• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.183-183
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• 2003

In recent years, organophosphorous (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. Consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorous pesticides through several food groups in which a significant amount of pesticide residues have been found.(omitted)

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.2 s.38
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• pp.180-188
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• 1992

The effects of multiple exposures to pesticides on plasma cholinesterase(ChE) activities and urinary p-nitrophenol excretion were evaluated in rats. Rats were received single dose i.p. with $LD_{50}/100(mg/kg)$ of organophosphorous(OP), organophosphorous-organochroline(OP-OC), organophosphorous-carbamate(OP-CAB), organophosphorous-organoarsenate(OP-OA) pesticides for 4 consecutive days. In repeated administration of pesticides, plasma ChE activities were decreased, but urinary p-nitrophenol were increased after the first injection and then decreased gradually The recovery rates of ChE activities and p-nitrophenol excretion at 48 hours after the fourth Injection were delayed in comparision with the baseline value of 24 hours before the first injection. Statistical significances were found between OP and other groups except OP-OA group after the second injection in plasma ChE activities, but in urinary p-nitrophenol excretion there was statistical significance only between OP and OP-CAB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.78-79
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• 2003

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture and houses in recent years because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. As a result, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups including meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, dried foods, and most processed food in which a significant amount of pesticide residues have been found.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.176-186
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• 2006

Distribution characteristics of organophosphorous pesticides(OPs) in water and suspended particles were studied in Asan Bay, Korea, from June 2004 to October 2005. 28 organophosphorous pesticides could be detected in Asan Bay during this study. The most commonly and abundantly measured OPs in the surface waters were IBP (max=$6,343.7ng\;l^{-1}$). DDVP, diazionon, ethoprophos and methidathion were also observed at relatively high concentrations. Their maximum concentrations exceeded $100ng\;l^{-1}$ in almost every month. Malathion, mevinphos, ph orate and chlorfenvinphos were also detected at relatively high concentrations. Many OPs more frequently appeared in summer than in winter due to the intensive application of pesticides in summer months. The concentration of OPs generally decreased with increasing distance from the mouth of Asan Bay. This result implies progressive dilution of these pesticides in the marine environment. Measured concentrations of diazinon were well below $20,000ng\;l^{-1}$ which is a limit set by the seawater quality standard of Korea. The concentrations of malathion and parathion in the surface waters of Asan Bay did not exceed the seawater quality standard of Korea($250,000\;and\;60,000ng\;l^{-1}$ respectively). OPs adsorbed on suspended particles were also studied. DDVP, phorate, stirofos, EPN, azinphos-methyl and IBP had higher adsorption capacity onto suspended particles than other pesticides. Calculated pesticide-particle adsorption coefficient($K_d-particle$) for samples collected in Asan Bay were closely related to the reported pesticides-soil adsorption coefficient ($K_d-soil$).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.4 s.51
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• pp.297-302
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the standard method for the analysis of organophosphorous pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and parathion in blood. We performed method validation for these pesticides in blood according to EURACHEM (A focus For Analytical Chemistry in Europe) guide. For the analysis of the pesticides, we used solid-phase extraction ,column (Waters Oasis $HLB^{(R)}$. After the extraction, the supernatants were evaporated to dryness under the nitrogen stream. They were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after reconstituting with ethanol. Terbufos was used as an internal standard. To validate this method, we performed verification procedures with the following parameters: selectivity, linearity of calibration, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantification. Validation data according to Eurachem guide were adequate for our purpose for the analysis of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and parathion in blood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Distribution characteristics of organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) were studied over the period from May to September, 2006 in Asan Bay, Korea. During the study period, 28 kinds of organophosphorous pesticides dissolved in surface water and adsorbed on suspended particle were measured. In the surface water, the dominant OPs were IBP and DDVP, and the concentration were in the ranges from not detected to 2014.4 ng/L for IBP and 3.2 to 696.3 ng/L for DDVP. The highest concentrations of OPs in the surface waters in Asan Bay appeared in July and August showing that seasonal distributions of OPs depend on application time and precipitation. The concentrations of OPs generally decreased with the increase of distance from the mouth of Asan Bay, implying progressive dilution of pesticides in the estuarine system. OPs residue in Asan Bay was relatively higher than in other area of Korea. The concentrations of the observed OPs concentrations did not exceed the seawater quality standard of Korea. DDVP, IBP, Diazinon, Phorate, Azinphos ethyl and Chlorfenvinfos had higher adsorption capacity onto suspended particle than the other OPs. In the study area, adsorption coefficients $(K_d)$ of OPs were closely related to the Log $K_ow$ of each compound.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.78-79
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• 2003

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1990

Eleven water samples were analyzed for organophosphorous pesticides in Suncheon Bay with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. For the first time in Korea, Kitazin-P was found in marine environment and the concentrations ranged upto 2.2mg/l. The regional and temporal variations of the pesticide were also studied.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2010

Distribution of organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) was studied from February to September 2008 in the seawater of Asan Bay, Korea. Among the 29 types of OPs detected during the study period, IBP(S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate), ranging from <1 ng/l to 377 ng/l, was the most abundant. Other commonly observed OPs concentrations in the study area included diazinon (Diethyl 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothionate; <1~307 ng/l), azinphos ethyl (3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-3-benzotriazinylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate; <1~1997 ng/l), malathion (1,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,Odimethyl phosphordithioates; <1~3013 ng/l), demeton-O (Diethyl 2-(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorothionate; <1~2403 ng/l), and DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; <1~283 ng/l). Seasonal distribution of OPs in seawater is dependent on the OP application period. In August, OPs concentrations were generally decreased with the increased salinity of seawater, implying progressive dilution of pesticides in the estuarine system. OPs were deposited into Asan Bay from Asan and Sabkyo Lakes as well as surrounding tributaries. Ten OPs, including diazinon, were detected in the suspended particles of Asan Bay.