌 거주비율이 높은 반면, 전문직 이주자와 외국인 유학생들은 대도시 및 중도시 거주비율이 높지만, 모든 유형의 이주자들의 출신 지역들(단 일본과 같은 일부 국가를 제외하고)에서는 국제 이주를 상당히 긍정적으로 인식하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 모든 유형의 이주자들은 이주 전 이주 목적국으로서 한국에 대해 대체로 낮은 인지수준을 보였다.

  • PDF

Korean consumers' attitudes towards organic labels and country-of-origin of organic foods

  • Lee, Hye-Kyoung;Cho, Young-Sang
    • 유통과학연구
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.49-59
    • /
    • 2011
  • Although the South Korean organic food market is in the infancy compared to other industrialized countries, Korean consumers'interest in organic food and retail stores devoting space to organic products have been rapidly increasing. Despite the fact of organic food popularity, the term "organic" is interpreted differently by individuals. As opposed to the US, Japan and the EU where have operated an integrated organic food labelling system, Korea has adopted complex organic labelling systems regulated by several different government bodies. As a result, complicated food labelling standards make consumers confused when purchasing organic foods. Furthermore, in terms of country of origin (COO), it is argued by a lot of researchers that COO effects vary from product to product and from country to country; moreover, other informational cues such as brand and price can influence COO effects. In modern society, COO labelling has been complicated, due to the sourcing, manufacturing and market locations of merchandise spread over the world. Accordingly, the evaluation of COO effects has become complex. In order to examine these issues, a quantitative research was selected to classify the commonfeatures of organic food consumers and construct statistics such as the extent to which people are aware of organic food and COO labellingvia a questionnaire which took place in two cities in Korea with a cluster sample of 161 organic food purchasers. As for the data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, bivariate crosstatulations with Cramer's V were conducted,depending on the characteristics of variables and the assumptions the research data need to fit. It has been concluded that in general, Korean organic consumers comprehend the term "organic"in a closer way to the general concept rather than technical term, thus people do not appreciate environmentally labels which include organic food labels, although marital status influence the degree of label awareness, regardless of gender, age, education level and so on. Regarding COO effects on organic food, home organic products were Korean consumers'first choice over those from industrialized countries and developing nations. Specifically, in processed organic product category, domestically cultivated and processed organic products were absolutely preferred to leading national brands produced with imported ingredients and international brands. However, due to a lack of checks of ingredients' COO, consumers tend to purchase a leading national organic food brand, believing that it is a pure organic food sourced domestically. As a consequence, this research has suggested some important managerial implications and future research directions. In order to prevent consumer confusion when buying organic foods, it should be noted that consumers do not comprehend the organic food certifications, due to complicated labelling systems for organic produce and processed organic foods. Therefore, government bodies related to organic food distribution have to know consumers' perception of organic food labels and the significance of customer-oriented labels and reestablish labelling standards. Similarly, public advertising should be followed to raise public awareness of the labelling to enable customers to have the correct information. In addition, not only international marketers but also domestic marketers need to understand COO images and also the influence COO of ingredients has on the image of an organic product.

  • PDF

Nasal septal abscess with a dental origin: a case report and a review of the literature

  • Lee, Sang Min;Leem, Dae Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
    • /
    • 제47권2호
    • /
    • pp.135-140
    • /
    • 2021
  • Since the first report of a nasal septal abscess (NSA) from a dental origin (1920), six articles have been published in the English literature to date. The most common cause of NSA is an infection of the nasal septal hematoma after trauma. This is a report of an uncommon cause of NSA with a dental origin. A PubMed search performed regardless of year and country using the terms ("nasal septal abscess") OR ("nasal septum abscess") initially yielded 229 articles. After screening, seven articles (eight patients) were selected. Addition of two related articles produced a total of nine articles (10 patients) to be included. The age of the included patients ranged from 7 to 69 years (mean, 32.82 years; standard deviation, ±23.86 years). The sex composition was as followed: males (n=7; 63.6%), females (n=4; 36.4%). Dental histories were various: periapical lesions, caries, extraction, endodontic therapy, and cystic lesions. The maxillary incisor dominated as the tooth of origin. Early diagnosis and treatment of NSAs are important to avoid not only facial deformity, but also severe complications (e.g., intracranial infection). If NSA is suspected in patients without facial trauma, the possibility of a dental origin, especially from the maxillary incisor area, should be considered.

A Study on the Dispute Settlement Procedure for the Preferential Rules of Origin

  • Yi, Ji-Soo
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
    • /
    • 제26권3호
    • /
    • pp.3-26
    • /
    • 2016
  • The preferential Rules of Origin (RoO) govern tariff preferences that are given in accordance with the FTA. However, relatively few studies have been devoted to the procedures in settling disputes that are relevant to RoO under the FTA. This study is a first attempt at analyzing the applicability and the potential improvement in dispute settlement procedures in FTAs targeted at the preferential RoO. By exploring three dispute cases involving the preferential RoO, it is suggested that restrictiveness, complexity, and uncertainty that are inherent in the preferential RoO may trigger political tension and dispute. Forming a panel that is capable of mitigating political tension, facilitating participation and early cooperation of experts and stakeholders, and establishing a well-structured enforcement procedure are essential in dispute settlement procedures to resolve disputes involving cases on RoO. Furthermore, the current dispute settlement procedure that hinders the private sector's access should be changed to one that is more open to private sector entities, such as companies, to facilitate the enforcement of the decision. Given that more improved FTA dispute settlement procedure may guarantee the enforcement and application of the FTA preferential treatment in relation with more politically powerful states and foster genuine free trades, more in-depth studies must be conducted on this topic.

FTA 체결에 따른 전자원산지증명서 활성화 방안 (e-C/O under FTA)

  • 이창숙;김종칠
    • 통상정보연구
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.475-498
    • /
    • 2013
  • FTA를 체결하는 가장 근본적인 이유는 FTA 체결국 상호간에 특혜관세를 적용받기 위해서이다. 특혜관세 적용을 받기 위해서는 협정에서 규정하고 있는 원산지결정기준을 충족해야 할 뿐만 아니라 이를 입증하는 원산지증명서가 반드시 있어야 한다. 한국 관세청에서는 전자통관시스템(UNI-PASS)과 원산지관리시스템(FTA-PASS)을, 대한상공회의소에서는 무역인증서비스를 제공하여 전자적으로 원산지증명서를 발급할 수 있는 환경이 마련되어 있다. 하지만 여전히 FTA 특혜원산지증명서 발급이 특혜 적용으로 인한 가격경쟁력 향상 보다는 주로 거래처의 요청에 의해 발급되고 있는 실정이다. FTA 체결국가가 증가함에 따라 FTA의 효과를 극대화 시킬 수 있도록 전자원산지증명서 발급의 정착 및 활성화가 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현행 우리나라에서 제공하고 있는 전자원산지증명서 발급시스템 구축현황을 검토한 후 이에 대한 문제점을 실무적 측면과 시스템적 측면으로 나누어 파악하고 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

  • PDF

프라이빗 블록체인 활용 FTA원산지 정보관리 시스템 프로토타입 개발 (Development of an FTA origin information management system prototype utilizing private block chain)

  • 조형민;김종현;이경희
    • 한국빅데이터학회지
    • /
    • 제4권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-10
    • /
    • 2019
  • FTA가 확산됨에 따라 향후 급증할 것으로 예상되는 실제조사 등을 대비하여 국내거래 단계에서 원산지 정보의 정확성과 신뢰도 증진 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 현실적으로 원산지 관련 정보를 수집 및 관리하는데 있어 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 이는 FTA 활용이익의 수출자 편향성과 발급유인 부족 등과 함께 국내 제조기업들의 원산지 정보유통과 관리기술에 관한 부족도 중요한 원인으로 지적되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 프라이빗 블록체인인 Hyperledger Fabric을 사용하여 원산지정보 관리시스템 프로토타입 구축을 통해 국내 기업들의 원활한 FTA원산지 (포괄) 확인서의 관리 및 유통의 효율성을 증진하고, 조작방지를 통한 신뢰성 증진을 지원하는 방안을 제시한다. 블록체인은 분산원장 혹은 신뢰 인터넷으로 불리면서 공급망 상에서 여러 관련기업들이 원산지 정보를 높은 신뢰성을 가지고 즉시 유통할 수 있는 기술적인 인프라를 제공하지만 아직 이의 실제 비즈니스 적용에 관한 연구는 시작단계에 머물러 있다.

  • PDF

Origin and description study for Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae unregistered in official documents

  • Lee, Sang-Chang
    • Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
    • /
    • 제2권2호
    • /
    • pp.9-15
    • /
    • 2009
  • In order to build up the infrastructure of the globalization of herbal material, the system of culture, distribution, treatment and sale should be established on the basis of the official documents. In this context, the state compendium needs to be theoretically established in perfection 0in order that it may be globally authoritative. The ultimate goal of this study is to clarify the origin and description of the herbal material unregistered in the official documents, as well as to establish the criteria of assessment. The technical books on herbage, published in the country and other countries, were compared with each other. Also, on-the-spot surveys were made to learn specialists' know-how. The description of the collected drug-stuffs Were analyzed in connection with external morphology, internal morphology and microscopy. And the laboratory test was performed to differentiate such drug-stuffs.

  • PDF

유럽, 미국, 중국의 지리적 표시 제도 및 산업적 현황 (Geographical indication and its trade practices in Europe, USA and China)

  • 천재은;신일매
    • 식품과학과 산업
    • /
    • 제54권4호
    • /
    • pp.246-259
    • /
    • 2021
  • Various countries established Geographical Indication (GI) system to protect the right and traditionality of their native products. The regulations vary by country but can be divided accordingly: Protection by trademark systems such as in USA, Special Protection for Geographical Indication as in EU, Protection by both schemes as in China and Korea. Within the systems, countries provide diverse schemes such as PDO and PGI in EU depending on the scope of the product. However, GI system in Korea provides one definition which only protects products that express definite tie to its territory of origin, preliminary with the origin of the ingredient. It is necessary for the government and industry to seek ways to revitalize the local economy in the global market and increase the number of GI products by aligning GI systems with foreign countries and support mutual bilateral agreement.