• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2012

본 연구는 이앙재배시 유기물시용이 벼 생육, 수량과 잡초 발생에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 조생종인 조생흑찰을 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 벼의 초장은 이앙 후 50일부터 관행구, 유박처리구에서 비슷한 수준이었으며, 쌀겨처리구에서 전 기간 동안 가장 억제되었다. 벼의 간장과 수장은 관행구와 비교하여 모든 유기물 처리구에서 비슷하게 나타났으며, 유기물 처리구 내에서는 유박처리구에서 가장 컷으며, 쌀겨 처리구에서 가장 작았다. 벼 수량은 관행구와 비교하여 호밀 녹비+쌀겨처리구와 유박처리구에서 각각 관행의 98%, 91%로 수치는 낮았지만 통계적으로 비슷한 수준이었다. 이앙 후 40일경 잡초 발생량은 화학적 방제를 실시한 관행구에서 현저히 적었으며, 유기물처리구에서는 쌀겨처리구에서 다른 유기물처리구보다 현저히 적었다. 또한 쌀겨를 병행 시용한 처리구(호밀녹비+쌀겨)에서 잡초의 발생량이 적었으며, 유박처리구에서 현저히 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1995

This paper studied production characteristics of organic farming products and analyzed management income and production cost of organic farming(rice). In order to analyze these points actually, this study was focused on pruduction activities of a producers' organization, Pulmoo Cooperatives in Hong-Dong Myun, Hong-Seong Region, Chung Nam Province. So the following results were obtained : In 1994, output level and an income rate of rice per unit area(10a) which was produced in organic farming method(O.F.M) was higher than those of general farming method(G.F.M) as about 5%, 7.4%. And management income size of the former was 1.8 times as large as that of the latter. But rice production cost of O.F.M was 1.93 times as much as that of G.F.M, particularily in labor cost and farming equipment cost, light and heat expenses, many other material costs. For the progress of organic farming O.F.M and equipmets should be developed much more, for example, the technics of prevetion against damages by blight and harmful insects and improvement of varieties, natural pesticides, agricultual application of microorganisim, construction of compost heat factory, etc. Since these technics and establishments have taken on the public goods, the development of those should be supported by government.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.314-314
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• 2009

The effects of mixtures of each of rice hull charcoal and wood charcoal with pyroligneous acid on the cultivation and antioxidant activities of rice were investigated. Results of the total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical electron-donating ability and xanthine oxidase stress activity analyses revealed that the environment-friendly materials increased the total antioxidant capacity in rice. In the case of palatability of rice, total amylose blue value and starch-I2color reaction analyses, data showed that environment-friendly materials generally decreased the amylose content of rice. Also, the environment-friendly materials improved the rice endosperm quality.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2008

유기상토에 툽밥 발효 돈분으로 생산한 분립의 첨가비율을 달리했을 때, 벼의 유식물체 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저면도포 무처리구에서 추청 벼는 분립 20%까지의 혼합비율, 흑미 벼는 분립 10%까지의 첨가비율에서 유식물체의 생육이 양호하였다. 또한 저면도포 처리구에서는 추청 벼와 흑미벼 모두 분립 5% 혼합비율에서 유식물체의 생육이 양호하였다. 저면도포 처리구가 무처리구에 비하여 낮은 분립 첨가비율에서 유식물체의 생육이 양호하였던 것은 뿌리신장에 의하여 토양표면에 시용된 분립으로부터 생육에 필요한 양분의 공급이 이루어졌기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 장기간 벼를 육묘할 경우에는 유식물체의 생육이 양호하였던 분립의 적정 혼합비율의 범위가 갖는 상토의 이화학성의 유지가 필요하다고 판단된다. 지렁이 분립의 이화학적 특성으로 볼 때, 유기 경종농업에서 토양시용 또는 상토재의 원료로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2008

To develop a monitoring method for soil microbial communities in rice paddy fields, we used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to compare soil bacterial community structure in rice paddy fields experiencing different management practices: organic practices, conventional practices without a winter barley rotation, and conventional practices with a winter barley rotation. Restriction fragment length profiles from soils farmed using organic practices showed very different patterns from those from conventional practices with and without barley rotation. In principal component analyses, restriction fragment profiles in organic practice samples were clearly separated from those in conventional practice samples, while principal component analysis did not show a clear separation for soils farmed using conventional practices with and without barley rotation. The cluster analysis showed that the bacterial species compositions of soils under organic practices were significantly different from those under conventional practices at the 95% level, but soils under conventional practice with and without barley rotation did not significantly differ. Although the loadings from principal component analyses and the Ribosomal DNA Project II databases suggested candidate species important for soils under organic farming practices, it was very difficult to get detailed bacterial species information from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Rank-abundance diagrams and diversity indices showed that restriction fragment peaks under organic farming showed high Pielou's Evenness Index and the reciprocal of Simpson Index suggesting high bacterial diversity in organically farmed soils.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.374-383
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• 2021

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major pathogens that cause sheath blight disease in rice. Sheath blight is one of the most difficult diseases to control. Biological control (with the use of rhizobacteria) is one of the ways to control this disease. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a rhizosphere bacterium that can be used to enhance plant growth. The composition of the rhizobacteria in organic and nonorganic soil is affected by the chemical characteristics of the soil - which influences plant physiology and root exudation patterns. This study aimed to obtain a species of rhizobacteria which shows PGPR activity, from organic and nonorganic rice fields and test their capability to suppress R. solani growth. Out of 23 isolates screened for PGPR activity, the following isolates showed high PGPR activity and were selected for in vitro antagonistic activity testing against R. solani: ISO6, ISO11, ISO15, ISN2, ISN3, and ISN7, The six isolates produced 43,42-75,23 ppm of IAA, possessed phosphorus solubilization capability, and chitinase-producing activity. ISO6 (54.88%) and ISN7 (83.33%) displayed high inhibition capacities against R. solani, in vitro. ISO6 and ISN7 inhibited the growth of R. solani lesions on rice leaves by 89% and 100% (without lesion), respectively, after 7 days of incubation. Analysis of their 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the ISO6 isolate was Citrobacter freundii and ISN7 isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

This study was carried out to review and compare crop cultivations upon chemical properties of paddy soil and qualitative characteristics of rice in Sejong-city from a point of view of farming extension to rice farmers and to utilize the result of the study as a basic guideline for precise agricultural practice. The pH in soils of Sejong was about 6.1-6.6 and had no difference with an average pH of paddy soils in Chung-Nam with pH 6.1. However, the average of organic matter, calcium (Ca) and available silicate in Sejong was lower than the average of them in Chung-Nam. The yields of rice were higher in 2010 than in 2011 and 2012, and the protein contents of rice were the highest in 2011 while the lowest water contents of rice in 2011. The protein contents upon regions were the highest in 2011 with 6.1%, and the amylose contents were the highest in Yeondong-myun, Jeoneu-myun, and Yeonseo-myun in 2010 while Kumnam-myun and Jeondong-myun were the highest in 2012. With the increase of precipitation, the protein content level in rice was increased while the amylose content level tended to decrease. Correlations between the chemical properties of paddy soil and the quality of rice and between level of organic matter in soil and amylose contents were negative (r = -0.507), and the correlation between the moisture contents and amylose contents (r = 0.419) and between the water contents and whiteness (r = 0.485) were positive. Because the quantity and quality of rice yield is determined by the soil characteristics, the consultation to farmers for the proactive soil analysis and for the maintenance of stable level of pH, organic matter and available silicate based on historical results of analysis is highly recommended. Also, the analysis on the effect of the weather and the soil characteristics affecting the quality and quantity of rice would be another good way.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2005

우리나라 벼 유기농업 실천농가의 가장 큰 애로사항은 알려져 있는 병해충의 제어기술을 정립하기 위하여 강화 등 5개 지역의 벼 유기농재배지와 관행재배지에서 해충의 발생실태와 방제실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 생육시기별 해충발생은 강화지역의 오리농법과 쌀겨농법 재배지에서 본답 중기에 애멸구의 밀도가 높았으며 여주지역의 관행재배지에서 본답초기에 벼물바구미의 밀도가 높았다. 홍성지역에서는 본답초기에 관행방제구에 비하여 유기재배지에서 끝동매미충과 벼물바구미의 밀도가 높았다. 시기별 해충발생은 본답후기에 많았으며 지역 간의 차이는 있었으나 유기재배지에서 많은 경향이었다. 2. 홍성지역에서는 오리투입시기에는 발생이 적었으나 본답초기 및 후기에 발생이 많았다. 천적류도 본답후기에 발생이 많았고 지역별로 큰 차이는 없었으며 거미류와 기생봉류가 주류를 이루었다. 홍성지역에서는 유기재배지보다 관행재배지에서 꼬마거미와 접시거미의 발생이 많았다. 논거미의 분포는 대부분 조망성 거미인 꼬마거미과, 접시거미과, 갈거미과 등이 배회성 거미인 늑대거미, 염낭거미, 닷거미 등 보다 다양한 지역에서 발생하였으며, 거미의 발생량은 지역간의 차이가 심하였고 농법간의 차이는 일관성이 없었다. 3. 일부 자재의 경우 방제효과가 높이 나타났으나, 유기농 자재에 대한 효과는 보다 과학적인 검증이 필요한 상태이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2012

2011년 전북 군산과 익산 지역의 관행농, 무농약, 유기농 농가를 대상으로 영농방법별로 쌀 생산 과정 중 투입 배출되는 물질 목록을 면접조사하여 전과정평가를 수행하고 쌀 생산체계에 대한 영농방법별 환경영향을 평가하고 탄소배출량을 비교 분석하였다. 전과정 목록분석 결과 $CO_2$ 배출은 화학비료 생산과 벼 재배단계에서 가장 많았고, $CH_4$과 $N_2O$ 배출은 대부분 벼 재배 중에 발생되었다. 쌀 (조곡) 1 kg 생산을 기준으로 하는 탄소성적은 관행농이 1.01E+00 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았고, 무농약이 5.37E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, 유기농법이 6.58E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$였다. 농자재 투입량이 가장 적었던 무농약 쌀 생산에서 탄소성적이 가장 낮았고, 생산량은 가장 적었지만 복비투입이 없었던 유기농이 관행농보다 탄소성적이 낮았다. 관행농과 무농약 쌀 생산체계에서 온실가스 배출 주요 요인은 복비생산과 벼 재배 중 $CH_4$ 발생이었고, 유기농에서는 벼 재배 중 농기계 연료사용과 논토양 $CH_4$ 발생이었다. 그러므로 온실가스 감축을 위한 영농방법 활용으로 복합비료 적정량 사용을 위한 맞춤형 비료의 권장 및 벼논 물관리에 의한 메탄발생 저감방법 등을 제안하며, 더불어 유기농법에서는 수확량 향상을 위한 생산 효율성 증대와, 벼 재배 단계에서 농기계 연료 효율성 증대 활용에 관한 연구가 요구되었다.