• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2000

2001년부터 정수장에서 발생하는 유기성오니의 직매립이 금지됨에 따라 이의 처리비용이 매우 증가할 것으로 판단되어 본 연구에서는 정수장 슬러지를 Chemical 및 Hydrothermal법을 사용하여 농업 및 임업용 비료로 재활용 할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 진행하였고, 그 결과 두 방법 모두 유기물 및 유해 중금속을 제거할 수 있었으며 안정화된 무기질 비료를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 1985

Sewage sludge를 시용하지 않은 토양(W), 6년간 시용한 토양($WS_6$), Swedge sludge와 토양의 혼합물을 1 주일동안 incubation한 토양( $WS_1$), 그리고 Sewage sludge (SS)로부터 각각 수용성 유기물을 추출, 정제하고 원소분석, 작용기분석을 함과 동시에 IR, UV-VIS, NMR spectroscopy에 의하여 구조적 특성을 조사하였다. SS는 W보다 H, N, P 함량이 많아서 높은 H/C비와 낮은 C/N비로 특징지워 졌으며 total acidity, carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group 함량의 경우 일반적으로 SS가 가장 높았고 그 다음이 $WS_6$, $WS_1$, 그리고 W가 가장 낮았다. Aromatic character나 aromatic carboxyl group 함량은 W가 가장 크고 SS가 가장 적었으며, Aliphatic proton, aliphatic carboxyl group 함량은 SS가 가장 많고 W가 가장 적었다. 단백질 분해산물은 SS에서 풍부했고 W에서는 검출되지 않았다. NMR spectra는 SS의 수소가 W보다 다양한 functional group에 결합되어 있다는 것을 보여 주었으며 aromatic proton의 구조적 주변환경도 SS가 가장 복잡하고 그 다음이 $WS_1$, $WS_6$, 그리고 W가 비교적 단순함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2004

본 연구는 하수슬러지를 토양개량재로 적용에 따른 세 가지 유기인계 농약 Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos의 흡착특성에 관하여 분석하였다. 유기인계 농약 흡착시험 결과, 농약 흡착 등온식은 Freundlich 식이 잘 맞았다. Freundlich 상수 중 하나인 N은 모든 농약에서 1에 가까운 수치를 보였으나, 유기물 함량이 증가할수록 Freundlich 상수값인 N 값은 감소하였다. 또한 Freundlich식에서 흡착능을 나타내는 K값은 농약의 물에 대한 용해도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, 토양에 슬러지를 첨가한 시료에서는(Soil-Sludge) 토양내 유기물 함량의 증가로 농약 흡착량은 슬러지가 첨가되지 않은 시료(A-Soil)에 비해 2∼4배 정도 증가하였다. 토양층을 모사한 토양 컬럼에서 농약의 용출 특성은 물에 대한 용해도가 큰 농약일수록 용출 비율은 증가하였다. 또한 토양에 슬러지가 첨가됨에 따라 토양내 유기물 함량 증가하면 토양에서 농약 흡착량이 증가되어 농약이 토양하층으로 침투가 억제, 농약의 용탈 정도가 감소하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1434-1443
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• 2019

Although chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an important issue for wastewater treatment, COD reduction with microalgae has been less studied compared to nitrogen or phosphorus removal. COD removal is not efficient in conventional wastewater treatment using microalgae, because the algae release organic compounds, thereby finally increasing the COD level. This study focused on enhancing COD removal and meeting the effluent standard for discharge by optimizing sludge inoculation timing, which was an important factor in forming a desirable algae/bacteria consortium for more efficient COD removal and higher biomass productivity. Activated sludge has been added to reduce COD in many studies, but its inoculation was done at the start of cultivation. However, when the sludge was added after 3 days of cultivation, at which point the COD concentration started to increase again, the algal growth and biomass productivity were higher than those of the initial sludge inoculation and control (without sludge). Algal and bacterial cell numbers measured by qPCR were also higher with sludge inoculation at 3 days later. In a semi-continuous cultivation system, a hydraulic retention time of 5 days with sludge inoculation resulted in the highest biomass productivity and N/P removal. This study achieved a further improved COD removal than the conventional microalgal wastewater treatment, by introducing bacteria in activated sludge at optimized timing.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.961-969
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• 2002

This study was performed : 1) to establish the experimental analysis conditions for the sorption and desorption of toxic organic contaminants to/from the activated sludge, sediment, and clay, and 2) to determine the sorption and desorption equilibrium coefficients of some representative halogenated aliphatic compounds. Through the preliminary sorption test using Azo dye, a setting of quantitative experimental conditions to determine the sorption and desorption characteristics was decided as follows; equilibration time of 180 minutes, centrifuge for 15 minutes at 5000$\times$g, and 500mg/$\ell$ of TOC concentration. The sorption and desorption characteristics of halogenated aliphatic compounds onto activated sludge, sediment and clay could be described very well using the Freundlich isotherm. The preference of the average sorption capacity of the overall compounds showed in the sequence sediment 0.26mg/g, clay 0.23mg/g, and activated sludge 0.11 mg/g. The desorption rate of the sorbed compounds onto activated sludge, sediment and clay was approximately 89.8%, 35.3%, and 66.4%, respectively.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This study on the incineration ash and sintering pellet from sewage sludge was carried out to evaluate the possibility of recycling in sewage sludge disposal. The samples used in this experiment were raw sewage sludge, its incineration ash, and sintering pellet. The characteristics of the three sample types were identified using X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP). The chemical compositions of all three sample types were similar in their clay component, however, the sewage sludge had a high content of organic materials. From an analysis of the mineral content of the three sample types, the conversion of their compositions was found to be relative to temperature. Accordingly, incineration ash and sintering pellet both have potential for use as a functional construction material.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1994

This experiment was carried our in order to study effect of alum sludge compost of water treat-ment plant on the growth of Korean lawngrass (zoysia japonica Steud.) and on the change of soil chemical properties. Alum sludge compost was made out of chicken feces, sawdust and alum sludge. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Alum sludge compost was appropriate for organic fertilizer of turfgrass management in golf course. 2.Application of alum sludge compost improved the chemical properties of soil such as pH, available phosphorous and exchangeable calcium. Also the growth of Korean lawngrass grown by the mixed application of alum and compost was more effective than that in single application of compost. 3.Chlorophyll content of Korean lawngrass had no differences in several treatments. 4. Alum promoted the uptake of potassium, calcium and the yield of dry weight hut the yield of dry weight was not affected by chemical fertilizer. 5.Alumimum toxicity was decreased by the mixed application of alum and compost but increased by single application of alum.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1998

In this research, Effect of C/N ratio on nutrient removal in intermittently aerated activated sludge system(IAASS) was investigated with dormitary, building and swine wastewater. Three types (2-stage, 4-stage, modified) of IAASS were operated. Time interval of aeration/nonaeration in IAASS was 1hr/1hr. In treatment of Dormitary wastewater(BOD/T-N ratio : 4.4), Building wastewater (BOD/T-N ratio : 3.14) and swine wastewater(BOD/T-N ratio : 3.84), Nitrogen removal efficiency of 80, 70 and 90.4% was achieved, respectively. Nitrogen removal in IAASS was a great influenced on influent C/N ratio, efficient nitrogen removal was achieved at BOD/T-N ratio over 4. In IAASS operation, $\Delta $BOD mg/L/$\Delta $ nitrogen mg/L ratio was about 4-6. Simultaneous removal of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus in IAASS can achieved. And influent organic was efficiently utilized in denitrification. IAASS could be one of the best alternative process for the retrofit of conventional activated sludge system for the removal of nutrients.

• Carbon letters
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• 제1권3_4호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2001

Composite adsorbents were prepared by mixing water plant sludge with phenolic resin having the ratio of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3 respectively, curing from $100^{\circ}C$ to $170^{\circ}C$ under $N_2$ atmosphere, and then activating with $N_2$ at $700^{\circ}C$. Thermal property, specific surface area and morphology of the composite adsorbents as well as their precursors were measured by TGA, BET and SEM respectively. Removal efficiency of the composite adsorbents to ${NH_4}^+$ and TOC was compared with those of commercial zeolite and activated carbon. The adsorbents presented very promising TOC removal efficiency of 98%, which was identical level to that of commercial activated carbon while they displayed removal efficiency, only 32%, of ${NH_4}^+$. Therefore, this composite adsorbent considered as the alternative material of commercial activated carbon, used as an expensive removal agent of organic substances and THM in water treatment plant and it also suggested a possibility of practical application in other processes.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.682-688
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• 1999

We threat sludge by heating methods with low pollution and high efficiency. Organic and inorganic components in Sludge can be almost removed through the heaging treatment process, and thefinal products are called artifical aoil or artificial media which are depended on temperature control. It can be recycled on the agricultural sites. Because it contained sort of organic matters while high heaging process with addition. To use them as agricultural materials, it need to know their characteristic transform in the nature. So we have planting bean and corn for two years with standard planting methods and to anticipate changing characteristics of artificial media and artificial soil by staying it natural condition, analyze it physical and chemical characteristics. This study will be contributed to reduce mass enviornmental problems by the treatment of Sludge and make it possible application for a agriculture use.