• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.194-197
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Herbal extracts have been screened for their inhibitory effect of seed germination and root development on weeds, but there is a scarcity of reports for crop growth regulation. The objective of this research was to develop a growth inhibitor on Brassica campestris, and its effective extraction method from herbal medicine extract. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty four herbal medicine extracts were tested for their plant growth inhibition activity on B. campestris. The alcohol extracts of Artemisia annua, Cinnamomum cassia, and Mentha arvensis inhibited over 30% of germination and the extract of A. annua, and C. cassia inhibited over 70% of radicle growth at 0.1 % w/w treatment. The partially purified extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia with dichloromethane and hexane showed stronger radicle growth inhibition than the crude extracts on B. campestris. The diethyl ether extract of A. annua showed a similar 50% radicle growth inhibition ($RI_{50}$ = 45 mg/L) to its partially purified extract with dichloromethane or hexane, but the diethyl ether extract of C. cassia showed a worse $RI_{50}$ than the purified extract. CONCLUSION: The alcohol extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia showed potent radicle growth inhibition properties on B. campestris. Diethyl ether proved to be a good solvent for simple extraction from A. annua.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2003

Plants of the genus Hypericum (Family - Hypericaceae) are herbs, shrubs or small trees and are distributed chiefly in the temperate regions of the world. About 400 different species of Hypericum are available throughout the globe and 20 species occur in India, including a few cultivated in gardens. Almost all plants of the genus Hypericum are widely used in folk medicine. Several potent phytoconstituents from different Hypericum species have led to the isolation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic compounds. With the development of resistance and cross resistance with different microorganisms and the evolution of so many deadly diseases the screening and evaluation of the phytoconstituents so much so the development of varied phytoconstituents for the drug development for these deadly diseases is utmost essential in every aspects. The present review on the antimicrobial use of different Hypericum reports the findings from and extensive literature search on the Hypericum species around the globe that have been assessed for antimicrobial and antiviral activity. An attempt has been made through this review to summarize the information in this aspect in order to highlight the promising species of this genus which are worthy for further investigation as leads for drug development. Over 31 different Hypericum species have been reported to possess such activities with their varied number of phytoconstituents. Sixteen different constituents of six different classes of phytoconstituents have been reported to be present in different varieties of Hypericum, which may be considered responsible for this activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2009

Puerariae flos (PF) is a traditional oriental medicinal plant and has clinically been prescribed for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of PF on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a Morris water maze (MWM) test in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. The changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system were assessed by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (normal), the sham-operated and stressed group (control), the ovariectomized and stressed group (OS), and the ovariectomized, stressed and PF treated group (OSF). Rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14 d (2 h/d), and PF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Results showed that treatments with PF caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a spatial memory task, and also increased the ChA T immunoreactivities. In conclusion, administration of PF improved spatial learning and memory in OVX rats, and PF may be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal-related dementia.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Objectives : To develop a natural antioxidant and anti-hemolytic agents, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos. Methods : Aerial parts of Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos were extracted with 80% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of Carpesii Fructus or Farfarae Flos extract was evaluated by employing three different assays, i.e., 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) scavenging and reducing power activities. Also, anti-hemolytic activity of Carpesii Fructus or Farfarae Flos extract was determined using [2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)]-induced hemolysis, glutathione (GSH) depletion and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in normal rat red blood cells (RBC) or plasma. Results : The extracts obtained from Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH- or ABTS-induced radicals and the reducing power activities. Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos were similar to the scavenging activity and the reducing power of butylated hydroxy anisole effect at high concentration ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$). RBC oxidative hemolysis and plasma MDA formation induced by AAPH were significantly suppressed by the extracts of Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos in a dose-dependent manner. Also, Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos extracts prevented the depletion of cystosolic antioxidant GSH in RBCs. Carpesii Fructus generally had better than the free radical scavenging activity, the reducing power and anti-hemolytic effects of Farfarae Flos. Conclusions : These results suggest that Carpesii Fructus and Farfarae Flos may have value as the potential antioxidant and anti-hemolytic medicinal plant.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.232-232
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• 2022

We reported in our recent studies that the combined treatment of Paenibacillus yonginensis DCY84^T (DCY84^T) and Silicon (Si) promotes initial plant growth and increases resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To understand the molecular background of these phenotypes, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was performed, and it was confirmed that unsaturated fatty acid metabolites such as oleic acid and linoleic acid decreased in response to the combined treatment of DCY84^T and Si. The stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SACPD) introduces the cis double bond into the acyl-ACPs at C9, resulting in the production of unsaturated fatty acid. We identified OsSSI2 encoding SACPD in rice and found that the expression of OsSSI2 was reduced under DCY84^T and Si treatment. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of OsWRKY45, which is downstream of OsSSI2, was upregulated in response to DCY84^T and Si treatment. These results enable the speculation that activation of the salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene, OsWRKY45, may contribute to enhancing biological stress resistance. Based on this, we propose a probable model for the rice defense pathway following DCY84^T and Si treatment. This model retains a WRKY45-dependent but NH1(NPR1)-independent SA signaling pathway.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

Background: Inula japonica Thunb. is a plant belonging to the family compositae. Inulae flos (flower of I. britannica var. chinensis Regal.) is the dried flower of I. japonica Thunb. and contains various flavonoids (patulitrin, nepitrin and kaempferol), which have been utilized in traditional oriental medicine to treat nausea, phlegm, and coughs. However, ethanol extract of I. britannica (IJE) has not been previously studied for its use in cancer treatment, and its effects on oxidative stress, or inflammation. Thus, the present study investigated the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-colorectal cancer effects of IJE using RAW264.7 and HCT-116 cells, which are human colorectal cancer cell line. Methods and Results: IJE contained flavonoids ($80.95{\pm}5.3mg/g$) and polyphenols ($310.53{\pm}10.6mg/g$). Moreover, it reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, the $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ IJE treatment increased caspase-3 activity and apoptotic cell death in HCT-116 cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the anti-cancer effect of IJE against human colorectal cancer cells involves caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death. IJE also inhibited LPS-induced NO production, and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. However, further studies are required to explore how IJE treatment regulates signal transduction in NO and ROS production.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2016

600여 종의 제주 천연 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 효과를 스크린한 결과, 조록나무 잎 추출물이 가장 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 조록나무는 조록나무과에 속하는 상록 나무로써 제주 천연자원이다. 본 연구에서는 극성이 다른 유기용매(헥산, 메틸렌 클로라이드, 에틸 아세테이트, 부탄올, 물)로 순차적으로 분획 한 조록나무 물질 5가지를 이용하여 항산화 효과 및 간세포와 폐세포를 이용하여 세포 보호능을 확인하였다. 에틸 아세테이트 분획물질은 0.5 mg/mL에서 약93%로 가장 우수한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 보이며 양성 대조군으로 사용한 quercetin 보다 높은 효능을 보였다. 총 페놀 함량을 확인 한 결과, 에틸 아세테이트 분획물질은 505 mg GAE/g로 가장 높은 총 페놀 함량을 보였으며, 모든 추출물에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 연관성 있는 결과를 보였다. 또한 에틸 아세테이트 분획물질은 $H_2O_2$에 대한 산화적 스트레스로부터 다른 분획 물질보다 높은 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 조록나무의 에틸 아세테이트 분획물질의 높은 항산화 효과를 확인하였으며, 천연 항산화 소재의 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2016

Background: Prenatal exposure to infectious and/or inflammatory insults can increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorder such as bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia later in life. We investigated whether Valeriana fauriei (VF) treatment alleviates prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and social interaction impairment induced by maternal immune activation (MIA). Methods and Results: Pregnant mice were exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (5 mg/kg, viral infection mimic) on gestational day 9. The adolescent offspring received daily oral treatment with VF (100 mg/kg) and injections of clozapine (5 mg/kg) for 30 days starting on the postnatal day 35. The effects of VF extract treatment on behavioral activity impairment and protein expression were investigated using the PPI analysis, forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and immunohistochemistry. The MIA-induced offspring showed deficits in the PPI, FST, OFT, and SIT compared to their non MIA-induced counterparts. Treatment with the VF extract significantly recovered the sensorimotor gating deficits and partially recovered the aggressive behavior observed in the SIT. The VF extract also reversed the downregulation of protein expression induced by MIA in the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our results provide initial evidence of the fact that the VF extract could reverse MIA-induced behavioral impairment and prevent neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Various extracts of higher plants have been used in traditional medicine systems for centuries. While tropical and sub-tropical plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity, temeperate plants have always been neglected somewhat. Similarly, seeds of the plants have not been considered seriously compared to other plant parts, e.g. leaves, stems, roots, flowers, etc. as a potential source for biologically active compounds. As part of our on-going evaluation of the extracts of the seeds of temperate plants, especially from Scotland, for biological activity, Achillea millefolium, Angelica sylvestris and Phleum pratense have been chosen for the present study. Both A. millefolium and A. sylvestris are well known for their traditional medicinal uses in Europe and also in the orient, but there is no report on any medicinal properties of P. pratense available to date. Extracts of the seeds of these plants have been assessed for their antioxidant and antibacterial potential and also for general toxicity. Both DCM and MeOH extracts of A. millefolium showed the most significant broad spectrum antibacterial activity among the three plants and inhibited the growth of almost all test strains of bacteria. The DCM extracts of all three species were active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Citrobacter freundii $(MIC=6.25{\times}10^{-1}\;mg/mL)$. While the MeOH extracts of A. millefolium and P. pratense were active against C. freundii, that of P. pratense was also active against MRSA. The MeOH extract of A. sylvestris did not show any antibacterial activity against any of the eight bacterial strains at test concentrations. The MeOH extract of P. pratense showed the most prominent antioxidant activity $(IC_{50}=145\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and there was no antioxidant activity observed with the DCM extract of A. millefolium. The DCM extract of P. pratense was the most toxic $(LC_{50}=20\;{\mu}g/ml)$ among the extracts.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.569-581
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• 2016

본 연구는 독거노인을 대상으로 뉴로피드백 훈련과 뇌체조 그리고 한방차를 병행한 통합요법을 적용하여 독거노인의 뇌기능 향상 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 단일군 전후 설계인 실험 연구이다. 2014년 12월 22일부터 2015년 2월 28일까지 8주 동안, Y군에 거주하는 65세~90세의 독거노인 23명(남 10명, 여 13명)을 대상으로 뉴로피드백 훈련은 2 Channel Neurofeedback System을 이용하여 이완 집중 기억력을 중심으로, 뇌체조는 한국정신과학연구소에서 개발한 뇌체조 프로그램을 이용하여 각각 1회 30분, 주 2회, 8주간, 16회를 하였다. 그리고 한방차는 동의보감과 여러 선행연구를 토대로 개발하여 조제한 한방차를 8주간, 매일, 하루 3잔 음용하도록 하였다. 그 결과 통합요법이 뇌기능지수 중 긴장도와 항스트레스 지수가 유의하게 변화하여 뇌기능 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다. 또한 삶의 질에서는 혈압과 혈당이 낮아지고, 삶의 질, 일상생활, 우울증상 등에서 유의미한 결과가 나왔다. 결론적으로 통합요법이 독거노인의 뇌기능 및 삶의 질을 의미 있게 향상 시킬 수 있음을 보여주었다. 그러므로 뉴로피드백 훈련, 뇌체조 및 한방차를 병행한 통합요법이 독거노인들의 삶의 질을 높이는데 반드시 필요한 중재요법이며, 보다 실질적이고 체계적으로 심신을 치유하여 삶의 질을 향상시키게 할 것이다.