• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.116-120
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• 2004

Hexagonal barium-ferrite ($BaFe_{12}O_{19}$, magnetoplumbite structure; BaM) film with perpendicularly c-axis orientation was successfully deposited on (100) silicon substrates with an MgO (111) underlayer by rf diode sputtering and in-situ heating at $920^{\circ}C$. The magnetic and structural properties of 0.27 ${\mu}m$ thick BaM films on MgO (111) underlayers were compared to films of the same thickness deposited onto single-crystal MgO (111) and c-plane ($000{\ell}$) sapphire ($Al_2O_3$) substrates by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thickness dependence of MgO (111) underlayers on silicon wafer was found to have a large effect on both magnetic and structural properties of the BaM film. The thickness of 15 nm MgO (111) underlayers produced BaM films with almost identical magnetic and structural properties as the single-crystal substrates; this can be explained by the lower surface roughness for thinner underlayer thicknesses. The magnetization saturation ($M_s$) and the ratio $H_{cII}/H_{c{\bot}}$ for the BaM film with a 15 nm MgO (111) underlayer is 217 emu/cc and 0.24, respectively. This is similar to the results for the BaM films deposited on the single-crystal MgO (111) and sapphire substrates of 197 emu/cc and 0.10, 200 emu/cc and 0.12, respectively. Therefore, the proposed MgO (111) underlayer can be used in many applications to promote c-axis orientation without the cost of expensive substrates.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 1999.02a
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• pp.47-50
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• 1999

The orientation mechanism of an amorphous $Bi_{2}$$Sr_{2}$$Ca_{2 x}$$Cd_{x}$$Cu_{3}$$O_{y}$ phase were studied by using the dilatometry. The amorphous $Bi_{2}$$Sr_{2}$$Ca_{2 x}$$Cd_{x}$$Cu_{3}$$O_{y}$ samples brought about a volume shrinkage at the onset of the crystallization of a $Bi_{2}$$Sr_{2}$$CaCu_{2}$$O_{6}$phase around $400^{\circ}C$. The random crystal growth of $Bi_{2}$$Sr_{2}$$CaCu_{2}$$O_{8}$ phase around $800^{\circ}C$. yielded a rapid volume expansion and after then samples shrinmed, accompanied with the crystal orientation. The$Bi_{2}$$Sr_{2}$$Ca_{2 x}$$Cd_{x}$$Cu_{3}$$O_{y}$ (x=0.4) sample exhibited the best-oriented structure because the liquid phase formed seemed to have the lowest viscosity which would contributed to the easy collapse of the card-house structure.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1990.07a
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• pp.195-198
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• 1990

In order to investigate the radiation effects induced to electrical properties of Biaxially-Oriented Polypropylen film, several observations were carried out to the sample irradiated to various dose by $Co^{60}-{\gamma}$ ray, on the characteristics of TSC spectra measuered as a function of electric field applied to a sample of 15[ ${\mu}m$] thick. The TSC spectra observed in the temperature range of $153{\sim}403[K]$ with the electric field of intensity $10{\sim}60$ [MV/m], have shown two of the distinguished peak such as ${\beta}$, ${\alpha}$, each of which appeared at $-5{\sim}20$ [ $^{\circ}C$] and 90 [ $^{\circ}C$] respectively. As the conclusions, obtained from the studies, the origin of ${\alpha}$ peak in TSC seems to be attributed by thermal excitation of ions trapped with $0.4{\sim}0.8[eV]$ deep, at the defects formed by $Co^{60}-{\gamma}$ irradiation in a crystaline region. The origin of ${\beta}$ peak was regarded as the depolarization process of "OH" or "CO" dipole with the activation energy of $0.4{\sim}0.6[eV]$ in an amorphous region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.98-101
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• 1990

In order to investigate the laser effects resulted from the behaviors of carriers for BOPP film, experiment of TSC were carried out on the specimen with 15[$\mu\textrm{m}$] thick irradiated by He-Ne laser. The TSC spectras were observed in the temperature range of -100[$^{\circ}C$] to 130[$^{\circ}C$] with the electric field of 20∼60[MV/m], had show four of the distinguished peak such as ${\alpha}$$_1$, ${\alpha}$$_2$, ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$, which appeared at 115, 80, 17 and -30[$^{\circ}C$] respectively. Specially, ${\alpha}$$_1$ was observed and anomalous TSC flowing in the same direction as the charging current on the high-electric field such as 50∼60[MV/m]. In according on the consequences obtained from the studies, the origin of ${\alpha}$$_1$peak was attributed to the detrapping process form trap with 2.88[eV] deep of injected space charge from the chathode in the crystaline regions. The origin of ${\alpha}$$_2$ peak was regarded as the detrapping process of ions trapped with 0.9[eV] deep originated from impurity-ion remained in the specimen during production process of the material, in the crystalline regions. The origin of ${\beta}$ peak was concluded to be due to the depolarization process of "C=0"dipole with the activation energy of 0.75[eV] in the amorphous regions. The origin of ${\gamma}$ peak was responsible to the process combined with the depolarization of "CH$_3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of post-harvest CO₂ treatment on the quality of the 'Gonji-7ho' oyster mushroom. The harvested mushrooms were pre-cooled at 3℃ for 1 day and placed in a gas-tight chamber with 0%, 30%, or 50% of CO₂ concentration for 3 hours at 3℃. Next, 400 g of the oyster mushroom sample was packaged into 20-㎛ thick oriented polypropylene (OPP) film bags and stored at 4℃ for 21 days. Treatment with 30% of CO₂ treatment maintained the highest stipe firmness of the oyster mushrooms during storage. The stipe lightness (CIE L^⁎) was the highest at 14 and 21 days, while the stipe yellowness (CIE b^⁎) was the lowest at 2 and 7 days of storage. Therefore, we concluded that the 30% CO₂ treatment maintained the overall visual quality of the 'Gonji-7ho' oyster mushroom until 17 days of storage at 3℃. Our results suggest that the shelf life of 'Gonji-7ho' oyster mushroom could be extended by the postharvest application of 30% CO₂ for 3 hours during low temperature storage.