• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.831-837
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• 1997

Response surface methodology(RSM) was applied in roasting processes of Polygonatum odoratum roots in order to monitor Hunter color parameters and to optimize organoleptic properties of the tea. In roasting processing based on the central composite design with variations in roasting temperature (110~19$0^{\circ}C$) and roasting time(15~75min), coefficients of determinations($R^{2}$) of the models were above 0.9827(p<0.01) in Hunter color parameters and above 0.7748 in organoleptic properties. Hunter color L and $\Delta$E values of the powdered samples decreased with the roasting processes, whereas Hunter color a and b values increased up to around 59 min at 136$^{\circ}C$ and thereafter showed a decreased tendency. Organoleptic qualities on color, taste and aroma of Polygonatum odoratum tea were improved along with roasting processes, thereby estimating the optimum roasting conditions by RSM for the maximized qualities of organoleptic properties as a range from 127$^{\circ}C$ to 135$^{\circ}C$ and from 60min to 66 min. Hunter color a value(redness) was found to generate a similar response surface to that of organoleptic properties, showing the possibility of quality index in roasting processes of Polygonatum odoratum roots.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1995

Organoleptic qualities were evaluated putting emphasis on flavor and color of white ginseng powders which were treated with ethylene oxide(EO) and gamma radiation(5, 10kGy) for microbial decontaminations. Immediately after treatments, there was no significant changes in the overall flavor and color of the samples between the nontreated control and both treatments. The color of even airtight-packaged samples, however, was changed(p<0.05) after 7 months of storage at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ when treated with EO and 10 kGy. These changes in color were confirmed by the instrumental determinations for the stored samples. Thus, it can be proposed that gamma Irradiation below 10kGy combined with airtight packaging is required for keeping the organoleptic quality of white ginseng powders for more than 6 months of storage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 1998

Electron beam, electrically produced from an electron accelerator, was compared with gamma energy in terms of its influence on color and organoleptic qualities of ginseng powders when exposed to the energy used for their microbial decontamination. Hunter color L and b values were suitable for measuring color characteristics of ginseng powders, which were not significantly changed by the exposure to 5 to 7.5 kGy electron beam and gamma energy. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of irradiated ginseng powders at 10 key showed negligible differences from the non-irradiated control in the pattern of absorption spectra at 280∼800 am, but showed increased values in overall color difference (AE) as compared with powdered samples. Irradiation more than 10 kGy and storage at ambient temperature for 4 months caused browning of powdered samples. Irradiation at more than 10 kGy of electron beam was found a critical level to bring about appreciable changes (p<0.05) in or-ganoleptic qualities such as color and odor of sterilized samples, and red ginseng powder was more susceptible than white one to organoleptic changes by irradiation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1999

Comparative effects of phosphine fumigation and gamma irradiation were evaluated on the qualities of white ginseng prepacked in a commercial laminated film in terms of water absorption, Hunter color parameters(L, a, b) and organoleptic properties(overall color/appearance, flavor) during 6 months of storage at ambient(20oC, 70% RH) and accelerated(40oC, 90% RH) conditions. Moisture content of packed white ginseng(initial 8.44%) linearly increased with storage period, thereby reaching to about 10% (r=0.9966) in ambient and more than 15%(r=0.9886) in accelerated conditions, respectively, at the 6th month of storage. The storage at severe conditions resulted in remarkable changes in Hunter's color values, decrease in whiteness(L) and increase in redness(a) and yellowness(b), while both treatments, phosphine and irradiation less than 5kGy, did not cause any significant changes in color parameters. Phosphine fumigation was shown detrimental to overall flavor of white ginseng(p<0.01), however or ganoleptic qualities of stored samples were effectively maintained by irradiation less than 5kGy(p< 0.05). As the index on the guality of white ginseng stored at severe conditions its organoleptic quality was highly correlated with moisture content(r= 0.9777) and Hunter color values(over 0.9), suggesting the critical values of 15.5% moisture and 72.56, 7.15, 21.45 in Hunter's L, a, b values, respectively.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.309-315
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• 1998

The optimum recipe of persimmon chokochujang using persimmon vinegar and kochujang was established by four-dimensional response surface methodology. The organoleptic color of persimmon chokochujang showed maximum score in 18.16g of persimmon vinegar, 5.58g of garlic and 1.62 g of sucrose. The organoleptic aroma of persimmon chokochujang showed macimum score in 18.19g of persimmon vinegar, 4.57g of garlic and 2.06g of sucrose. The organoleptic taste of persimmon chokochujang showed maximum score in 19.28g of persimmon vinegar, 4.97g of garlic and 2.34g of sucrose. The organoleptic color of persimmon chokochujang showed maximum score in 18.81g of persimmon vinegar, 4.81g of garlic and 2.65g of sucrose. Optimum mixing ranges for organoleptic properties of persimmon chokkochujang were 18.25~19.25g of persimmon vinegar, 4.60~5.00g of garlic and 2.06~2.65g of sucrose.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1998

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing preparation conditions and monitoring the quality of buckwheat mook prepared using buckwheat starch. The textures(hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and gumminess) of buckwheat mook were decreased in inverse proportion to the increase of water content. the L and b values of Hunter color parameters in buckwheat mook were increased in proportion to the increase of water content. However, The a value of Hunter color parameters of buckwheat mook were decreased in inverse proportion to the increase of water content. Organoleptic properties(color, form, taste and mouth-feel) of buckwheat mook showed a maximum score in 700ml(water content), 14min(gelatinization time)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.661-666
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• 2005

The specific objectives of this study were to dry yam chips using microwave vacuum drying, freeze drying and hot air drying, then to coat the dried yam chips with ascorbic acid cocrystallized sucrose, and finally to compare the quality of yam chip snack foods with respect to drying and coating characteristics. The microwave vacuum dried sample showed the highest drying rates and much less surface damage than the hot air dried one did. The shape and color of the microwave vacuum dried/coated sample were allocated between those of the freeze dried/coated sample and the hot air dried/coated sample. The freeze dried/coated sample scored excessively low in organoleptic hardness and chewiness to be suitable as a snack. The hot air dried/coated sample was too deep in color, wrinkled, excessively high in organoleptic hardness and chewiness, and excessively low in mouthfeeling. Therefore, the microwave vacuum dried/coated sample presented the best overall attributes as a snack, with respect to organoleptic characteristics, shape, color, and drying rates.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2003

건조감귤을 제조하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 건조온도 및 건조시간에 따른 수분함량, 적정산도, 기계적 색도 및 관능적 특성을 중심합성실험계획으로 반응표면분석을 실시하였다. 수분함량, 황색도 및 관능적인 색상의 경우 건조온도에 영향을 많이 받으며, 건조온도가 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도의 경우 건조시간에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 관능적인 향 및 맛의 경우 건조온도 및 건조시간에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 관능적인 맛의 경우 건조온도 67.56$^{\circ}C$ 및 건조시간 8.06 hr으로 건조할 때 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2013

복분자 추출물을 이용하여 과립차를 제조하고자 가공특성을 조사하였다. 복분자 추출물과 당 및 산을 적용하여 추출물 함량($X_1$, 0.4~1.2 g), 당 함량($X_2$, 6~10 g) 및 구연산 함량($X_3$, 0.1~0.3 g)의 비율로 혼합하여 과립에 관능적 특성 및 Hunter's color를 반응표면분석을 통하여 모니터링 하였다. 색상에 대한 가장 우수한 관능평점을 나타내는 배합비는 추출물 함량 0.96 g, 당 함량 7.05 g 및 구연산 함량 0.232 g이었다. 관능적으로 가장 우수한 향미를 나타내는 배합비는 추출물 함량 0.86 g, 당 함량 6.04 g 및 구연산 함량 0.215 g이었다. 관능적으로 가장 우수한 맛을 나타내는 배합비는 추출물 함량 0.92 g, 당 함량 6.39 g 및 구연산 함량 0.251 g이었다. 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높은 배합비는 추출물 함량 0.86 g, 당 함량 6.65 g 및 구연산 함량 0.272 g이었다. Hunter's color b값의 반응표면은 전반적인 기호도의 반응표면과 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 복분자 과립차의 Hunter's color와 기호도는 Hunter's color a값 6.0, 복분자 추출물 함량 0.8 g 및 당 함량 0.6 g에서 선호되었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) powder contains several bioactive com- pounds and is widely used in the food industry. In this study, we examined the sensory attributes (taste, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability) of commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir containing different concentrations of R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus powder. The organoleptic characteristics of commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir was significantly different with respect to taste, flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability in the treated group (1%, 2%. 3%. and 4%) compared to the control (0%; p<0.05). In addition, the scores of taste, flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability decreased in proportion to the increase in amount of radish-powder in commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir. When 1% R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus powder was added to commercially available milk, yoghurt, and kefir, they showed good results in organoleptic characteristics compared to the control group. Therefore, our results could be used as the basis for estimating changes in organoleptic characteristics on supplementation of various dairy products with R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus.