• 고문화
• /
• 61호
• /
• pp.95-128
• /
• 2003

패총은 넓은 의미에서 본다면 취락을 구성하는 하나의 구성요소로서 패총에서 출토한 자료의 정보성은 취락인의 생계유형과 방식을 추론할 수 있는 가장 적절한 유적이다. 이 글은 패총이 함유한 여러 정보 가운데에 가장 기본적인 층위에 대하여 살펴보았다. 패총의 층위범주는 인간행위에 의하여 퇴적된 층을 기준으로 패분층, 혼토패층, 패각층, 점토층으로 구분하였다. 다음은 층위의 유형분류로서 평면 및 수직적인 퇴적의 정형성을 알아보기 위해 평면적인 퇴적 유형은 독립 구릉의 비탈진 곳의 여러 장소 퇴적된 점재 I형, 산지에서 연결되는 구릉사면의 몇몇 장소에 분포하는 점재II형, 주거지 주변에 한 개소에 패총이 분포하는 단독형으로 분류하였고, 수직최적 유형은 패총이 형성되는 지표의 모양새에 따라 구지표를 이용한 경우, 선대 유구상면을 이용한 경우, 인위적으로 굴착한 구덩이에 퇴적되는 유형으로 구분하였다. 층위형성은 퇴적물 폐기장소에 따라 달라질 개연성이 높음을 알 수 있고, 그 사례로 층위의 근간을 이루는 패분층, 혼토패층, 패각층, 점토층에 대하여 퇴적물의 구성요소와 형성원인에 대하여 검토하였다. 마지막으로 어떠한 형태의 패총과 규모가 한 지역을 대표할 수 있는가를 알아보기 위하여 김해지역과 창원지역을 비교검토하였는데, 한 지역을 대표할 수 있는 패총의 입지는 구릉 정상부에 위치하여야 하고, 패총 주변에 생산활동과 대내 및 대외 교류가 양호한 지형여건이 갖추어져야 함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 패총이 점재형으로 형성되어 규모와 조성시점이 장기간이어야 하며, 또한 패총을 포함한 복합유적이어야 한다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.55.3-55.3
• /
• 2017

The L1641 cloud in Orion is an active site of star formation. We mapped a square region of 60 arcmin by 60 arcmin in the continuum emission from 0.89 mm to 2.0 mm wavelength using MUSIC mounted on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory 10.4 m telescope. Eight sources were detected in at least two wavelength bands, and all the detected emission comes from thermal dust continuum radiation of dense cloud cores. Their spectral energy distributions were characterized. The dust emissivity spectral index is beta = 1.3 on average, within the range of typical cores in nearby star-forming regions. Two cores, V380 Ori NE and HH 34 MMS, have unusually low emissivity index of beta = 0.3. These cores may contain millimeter-sized dust grains, which suggests that the lifetime of some dense cores can be much longer than the free-fall timescale.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.256-260
• /
• 1993

DNA subfragments, sopA, sopB and sopC which help to maintain the stability of an ori C plasmid, were derived from a mini-F plasmid DNA (EcoRI restriction fragment f5) after digestion with restriction endonuclease, and cloned in the vector plasmid pBR322. The recombinant plasmids obtained were introduced into E. coli KY7231 and E. coli CSR603 strains, and proteins specified by the mini-F fragments were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Two proteins encoded by the F fragments were detected, and their molecular weights were 41,000 and 37,000 daltons. Fluorography after one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis of the lysates showed that these two proteins had been overproduced in the cells which were allowed to incorporate radioactive amino acid after plasmid amplification by chloramphenicol treatment. The isoelectric points of sopA and sopB proteins were 6.6 and 7.0, respectively.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 1993

Transgenic animals have become an important tool in the basic and applied sectors of genetic and biomedical sciences. In particular transgenes provide clear-cut markers in the spatial and temporal analysis of developing embryos for the understanding of developmental mechanisms. For the long-term use of plasmid vector in a particular purpose it would be necessary to develop one's own vector system which can be properly expressed in eukaryotic system. Plasmids were constructed from ori region of pUC19 and early region of SV40 through various steps. LacZ gene coding for $\beta$-galactosides was fused to early gene of SV40 in translational in-frame. Poly(A) tailing site of SV40 was inserted at the 3' lacZ so that initiation, elongation and terminatin be controlled by SV40 transcription (pSS4). Biological function of the constructed pSS4 was demonstrated via microinjection of the plasmid into fertilized loach eggs and subsequent detection of $\beta$-galactosidase in developing embryos. The result indicate that the newly constructed pSS4 is functional in a eukaryotic system in vivo. Thus pSS4 may be used as an efficient tool for the study of embryogenesis and a basic carrier for various genes for animal transgenesis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2003

Object : The purpose of this study is to report vomiting patient with medullary infarction, who improved by additional Kwan-Won herbal acupuncture. Method : We have treated the patient with Kwan-Won acupuncture and other Oriental Medical treatment. The effect was and evaluated by progress of symtoms and Mcgill Nausea Question(MNQ) that consists of Nausea Rating Index(NRI), Overall Nausea Index(ONI) and Visual Anlogue Scale(VAS). Result : After 6th times of treatment, nausea and vomiting was disappeared. In the score of MNQ, NRI score changed from 19 to 1, ORI score from 5 to 1 and VAS score from 10 to 0. Conclusion : These results suggest that Kwan-Won herbal acupuncture and other Oriental Medical treatment have good effect on severe vomiting. But further studies are required.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.297-301
• /
• 2002

High-speed machining generates concenter thermal/frictional damage at the cutting ed rapidly decreases the tool life. This paper I at determining the effect of cutter orienter the cutting environment on tool life, tool mechanism when down milling. In this paper, experiments were carried out in various tool and cutting environments, such as dry, wet compressed chilled air, tool life were measu evaluate machinability in high-speed milli difficult-to-cut material and die steel, Tool measured in horizontal upwards, horiz downwards, vertical upwards and vert downwards. In addition, tool life was measur dry, wet and compressed chilled air. For this a compressed chi1led-air system was manufact The results show that a horizontal cutter ori provided a longer tool life than a vertical orientation. With respect to the cutting envi compressed chilled air increased tool life. H the wet condition decreased tool life due thermal shock caused by excessive cooling high-speed mill ins and the compressed chilled had little effect.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2023

This work presents four high-amplitude variable YSOs (≃3 mag at near- or mid-IR wavelengths) arising from the SPICY catalog. Three outbursts show a duration that is longer than 1 year, and are still ongoing. And additional YSO brightened over the last two epochs of NEOWISE observations and the duration of the outburst is thus unclear. Analysis of the spectra of the four sources confirms them as new members of the eruptive variable class. We find two YSOs that can be firmly classified as bona fide FUors and one object that falls in the V1647 Ori-like class. Given the uncertainty in the duration of its outburst, an additional YSO can only be classified as a candidate FUor. Continued monitoring and follow-up of these particular sources is important to better understand the accretion process of YSOs.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 1995

Using a mutant M13 phage derivative lacking a great part of the complementary strand synthesis origin, we identified six single-strand initiation (ssi) signals for DNA replication in pACYC184, pLG214, pGKV21, and pDPT270 plasmids, and named them $ssiA_{YC}$, $ssiA_{LG}$, $ssiB_{LG}$, $ssiA_{KV}$, $ssiA_{PT}$, and $ssiB_{PT}$, respectively. Two of them were from pDPT270, one from downstream the on of pACYC184, two from pLG214, one from upstream the plus origin of pGKV21. Introduction of these ssi signals into the deleted $ori_c$ site of a mutant filamentous M13 phage ($M13{\Delta}lac182$) resulted in the restoration of growth activity of this phage. These ssi signals were classified into a number of groups on the basis of sequence similarity. $ssiA_{YC}$ and $ssiA_{LG}$ show extensive sequence homology to the n'-site (primosome assembly sites) of ColE1, whereas $ssiB_{PT}$ is homologous to the n'-site of ${\Phi}X174$. $ssiA_{PT}$ belongs to G4-type ssi signals which require only dnaG primase and SSB protein for the priming of replication. In addition, possible biological roles of these ssi signals are discussed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2003

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (TK) has been widely used for suicidal gene therapy in combination with nucleoside analogs such as ganciclovir (GCV). The use of HSV-TK is limited due to the side effect of GCV at high concentrations. Previous studies showed that stable transfectants of mutant HSV-TK with enhanced affinity to GCV were killed at lower GCV concentrations. In this study, we tested whether mutant HSV-TK can provide enhanced suicidal effect when transiently transfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid. EBV-based plasmid which contains OriP and EBNA-1 sequence is well known for a stable episomal maintenance in human cells. Optimal transfection condition was assessed for SNU-638 gastric cancer cell line using polyetylnimine (PEI). Maximum transfection efficiency was achieved when DNA:PEI was 1:3 (w/v). Cytotoxicities of mutant and wild type HSV-TK were compared before and after partially selecting transfected cells. The cells were sensitive to $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ hygromycin. Following GCV treatment, more cells were killed after hygromycin selection than before selection. The mutant HSV-TK showed enhanced cytotoxicity compared with the wild type HSV-TK. Our results suggest that the EBV-based plasmid encoding mutant HSV-TK may be useful to treat the diseases caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.369-389
• /
• 2011

Changes in ecosystem risks were evaluated using the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment (EBFA) approach of Zhang et al. (2009, 2010) and the comprehensive ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) plan was made for the southern sea of Korea in this study. The risk assessment of the southern sea ecosystem was conducted by establishing ecosystem management objectives and by estimating risk scores (RS) for indicators. To conduct this analysis a number of indicators and their reference points for assessing these risk scores were developed in this study. The number of indicators in the risk analysis was 28 for the quantitative tier 1 analysis and 30 for the qualitative tier 2 analysis. The objective risk index (ORI), species risk index (SRI) and fisheries risk index (FRI) were calculated from the risk scores. Comparing the past (1988) and the current (2008) status of fisheries resources, management implications were discussed. The fishery risk index (FRI) of large purse seine fishery in the southern sea of Korea decreased substantially from 0.972 in 1988 to 0.883 in 2008, and improvement in the management of fisheries operated in the southern sea of Korea.