• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 1993

The relationships between microbial activity and disturbance level of soil were investigated from 15 parks in Seoul and undisturbed area. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil and dehydrogenase activity(DHA) as an index of soil microbial activity were analysed. There were ranges of 3.84~7.37 in pH, 9.63~40.33% in moisture content, 3.41~21.49% in organic matter, 0.36~0.79g/g in water holding capacity and 0.03~0.53% in total nitrogen investigated sites. DHA values of soil were 8.64~$146.76{\mu}g/g$ in park soil and 545.14~$1, 198.80{\mu}g/g$ in undisurbed area. DHA of park soil with high traffic density and contamination source from human activities was much lower than that of undisturbed area. DHA was positively correlated with moisture content, organic matter, water holding capacity and total nitrogen.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.463-474
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study were to establish of resource cycling agricultural system focused on farmer's organization. Case is selected as the farming corporation for the regional agriculture considering the amount of sowing by-products and livestock by-products generated. As a result, generation of fertilizer ingredient depend on feces and urine of Korean native cattle is estimated nitrogen 7.7 ton, phosphoric acid 2.9 ton, and potassium 4.9 ton. On the other hand, generation of fertilizer ingredient demand in cultivated acreage is estimated nitrogen 42.4 ton, phosphoric acid 14.3 ton, and potassium 17.0 ton. Therefore, optimum livestock numbers is estimated 1,867 cattle and it means 1,468 cattle can be raise additionally. In order to complete the resource cycling agricultural system, it should be establish nutrient management system at all of organization level and achieve improvements in regional resource supply. Both economic value of organic fertilizer and the resource cycling system linked market system is considered to develop resource cycling level.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2002

The changes of conventional clarification processe and an increase in treatment cost are required to meet increasingly stringent regulations related to the treated water quality. Although many enhanced coagulations have introduced to improve organic matter removal, the results to remove color, nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic material have not been very efficient yet. In this context as new flocculation using calcium hydroxide and magnesum sulfate was carried out. The removal of waste matters such as SS, organic matter, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus contained in stock wastewater was carried out by using the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate. The flocculation was investigated as a function of coagulant dose, pH, mixing time, settling time and coagulant addition modes such as the sequential addition of the two coagulants and the simultaneous addition of them. The flocculation by the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate was compared with that by aluminum sulfate. The mechanism of flocculation was investigated as well. About 60% of COD in stock watewater was removed by flocculation with combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 1997

The process which can stabilize water quality of treatment and improve nitrogen removal rate under the condition of high organic loading was developed by charging fibrous HBC media to single sludge nitrification-denitrification process. This process was operated easier, minimized the treatment cost, and shortened the retention time. To improve T-N removal rate, a part of nitrifing liquid at aerobic zone was recycled to anoxic zone by approximate internal recycle ratio. The experimental results are as follows ; T-N removal efficiency in the organic volumetric loading 0.14-0.19 kg/COD/m$^{3}$·d was obtained asmaxium of 85% at internal recycle ratio 2.5 and in more ratio than this it was decreased. Organic removal efficiency was about 91% under the overall experimental conditions and not influenced by recycle ratio.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2004

The content of nutrients such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated on soil layers in Quercus mongolica forest of Mt. Songnisan National Park located at central part of Korea was measured, and then the decomposition constants and decay times of the nutrients were also calculated by the negative coefficience model(O1son,1963). The quantities of organic carton of L-layer, F-layer, H-layer and $A_1$-layer of the forest stand were 231.25 g $m^{-2}$, 291.50 g $m^{-2}$,166.91 g$m^{-2}$ and 174.51 g $m^{-2}$, respectively. The content of organic carbon and nitrogen contained in L-layer and F-layer showed large quantity than those of other layers. The large amount of phosphorus and potassium was observed at the B-layer and $A_1$-layer. On the other hand, the decomposition constants(k) of soil organic matter were as follows : organic carbon (k = 0.3657), nitrogen (k = 0.3319), phosphorus (k = 0.2050), and potassium (k = 0.0934) and the decay times needed to 99% decomposition of nutrients in soil organic matter were as follows: that is, organic carton, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 13.94 years, 15.18 years, 24.79 years, and 55.11 years, respectively. By the application of Turbo Pascal Program on the inflowed and outflowed nutrients to the forest stand,87.67% (714.84 g $m^{-2}$) of organic carbon inflowed was decomposed and 81.62% (1,594.62 g $m^{-2}$) of organic carbon accumulated was decomposed. And 84.98% of nitrogen inflowed was decomposed and 70.26% of nitrogen accumulated was also decayed.50.00% of phosphorus input and 40.31% of potassium input were decomposed, and 38.40% of phosphoyus and 33.03% of potassium accumulated were also decayed, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that Quercus mongolica forest surveyed in the present study is maintaining in steady state because input and output amounts of nutrients is shown a similar pattern.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.206-209
• /
• 2011

For the development of Boxthorn organic cultivation techniques, we investigated effect of several organic compost as a foundation fertilizer and growing plant fertilizer. And we adopted partly opening rain shelter greenhouse to protect anthracnose. In organic compost applying test yield characteristics of 'Mixed organic compost' treatment was the best but in betaine content measurement of dried fruit, 'Mixed organic compost and nitrogen guano' treatment was the best and it's chlorophyll and 100 fruit weight were also better than the other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 1985

To investigate the effects of paper sludge, by-products of paper manufactory, on the chemical properties of paddy soil and growth of paddy rice, paper sludges were applied to the pots at the rates of 300, 600, 900 and 1,200㎏/l0a which were either pread-justed C/N ratio to 30 : 1 or not adjusted. The effects were compared with those of control. Seasonal variations of various forms of soil organic nitrogen, the mineralization of organic nitrogen and the contents of soil minerals were analyzed. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The contents of soil organic nitrogen, especially amino sugar-N and amino acid-N, organic matter, CEC and available $SiO_2$ were increased by application of paper sludge compared with that of control. 2) The mineralizations of organic nitrogen after 6 weeks of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ were 12. 2, 12.6, 15.1, 9.7 and $15.2^{\circ}C$ in the control, 300㎏/l0a sludge treatment, 300㎏/l0a sludge treatment(C/N ratio adjusted), 600㎏/l0a sludge treatment and 600㎏/l0a sludge treatment(C/N ratio adjusted), respectively. 3) Cu and Pb contents in the soil were in the range of $0{\sim}0.2100$ and $0{\sim}0.0013$ ppm, respectively. Cr and Cu in the soil were not detected at all. There were no differences in the contents of all the heavy metals among all the treatments in the soil.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2009

The effect of inorganic, organic nitrogen sources and amino acids on the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ component ratio was investigated. Among the nine organic nitrogen sources, CSP showed a remarkable enhancing effect on the production of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. But this enhancement was not observed in medium containing Bacto peptone, tryptone, casamino acid and soybean meal. These differences on the production of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ may be due to differences in kinds and amounts of component amino acids and peptides in the various organic nitrogen sources tested. In the addition of inorganic nitrogens, only $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ increase the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production by 2.0 times compare to the control group. The addition of L-tyrosine to the medium containing Bacto tryptone, was also determined to be crucial for the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production. But phenylalanin and tryptophan, other aromatic amino acids, had no stimulatory effect on the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production. These results show that the production and components ratio of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ was greatly affected by the kinds and the concentration of inorganic, organic nitrogen sources as well as amino acids.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2001

We have previously developed three stage methane fermentation system capable of digesting food wastes effectively and then releasing high organic wastewater as a final product. In this study, we tried to devise an ecological water treatment system, which can efficiently remove the nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the organic wastewater. The system was made of microbiological filters, algae, and waterfleas. Of two species of alga tested, Selenastrum capricornutum showed higher growth rate and more efficiently removed the nitrogen from the wastewater than by Chlorella sp. In addition, the highest growth rate and the nitrogen removal efficiency could be obtained when high concentrations of $Mg^{2+}\; and\; Ca^{2+}$ were added to the diluted wastewater and the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was adjusted to 10 : 1. In this study the population relationship between alga and water flea was also examined in a test tube. The initial number of algal cells decreased as the waterflea population increased. However, the number of algal cells gradually increased again when waterflea population decreased partly due to the environmental resistance. From these results, it was believed that the ecological water treatment system could be used for removing the nitrogen and phosphorus from organic wastewater very effectively. Moreover, the waterflea cultured by this system as a final predator could be used as a good foodstuff for fishes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate soil properties, ordination, and vegetation of the coastal sand dune in Sinduri, Taean-Gun. 1. The Orobanche coerulescens and Ixeris repens that are a peculiar species were found in Sinduri coastal sand dune and the Salix purpurea var. japonica that is an endemic species of korea was found in that place. The plant communities was categorized into seven groups, such as Rosa rugosa community, Vitex rotundifolia communit, Carex kobomugi community, Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Artemisia capillaris community, and Calamagrostis epigeios community. 2. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous concentrations, and cation exchange capacity were lower in the study sites than in forest soil of seashore. There was little difference in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations between in the study site and in the forest soil of seashore. The soil pH was ranged from 5.69 to 7.63. The soil texture in the study site was sand or loamy sand. 3. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and environmental factor are as follows; the soil pH was the most effect to the community distribution, and CEC, total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and the amount of silt in soil have some correlation with community distribution. 4. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and soil characteristics are as follows; the Calamagrostis epigeios community was found in area that have high soil moisture content; the Rosa rugosa community was found in area that have high soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and low soil pH; the Vitex rotundifolia community, Carex kobomugi community, and Artemisia capillaris community were found in area that have low soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and high soil pH; the Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community and Carex pumila community were found in area that have medium soil CEC, organic matter concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and soil pH.