• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of volatile organic compounds at elementary, middle, and high schools in Ulsan and its surroundings. Methods: To assess the hazardous chemicals of the 66 classrooms in the 22 schools, the 6 volatile organic compounds such as TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds), benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and stylene were measured and analyzed from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2009. Results: The mean concentrations of TVOCs in the elementary schools were higher than those of middle and high schools, and multi-purpose classrooms was higher than that in general ones. The benzene and toluene level in schools in Dong-Gu in the vicinity of assorted industrial complexes was higher than that of schools located in other districts around the Ulsan Metropolitan Area. Conclusion: In case of schools in Ulsan Metropolitan Area, elementary school, schools in Dong-Gu, and multipurpose classrooms over general classrooms should be given a high priority for the management of volatile organic compounds.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde of newly-built school classroom indoor air on the neurobehavioral functions of students. The elementary schools that were opened in September 2008(as of September 2008) was selected for newly-built school and the elementary school that were opened in March 2006 was selected for control group schools. The concentration of formaldehyde(HCHO), a hazardous organic compound that exists in the air of classrooms, exceeded the standard value of $108.2{\mu}g/m^3$ in newly-built schools while it was $60.8{\mu}g/m^3$ in control group schools, which is around 60% of the standard concentration. However, the concentration of the total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) was $788.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $756.1{\mu}g/m^3$ in newly-built schools and control group schools respectively, which are approximately two times higher than the standard concentration. In newly-built schools, the mean reaction time of additions and symbol digit, respectively 3,020ms and 2,398ms in pre-exposure were increased to 3,167ms and 2,514ms respectively in post-exposure. The difference of mean reaction time between pre and post exposure was 146.8 ms, or 4.6%, and 116.7ms, or 4.8%, respectively, showing statistically-significant increase of reaction time(p<0.05). On the contrary, the difference of reaction time of both tests were not statistically significant in the control group schools. These results showed that the neurobehavioral performance of newly-built schools students were affected by volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde of classroom indoor air.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2002

In the paper, the actual situation of Korean organic agriculture and its development history regards to basic skills of organic farming were reported. And an education for organic farming in the universities with schools of agriculture in European countries was also reported to deliver the information on the course of organic agriculture for Korean Universities facing the problem which have a lower admission competition than previous Year. The examination for organic engineer certificate which was introduced in 2001 and the proposed government research institute, so called "Research Center of Organic Agriculture" were also shortly discussed. In the conclusion, \circled1 the establishment of "research Center of Organic Agriculture" which should by attached RDA for the systematic approach of research for organic agriculture and the test of agricultural materials using for organic farming, \circled2 department of organic agriculture in the Universities with schools of agriculture to offer next generation an opportunity to learn an organic farming parallel to conventional farming, \circled3certification body system by third party, and \circled4 full support by Korean government and scientist society for "Asian Research Network of Organic Agriculture (ARNOA)" headquartered in Korea as international research organization were strongly suggested.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2002

This study is on the architectural planning of the secondary school for the future. It focuses on principles and directions of the architectural planning. There are two motivations on the change of education paradigm. The one is that educational philosophy changes and the other is that the knowledge based society has come. Now these affection factors put the education paradigm to be changed. These educational paradigm need to be analyzed from constructivism and educational informationage. Lastly, architectural principles and directions were analogized from educational directions. Architectural principles(6 elements) and directions(15 elements) have been proposed in this study. The conclusion of this study, architectural planning of educational facilities must be with those criteria for more characteristic schools and organic schools.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2005

The idea of the school networks for joint venture and use of school facilities is forming and using an organic network of schools that will communally share a group of facilities that are uniquely appropriate for each schools. Focused on two prominent cities of Northern Choongnam province, Cheonan and Asan city, the objective of this study is to present and exhibit the plans for joint venture and use of school facilities, and to use them as an example for other provincial cities within the nation where such renovation may be possible. The school networks is proposed based on units of 1 km radius around each site, that is named as small school network, in order to ease the communal use of the sidewalks by the residents and the facilities by the nearby schools. In Cheonan city, six small school networks were proposed, which will supply three to four elementary schools for an average of 50,000 people. On the other hand, Asan city, which showed shortages of elementary schools, three small school networks including the middle and high schools in addition to the elementary schools were proposed, that will provide three to six schools for an average of 30,000 people.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.66-90
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze primary causes of indoor air pollution, including carbon dioxide, minute dust, and total volatile organic compounds, for each room before the beginning of a class through the time of discharge after the end of the class in general classrooms, computer rooms, and science rooms of three newly-established schools that opened in 2006, examine properties of indoor air environment in each room by educational activities at school, and determine effective management schemes; the results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) As for implications for each item found in the mean for each place, since minute dust (PM10) was more likely to occur in time slots full of students' activities, such as a traveling class and a recess, than in the middle of a class and could be expected fully, it is necessary to make a scheme for cleaning in order to reduce minute dust within a room, for example, by usually using a vacuum cleaner indoors. 2) While carbon dioxide was expected to vary with the differences in the amount of breath between higher-graders and lower-graders in a general classroom but showed insignificant difference by grades, showing differences in pollution by four times at a maximum according to the opening of a window as expected, it is necessary to implement artificial or natural ventilation and take a positive measure, for example, by presenting a concrete ventilation scheme, in order to improve indoor air pollution at a room practice. 3) Total volatile organic compounds were found to exceed the standard by more than twice in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms of the schools because of building materials, furnitures including desks and chairs, panels and boards for environment beautification, and items which could be detected even from students' clothes; while a field directly-reading tool was used, obtaining high reliability for the results, it is necessary to apply an analytical method based on process test separately for actual correct measurement if a significantly great amount of total volatile organic compounds appear as compared with other schools due to measuring expenses and consecutive measurements. 4) Since formaldehyde (HCHO) was generally found to exceed the standard in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms, it is necessary to establish and operate a ventilator during a class in a computer room which requires airtightness and a science room in which an organic compound should be used for a class.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-74
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietitians or nutrition teachers' perception of sugar reduction and usage of sugars in school meal service. A survey was conducted for dietitians or nutrition teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools in Gyeonggi and Incheon. Survey data were analyzed according to the experience period and school types of dietitians or nutrition teachers. The numbers of subjects according to work experience period were 134 (44.2%) for <5 years, 68 (22.4%) for ${\geq}5$ and <10 years, and 101 (33.3%) for ${\geq}10years$. Among the subjects, 168 (55.4%) were nutrition teachers at kindergarten/elementary schools, and 135 (44.6%) were at middle/high/special schools. Perceptions of sugar reduction programs were higher in kindergarten/elementary schools than in middle/high/special schools. The perception of added sugar use increased with more work experience, and interest in sugar reduction was higher in kindergarten/elementary schools than in middle/high/special schools. Practice for added sugar reduction increased with more work experience, and the most common method for reducing sugar was use of natural sugars. The main reason for not reducing added sugars in school meals was due to preference. Nutritional education for students increased with more work experience and was higher in kindergarten/elementary schools than in middle/high/special schools. The major nutritional education methods were using school homepage (37.4%), sending family letters (37.4%), and using principle's discretion time (18.4%). Organic sugar and rice taffy were used more at kindergarten/elementary schools, and white sugar, brown sugar, and white syrup were used more at middle/high/special schools. The most common menu using added sugars was stir-fried dishes (stir-fried pork, chicken, and vegetables).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.865-873
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• 2007

Recently there has been more apprehensions about health and environment. Since the concern has been increased, it is realized that students need to study in comfort and clean environment, and plan to study in environmental friendly facilities. Hence it is needed for both indoor air quality performance evaluation and greening facilities in order to plan environmental friendly schools. Accordingly, this study analyzes the indoor air quality throughout field survey of schools to provide preliminary data to develop environmental friendly education facilities. This paper investigates and analyzes indoor environment standards and performances in schools. There will be included 15 existing schools and 5 newly built schools for survey in Seoul and Gyeonggi. Additionally, environmental problems are also investigated and analyzed by occupants' questionnaires through surveys.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.111-120
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to introduce the progress of health promoting schools in Korea and future tasks. Method: From 2009 to 2018, we reviewed the literature on health promotion schools in Korea conducted by the Ministry of Education Results: Over the past decade, Korean health promoting schools have operated from a minimum of 14 schools to a maximum of 98 schools each year. As a result of the effectiveness evaluation, it was found that the students had a positive influence not only on the health behavior but also on the whole school life. Under the organic cooperation of the Ministry of Education, the Office of Education, the Korean Educational Development Institute and the schools, consulting, provision of educational opportunities for teachers, promotion of good practices, and public relations support systems for generalization are well established. Conclusion: Promotion and support system for Korean health promoting schools are already well established. Nevertheless, there are limitations on the universalization of health promoting schools, so various attempts such as introduction of certification system should be continued to overcome them.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.57
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) in workplace, residential environments and schools has been concerned of people, scientists and related the public, and has recognized the healthy effectsrelated to IAQ, specially in schools in Korea. Therefore, objectives of this study in this study were to measure and compare the perception of TAQ of selected air pollutants in Seoul from April to September 2004. Measurement place measured 2 schools of Seoul and local 9 schools (by Kyonggi Province, Chungchong-bukdo Chungchong-namdo, Chollado-bukdo, Cholla-namdo, Kyongsang-bukdo, Kyongsang-namdo, Kwangju, schoolin Pusan each 1 place). Temperature, humidity, illumination, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TBC (total bacteria count), noise, PM10, TVOC(total volatile organic compounds), HCHO (formaldehyde) were measured simultaneously. Also, we Performed a questionnaire survey of 250 students and 50 teachers about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in their schools. Among this article, we handled noise, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, TBC, TVOC, HCHO, PM 10 in our conclusion. Major results were as follows ; Carbon monoxide (CO) was lower than indoor air standard of Korea. Carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ appeared that 4 schools among our sample target school exceeded in normal standard. 4 schools were almost similar with normal standard. TBC appeared that 7 schools among 11 schools were higher than standard. Noise measured school's mean value passed exceeded standard. And school which passed over standard appeared to 7 schools among 11 schools. HCHO was exceeded 4 schools by standard that excess and certainly interrelation between school's establishment year and facilities of construction was detected. PM10 was exposed all schools by fitness in standard. TVOC appeared that 9 schools among 11 measurement school was exceeded health effect standard of Japan.